Article
Pediatrics
Misun Hwang, Luis O. Tierradentro-Garcia, Syed H. Hussaini, Stephanie C. Cajigas-Loyola, Summer L. Kaplan, Hansel J. Otero, Richard D. Bellah
Summary: Neurosonography has become an essential tool for diagnosis and serial monitoring of preterm brain injury. It offers distinct advantages such as cost-effectiveness, diagnostic utility, and convenience. Advances in neurosonography techniques provide new functional insights into the brain and prompt an updated review of the topic.
PEDIATRIC RADIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Anthony Debay, Sharina Patel, Pia Wintermark, Martine Claveau, Francois Olivier, Marc Beltempo
Summary: The study assessed the association between the location and number of tracheal intubation attempts and death and/or severe neurological injury in preterm infants. The results showed that tracheal intubation performed in the delivery room was associated with a higher risk of death and/or SNI compared to intubation in the NICU. The number of intubation attempts did not have a significant association with death and/or SNI.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PERINATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Dimitra Metallinou, Grigorios Karampas, Georgia Nyktari, Nicoletta Iacovidou, Katerina Lykeridou, Demetrios Rizos
Summary: Currently, it is not possible to early detect whether high-risk premature infants will develop neonatal brain injury. This study found that while there were no significant differences in GFAP levels between groups, neonates with brain injury more frequently showed elevated levels of GFAP, indicating a potential limited effectiveness of GFAP as an early biomarker for NBI in premature infants.
BOSNIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Satoshi Kusuda, Hidehiko Nakanishi, Hideaki Suzuki
Summary: This study aimed to validate the criteria used for diagnosing cerebral palsy (CP) in preterm infants under the Japan Obstetric Compensation System. By analyzing a neonatal database, it was found that the existing criteria were no longer suitable due to advances in perinatal care. The study also found a decrease in mortality and related complications among preterm infants.
JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mohammed Alshareef, Devin Hatchell, Tyler Vasas, Khalil Mallah, Aakash Shingala, Jonathan Cutrone, Ali Alawieh, Chunfang Guo, Stephen Tomlinson, Ramin Eskandari
Summary: Germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH) is a common pathology in infants, with long-term consequences. This study found that the complement pathway plays a critical role in the acute and chronic outcomes of GMH. Inhibiting the complement pathway can reduce hemorrhage, improve survival, and alleviate structural changes associated with brain injury.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jong Ho Cha, Nayeon Choi, Jiyeong Kim, Hyun Ju Lee, Jae Yoon Na, Hyun-Kyung Park
Summary: This study investigates the neurodevelopmental outcomes of very-low-birth weight infants with cystic periventricular leukomalacia (cPVL). The results show that cPVL is associated with motor, cognitive, and visual impairments, particularly in infants without intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) or with low-grade IVH. However, there is no significant correlation between cPVL and cognitive impairment in infants with high-grade IVH. Regression models also indicate a strong association between isolated cPVL and motor and cognitive impairments.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Silvia Martini, Laura Castellini, Roberta Parladori, Vittoria Paoletti, Arianna Aceti, Luigi Corvaglia
Summary: Free radicals play a crucial role in neonatal brain injury, with different profiles of injury identified based on the pathophysiological mechanisms and specific neonatal characteristics. While potential biomarkers for oxidative damage have been discovered, treatments such as therapeutic hypothermia and magnesium sulfate with antioxidant properties have become standard care to reduce the risk of brain injury in neonates. The implementation of currently available evidence is essential for optimizing neonatal neuroprotection and improving the neurological outcome of this population.
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Vivek V. Shukla, Andrew Klinger, Siamak Yazdi, A. K. M. Fazlur Rahman, Sydney Wright, Angela Barganier, Namasivayam Ambalavanan, Waldemar A. Carlo, Manimaran Ramani
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the impact of neuroprotection interventions bundle on the incidence of severe brain injury or early death in very preterm infants. The results showed that the intervention was associated with a significant decrease in severe brain injury or early death in these infants.
