Article
Oncology
Kimberly D. Miller, Ana P. Ortiz, Paulo S. Pinheiro, Priti Bandi, Adair Minihan, Hannah E. Fuchs, Dinorah Martinez Tyson, Guillermo Tortolero-Luna, Stacey A. Fedewa, Ahmedin M. Jemal, Rebecca L. Siegel
Summary: The Hispanic/Latino population accounts for 18% of the total population in the continental United States and Hawaii. While their cancer incidence and mortality rates are lower compared to non-Hispanic Whites, they have higher rates of certain types of cancer such as liver and stomach cancer, indicating the need for improved cancer prevention strategies.
CA-A CANCER JOURNAL FOR CLINICIANS
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
I Nunez, Y. Caro-Vega, P. F. Belaunzaran-Zamudio
Summary: This study evaluated the diagnostic properties of COVID-19 case definitions in Mexico City, finding that the WHO suspected case definition had high sensitivity. It is crucial for case definitions to prioritize maximizing sensitivity in high-transmission areas.
Letter
Immunology
Gabrielle Sutton, Camille Normand, Flora Carnet, Anne Courouce, Marie Garvey, Sophie Castagnet, Christine I. Fortier, Erika S. Hue, Christel Marcillaud-Pitel, Loic Legrand, Romain Paillot, Pierre-Hugues Pitel, Ann Cullinane, Stephane Pronost
Summary: Equine herpesvirus 1 isolates from a 2021 outbreak in Europe have a mutation, A713G, in open reading frame 11 not found in other sequences, which could be used to identify horses infected with the virus strain associated with this outbreak.
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Gorka Munoz-Gil, Giovanni Volpe, Miguel Angel Garcia-March, Erez Aghion, Aykut Argun, Chang Beom Hong, Tom Bland, Stefano Bo, J. Alberto Conejero, Nicolas Firbas, Oscar Orts, Alessia Gentili, Zihan Huang, Jae-Hyung Jeon, Helene Kabbech, Yeongjin Kim, Patrycja Kowalek, Diego Krapf, Hanna Loch-Olszewska, Michael A. Lomholt, Jean-Baptiste Masson, Philipp G. Meyer, Seongyu Park, Borja Requena, Ihor Smal, Taegeun Song, Janusz Szwabinski, Samudrajit Thapa, Hippolyte Verdier, Giorgio Volpe, Artur Widera, Maciej Lewenstein, Ralf Metzler, Carlo Manzo
Summary: Deviations from Brownian motion leading to anomalous diffusion are commonly found in transport dynamics, but challenging to characterize. An open competition comparing different approaches for single trajectory analysis showed that machine learning methods outperform classical approaches.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Virology
Min Seo Kim, Se Yong Jung, Jong Gyun Ahn, Se Jin Park, Yehuda Shoenfeld, Andreas Kronbichler, Ai Koyanagi, Elena Dragioti, Kalthoum Tizaoui, Sung Hwi Hong, Louis Jacob, Joe-Elie Salem, Dong Keon Yon, Seung Won Lee, Shuji Ogino, Hanna Kim, Jerome H. Kim, Jean-Louis Excler, Florian Marks, John D. Clemens, Michael Eisenhut, Yvonne Barnett, Laurie Butler, Cristian Petre Ilie, Eui-Cheol Shin, Jae Il Shin, Lee Smith
Summary: The study compared the safety profiles of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines and influenza vaccines, finding that mRNA vaccines had a higher risk of cardiovascular complications but a lower risk of neurological complications compared to influenza vaccines. Overall, mRNA vaccines showed a lower risk of serious adverse events following immunization compared to influenza vaccines.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Lana Y. H. Lai, Faaizah Arshad, Carlos Areia, Thamir M. Alshammari, Heba Alghoul, Paula Casajust, Xintong Li, Dalia Dawoud, Fredrik Nyberg, Nicole Pratt, George Hripcsak, Marc A. Suchard, Dani Prieto-Alhambra, Patrick Ryan, Martijn J. Schuemie
Summary: This article provides an overview of epidemiologic and analytical methods used in vaccine monitoring, focusing on cohort, case-control, and self-controlled designs. The strengths, weaknesses, and clinical applications of these designs are discussed, and potential biases and ways to mitigate them are explored. Two simulation studies comparing the performance of different study designs are summarized. The rationale and design of the EUMAEUS study are also presented, highlighting the use of real-world multi-database networks for better methods evaluation and vaccine safety surveillance.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Rehabilitation
Louis-Marie Paget, Francis Chin, Nathalie Beltzer
Summary: This study is the first national research in France to provide recent data on hospitalized TBI victims, showing that TBI is a significant public health issue in France. The incidence rate has increased in recent years, primarily due to higher rates among older age groups with the most significant increase in incidence rates. Older people, who have the highest incidence and case-fatality rates, should be a priority target for preventive actions.
ANNALS OF PHYSICAL AND REHABILITATION MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Luis A. Rojas, Zachary Sethna, Kevin C. Soares, Cristina Olcese, Nan Pang, Erin Patterson, Jayon Lihm, Nicholas Ceglia, Pablo Guasp, Alexander Chu, Rebecca Yu, Adrienne Kaya Chandra, Theresa Waters, Jennifer Ruan, Masataka Amisaki, Abderezak Zebboudj, Zagaa Odgerel, George Payne, Evelyna Derhovanessian, Felicitas Mueller, Ina Rhee, Mahesh Yadav, Anton Dobrin, Michel Sadelain, Marta Luksza, Noah Cohen, Laura Tang, Olca Basturk, Mithat Goenen, Seth Katz, Richard Kinh Do, Andrew S. Epstein, Parisa Momtaz, Wungki Park, Ryan Sugarman, Anna M. Varghese, Elizabeth Won, Avni Desai, Alice C. Wei, Michael I. D'Angelica, T. Peter Kingham, Ira Mellman, Taha Merghoub, Jedd D. Wolchok, Ugur Sahin, Oezlem Tuereci, Benjamin D. Greenbaum, William R. Jarnagin, Jeffrey Drebin, Eileen M. O'Reilly, Vinod P. Balachandran
Summary: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal disease with a high mortality rate, but it can be targeted using mutation-derived T cell neoantigens as vaccines. In this phase I trial, researchers synthesized individualized mRNA neoantigen vaccines from PDAC tumors and administered them to patients along with atezolizumab, autogene cevumeran, and mFOLFIRINOX chemotherapy. The results showed that the autogene cevumeran vaccine induced neoantigen-specific T cells in patients, and those with vaccine-expanded T cells had a longer recurrence-free survival.
Editorial Material
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Meghan B. Lane-Fall
Summary: Epidemiology has traditionally used quantitative approaches but these methods have limitations in understanding population health. This commentary explores how qualitative and quantitative methods can be used together to enhance epidemiologic inquiry.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Kyra D. Zens, Vasiliki Baroutsou, Jan S. Fehr, Phung Lang
Summary: Pneumococcal vaccination coverage is low in Switzerland, especially among individuals with predisposing health risks. At-risk individuals are aware of their increased risk but feel they do not have enough information on the topic or have not been recommended a vaccination by their physician.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Aaron C. Miller, Daniel K. Sewell, Alberto M. Segre, Sriram Pemmaraju, Philip M. Polgreen
Summary: A case-control study compared hospitalized patients with and without Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) to determine the association between healthcare exposures prior to hospitalization and risk for hospital-onset CDI, with results showing that patients with CDI had more frequent prior healthcare exposures. The likelihood of CDI during hospitalization was greater with healthcare visits, antibiotic use, and family exposures, but the association decreased with time between exposure and hospitalization. These findings were consistent across different CDI case definitions.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Amitabh Bipin Suthar, Jing Wang, Victoria Seffren, Ryan E. Wiegand, Sean Griffing, Elizabeth Zell
Summary: Increasing vaccination coverage was associated with lower rates of population level covid-19 mortality and incidence in the US. Higher vaccination coverage levels were linked to reduced mortality and incidence rates during the eras of alpha and delta variant predominance.
BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Dalinda Eusebio, Ana R. Neves, Diana Costa, Swati Biswas, Gilberto Alves, Zhengrong Cui, Angela Sousa
Summary: DNA vaccines are innovative approaches that show great potential in overcoming the limitations of traditional vaccines. While plasmid DNA vaccines have numerous advantages, there are still challenges in improving their immunogenicity.
DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
M. Bhering, R. Duarte, A. Kritski
Summary: In Brazil, HIV-positive patients with multidrug-resistant TB had higher rates of unsuccessful treatment outcomes compared to HIV-negative patients. Previous MDR-TB treatment and illicit drug use were associated with an increased risk of treatment failure, while 6-month culture conversion and antiretroviral therapy were predictors of reduced risk.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Carmelita Ribeiro Filha Coriolano, Walter Ataalpa de Freitas Neto, Gerson Oliveira Penna, Mauro Niskier Sanchez
Summary: This study analyzed the timing and factors associated with lepra reactions during and after polychemotherapy (PCT) among leprosy patients. The findings indicated that PB patients developed reactions earlier than MB patients, with female gender and negative smear microscopy also being associated with earlier reactions. It is recommended to prioritize surveillance of lepra reactions during and after PCT to prevent physical disabilities and improve quality of life for persons with leprosy.
CADERNOS DE SAUDE PUBLICA
(2021)
Article
Mathematical & Computational Biology
Ivair R. Silva, Joshua J. Gagne, Mehdi Najafzadeh, Martin Kulldorff
STATISTICS IN MEDICINE
(2020)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Burney A. Kieke, Edward A. Belongia, David L. McClure, Vivek Shinde
INFLUENZA AND OTHER RESPIRATORY VIRUSES
(2020)
Article
Immunology
Elizabeth Liles, Stephanie A. Irving, Padma Dandamudi, Edward A. Belongia, Matthew F. Daley, Frank DeStefano, Lisa A. Jackson, Steven J. Jacobsen, Elyse Kharbanda, Nicola P. Klein, Eric Weintraub, Allison L. Naleway
Summary: Recent studies have shown an increase in the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in young children over a ten-year period, but the data suggest that the rotavirus vaccination is not associated with the development of IBD.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
D. Cal Ham, Lucy Fike, Hannah Wolford, Lindsey Lastinger, Minn Soe, James Baggs, Maroya Spalding Walters
Summary: This study reviewed antibiotic susceptibility testing data of Staphylococcus aureus to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in three national inpatient databases. The results showed an increasing percentage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus that were not susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. It is recommended that healthcare providers choose antibiotic regimens based on local resistance patterns and promptly report any changes to the public health department.
INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Huong Q. McLean, David L. McClure, Jennifer P. King, Jennifer K. Meece, David Pattinson, Gabriele Neumann, Yoshihiro Kawaoka, Melissa A. Rolfes, Edward A. Belongia
Summary: The study found that the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines has decreased with the increasing prevalence of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant. Overall, two doses of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines showed an effectiveness of 56% against laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, with Moderna vaccine at 65% and Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine at 50%. When the Delta variant was predominant, the effectiveness of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines was 54%, Moderna vaccine was 59%, and Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine was 52%.
INFLUENZA AND OTHER RESPIRATORY VIRUSES
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Sarah Spencer, Jessie R. Chung, Edward A. Belongia, Maria Sundaram, Jennifer Meece, Laura A. Coleman, Richard K. Zimmerman, Mary Patricia Nowalk, Krissy Moehling Geffel, Ted Ross, Chalise E. Carter, David Shay, Min Levine, Justine Liepkalns, Jin Hyang Kim, Suryaprakash Sambhara, Mark G. Thompson, Brendan Flannery
Summary: Individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus and those without showed similar serologic responses to the trivalent influenza vaccine, with greater fold-increases in antibody titer occurring among those with lower pre-vaccination antibody titers. The waning of antibody titers was not influenced by diabetes status.