JOURNAL OF PERINATOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Serafina Perrone, Federica Grassi, Chiara Caporilli, Giovanni Boscarino, Giulia Carbone, Chiara Petrolini, Lucia Maria Gambini, Antonio Di Peri, Sabrina Moretti, Giuseppe Buonocore, Susanna Maria Roberta Esposito
Summary: The brain is susceptible to various insults, and oxidative stress may be the common pathway of these insults. Fetuses and newborns are especially vulnerable to oxidative stress due to their limited antioxidant defenses. Current clinical practice lacks reliable early serum biomarkers for the identification of newborns at high risk of neurological diseases. It is important to identify specific biomarkers for early monitoring and neuroprotective strategies. However, further studies are needed to explore the association of these biomarkers with the type and severity of perinatal brain damage.
Article
Neurosciences
Dimitra Metallinou, Grigorios Karampas, Eleftheria Lazarou, Nikoletta Iacovidou, Panagiota Pervanidou, Katerina Lykeridou, George Mastorakos, Demetrios Rizos
Summary: This study found significantly higher levels of serum activin A in premature neonates diagnosed with NBI during the first two days of life compared to control neonates. These levels were found to correlate with the severity of NBI, indicating potential as an early marker for neonates at high risk of NBI.
Review
Pediatrics
Sie Kei Wong, M. Chim, J. Allen, A. Butler, J. Tyrrell, T. Hurley, M. McGovern, M. Omer, N. Lagan, J. Meehan, E. P. Cummins, E. J. Molloy
Summary: There is currently no consensus on the optimal pCO2 levels in newborns, and conflicting findings exist regarding the effectiveness of permissive hypercapnia in neonates. Following a systematic review, a safe range of pCO2 of 5-7 kPa was inferred.
PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Jeffrey B. Russ, Bridget E. L. Ostrem
Summary: This article discusses the pathophysiology, neurodevelopmental outcomes, and management of acquired perinatal brain conditions. Various factors such as infections, inflammation, hypoxic-ischemic events, and toxins can directly disrupt the development of the central nervous system. The fetal brain and postnatal brain have different pathologies and treatment approaches.
PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Mohsin Raj Mantoo, Ashok K. Deorari, Manisha Jana, Ramesh Agarwal, M. Jeeva Sankar, Anu Thukral
Summary: The study aimed to determine the incidence and risk factors of preterm white matter injury in preterm neonates. The results showed that preterm WMI occurred in 37.1% of neonates, with PIVH occurring in 17.8% and PVL in 24.3%. Risk factors were not associated with PIVH, but hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus and apnea of prematurity were significantly associated with increased risk of PVL.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Chunxiang Zhang, Xin Zhao, Meiying Cheng, Kaiyu Wang, Xiaoan Zhang
Summary: Synthetic MRI can provide comprehensive information on brain parameters, which is crucial for diagnosing and evaluating the impact of intraventricular hemorrhage in premature infants. The T1 and T2 relaxation times, PD values, and brain volume changes demonstrated by synthetic MRI contribute to the diagnosis and assessment of IVH.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Masatoki Kaneko, Junsuke Muraoka, Naoshi Yamada, Yuki Kodama
Summary: This study investigated the usefulness of procalcitonin in the perinatal field. The results showed that procalcitonin levels in umbilical blood can reflect the severity of chorioamnionitis and are associated with neonatal outcomes such as neonatal sepsis, neonatal death, and severe intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH).
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Courtney P. Gilchrist, Deanne K. Thompson, Bonnie Alexander, Claire E. Kelly, Karli Treyvaud, Lillian G. Matthews, Leona Pascoe, Diana Zannino, Rosemary Yates, Chris Adamson, Mary Tolcos, Jeanie L. Y. Cheong, Terrie E. Inder, Lex W. Doyle, Angela Cumberland, Peter J. Anderson
Summary: This study aimed to compare the developmental trajectories of corticolimbic regions in very preterm (VP) children with and without anxiety diagnosis at 13 years. The results showed that VP children with anxiety disorders displayed altered trajectories in whole brain and specific regions compared to VP children without anxiety. These alterations mainly reflected slower growth in early childhood and did not persist after adjusting for total brain volume and social risk.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Paulina M. Stedall, Megan M. Spencer-Smith, Suncica Lah, Lex W. Doyle, Alicia J. Spittle, Alice C. Burnett, Peter J. Anderson
Summary: This study examined episodic and prospective memory functioning in children born very preterm (VP) compared to term-born children. The results showed that VP children performed worse on verbal and visuospatial episodic memory tests, as well as time-based and short-term prospective memory tasks. Parents of VP children also reported more everyday memory difficulties. This highlights the importance of monitoring and addressing memory challenges in children born very preterm.
JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Ellen Douglas, Kate A. Hodgson, Joy E. Olsen, Brett J. Manley, Calum T. Roberts, Elisha Josev, Peter J. Anderson, Lex W. Doyle, Peter G. Davis, Jeanie L. Y. Cheong
Summary: This study aimed to assess the relationship between cumulative postnatal corticosteroid dose and neurodevelopmental outcomes. The study found that higher cumulative corticosteroid dose in extremely low birth weight infants was associated with increased odds of cerebral palsy. However, further adequately powered studies are needed to evaluate the independent effects of cumulative steroid dose on neurodevelopmental outcomes.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Takeshi Suzuki, Yuji Ito, Tadashi Ito, Hiroyuki Kidokoro, Koji Noritake, Keita Tsujimura, Shinji Saitoh, Hiroyuki Yamamoto, Nobuhiko Ochi, Naoko Ishihara, Izumi Yasui, Hideshi Sugiura, Tomohiko Nakata, Jun Natsume
Summary: In this study, we quantitatively evaluated gait pathology in patients with Rett syndrome using three-dimensional gait analysis. The results showed that patients with Rett syndrome exhibit abnormal gait, especially in the coronal plane of the pelvis and hip joint, as well as the horizontal plane of the pelvis.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Corneliu Bolbocean, Peter J. Anderson, Peter Bartmann, Jeanie L. Y. Cheong, Lex W. Doyle, Dieter Wolke, Stavros Petrou
Summary: This study examined the agreement between two different instruments used to measure health-related quality of life in individuals born very preterm and/or with low birthweight. The study found that the HUI3 tool captured preterm-related changes in health status more accurately, while the SF-6D tool was more accurate in measuring the health status of the control group.
QUALITY OF LIFE RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Psychology, Educational
Garance Delagneau, E. Sabrina Twilhaar, Renee Testa, Sarit van Veen, Peter Anderson
Summary: This meta-analysis examined the relationship between prenatal maternal stress and/or anxiety and the outcomes of children aged 3 months to 9 years. Of the 8754 studies published before June 2021 that were synthesized, 17 conducted in Western countries were included in the meta-analysis (N-total = 23,307; M-males 54%; M-ethnicity White 77%, Pacific 15%, African American/Black 10%, Middle Eastern 7%, Eastern 8%). Effect sizes ranged from -0.41 to 0.15. A weak negative association was found between prenatal stress and/or anxiety exposure and children's general intellectual development. Associations varied based on the type of exposure. Findings are limited to developed counties and cannot be generalized to low- and middle-income countries. Directions for maternal prenatal intervention and future studies are discussed.
Article
Pediatrics
Megan Spencer-Smith, Amber Weinman, Jon Quach, Leona Pascoe, Fiona Mensah, Melissa Wake, Gehan Roberts, Peter J. Anderson
Article
Pediatrics
Lex W. Doyle, Julie Chen, Rosemarie Anne Boland, Stefan Charles Kane, Rheanna Mainzer, Gehan Roberts, Elisha K. Josev, Marissa Clark, Peter J. Anderson, Jeanie Ling Yoong Cheong
Summary: This study aimed to determine the diagnostic accuracy of small-for-gestational-age (SGA) status for infant mortality and adverse school-age outcomes in extremely preterm infants. The results showed that the diagnostic accuracy of SGA status was low and varied with the growth reference used.
ARCHIVES OF DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD-FETAL AND NEONATAL EDITION
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Rebecca N. Brown, Alice C. Burnett, Deanne K. Thompson, Alicia J. Spittle, Rachel Ellis, Jeanie L. Y. Cheong, Lex W. Doyle, Leona Pascoe, Peter J. Anderson
Summary: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between motor performance and attention in very preterm and term-born children, as well as the presence of individual profiles of motor and attention performance. The results showed that balance was positively associated with attention outcomes at both ages. At 13 years, there were specific interactions between aiming and catching, manual dexterity, and attention, with positive associations only observed in very preterm children. At 7 years, three profiles were observed, while at 13 years, two profiles of average attention and motor functioning emerged, as well as one profile of below-average attention and motor functioning. Children born very preterm were overrepresented in the lower functioning profiles.
DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE AND CHILD NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Emilyn Soon, Vanessa Siffredi, Peter J. Anderson, Vicki A. Anderson, Alissandra McIlroy, Richard J. Leventer, Amanda G. Wood, Megan M. Spencer-Smith
Summary: This study examined the differences in interference control and response inhibition between children with AgCC and typically developing children. It also explored the impact of different anatomical features of AgCC on these abilities. The results showed that children with AgCC had poorer performance in inhibitory control measures compared to TD children, and those with a complex AgCC had worse response inhibition performance than those with isolated AgCC. The study also found that the volume and microstructure of the anterior and posterior commissures may compensate for the absence of the corpus callosum, contributing to better inhibitory control outcomes.
JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Claire E. Kelly, Michelle Shaul, Deanne K. Thompson, Rheanna M. Mainzer, Joseph Y. M. Yang, Thijs Dhollander, Jeanie L. Y. Cheong, Terrie E. Inder, Lex W. Doyle, Peter J. Anderson
Summary: Early life experiences, such as very preterm birth, can have long-term effects on brain and cognitive development. This study synthesized previous research on brain structure in adults born very preterm (VP) and found volumetric, morphologic, and microstructural alterations in specific regions of the brain compared to controls. These findings suggest a persisting neurological impact of VP birth, which may provide insights into the development of cognition in high-risk populations.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Karen P. Best, Jacqueline F. Gould, Maria Makrides, Thomas Sullivan, Jeanie Cheong, Shao J. Zhou, Stefan Kane, Huda Safa, A. Sparks, Lex W. Doyle, A. J. McPhee, Tanya A. C. Nippita, Hossein H. A. Afzali, Rosalie Grivell, D. Mackerras, E. Knight, Simon Wood, Tim Green
Summary: This study aims to determine the effect of reducing iodine intake from supplements on the cognitive development of children at 24 months of age. A total of 754 pregnant women will be randomly assigned to receive either a low iodine or a common dose of iodine supplement. The primary outcome is the developmental quotient of infants at 24 months of age.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Thang Dao, Dale Lee Robinson, Lex W. Doyle, Peter V. S. Lee, Joy Olsen, Ashwini Kale, Jeanie L. Y. Cheong, John D. Wark
Summary: This study investigated the bone structure and estimated bone strength of young adults born extremely preterm or extremely low birth weight. The results showed that the EP/ELBW survivors had lower bone parameters compared to the controls, especially among males. These findings suggest a higher long-term fracture risk in EP/ELBW survivors.
JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Regine Cassandra Lau, Peter John Anderson, Joshua F. Wiley, Derek Huang, Faisha Surjatin, Paul Mcintosh, Susan Gathercole, Megan Spencer-Smith
Summary: This study aims to test the effects of working memory training on cognitive improvement in children, using different methods of difficulty setting and comparing with an active control group. The study uses experimental interventions and various assessment measures, providing valuable information for future research and design of cognitive training interventions.
JMIR RESEARCH PROTOCOLS
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Lex W. Doyle, S. Ranganathan, A. J. Spittle, G. Opie, R. M. Mainzer, Jeanie L. Y. Cheong
Summary: This study aimed to describe the changes in expiratory airflow at 7-8 years of age in survivors born extremely low birth weight (ELBW) before and after the introduction of exogenous surfactant. The results showed that there was no improvement in expiratory airflow in ELBW children with the introduction of surfactant, and there may be a deterioration in those with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).