INFLUENZA AND OTHER RESPIRATORY VIRUSES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Huong Q. McLean, Min Z. Levine, Jennifer P. King, Brendan Flannery, Edward A. Belongia
Summary: Sequential vaccination with enhanced vaccines did not reduce immunogenicity in adults aged 65 through 74 years. Serologic response to cell-propagated A/H3N2 was suboptimal for all vaccines.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Ashley N. Rose, James Baggs, Sophia Kazakova, Alice Y. Guh, Sarah H. Yi, Natalie L. McCarthy, John A. Jernigan, Sujan C. Reddy
Summary: Despite significant changes to healthcare delivery and antibiotic prescribing during the COVID-19 pandemic, there was no significant change in Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) trends. CDI rates showed a slight downward trajectory before the pandemic declaration, but this trend did not continue during the pandemic.
INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Sara S. Kim, Jessie R. Chung, H. Keipp Talbot, Carlos G. Grijalva, Karen J. Wernli, Erika Kiniry, Emily T. Martin, Arnold S. Monto, Edward A. Belongia, Huong Q. McLean, Manjusha Gaglani, Mufaddal Mamawala, Mary Patricia Nowalk, Krissy Moehling Geffel, Sara Y. Tartof, Ana Florea, Justin S. Lee, Mark W. Tenforde, Manish M. Patel, Brendan Flannery
Summary: This study estimated the effectiveness of two and three doses of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines against symptomatic illness caused by the Delta and Omicron variants in US outpatient settings. The results showed that three doses of mRNA vaccines provided substantial protection against symptomatic illness when the Omicron variant became the predominant cause of COVID-19 in the United States. These findings support the recommendation for a third dose of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine.
INFLUENZA AND OTHER RESPIRATORY VIRUSES
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
W. Wyatt Wilson, Amelia A. Keaton, Lucas G. Ochoa, Kelly M. Hatfield, Paige Gable, Kelly A. Walblay, Richard A. Teran, Meghan Shea, Urooj Khan, Ginger Stringer, Joanne G. Colletti, Erin M. Grogan, Carly Calabrese, Andrew Hennenfent, Rebecca Perlmutter, Katherine A. Janiszewski, Ishrat Kamal-Ahmed, Kyle Strand, Emily Berns, Jennifer MacFarquhar, Meghan Linder, Dat J. Tran, Patricia Kopp, Rebecca M. Walker, Rebekah Ess, Jennifer S. Read, Chelsey Yingst, James Baggs, John A. Jernigan, Alex Kallen, Jennifer C. Hunter
Summary: Among nursing home outbreaks of COVID-19 with the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant as the predominant circulating strain, fully vaccinated residents had a 28% lower risk of infection compared to unvaccinated residents. Once infected, vaccinated residents had approximately half the risk of hospitalization and death from any cause compared to unvaccinated infected residents.
INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Michael L. Jackson, C. Hallie Phillips, Stacie Wellwood, Erika Kiniry, Lisa A. Jackson, Emily T. Martin, Arnold S. Monto, Huong Q. McLean, Edward A. Belongia, Manjusha Gaglani, Kayan Dunnigan, Chandni Raiyani, Kempapura Murthy, Brendan Flannery, Jessie R. Chung
Summary: This study estimated the number of influenza cases averted by vaccination in four ambulatory care sites in the United States, and it found that influenza vaccines can still reduce ambulatory care visits for influenza even in seasons with low vaccine effectiveness.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Sara Y. Tartof, Fagen Xie, Ruchi J. Yadav, Karen J. T. Wernli, Emily T. A. Martin, Edward A. Belongia, Manjusha K. Gaglani, Richard K. Zimmerman, H. Keipp Talbot, Natalie Thornburg, Brendan Flannery, US Flu VE Network Investigators
Summary: This study assessed the combined protection conferred by prior SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination against COVID-19-associated acute respiratory illness. The results showed that among previously uninfected patients, three doses of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine had an effectiveness of 97% against the Delta variant, but the effectiveness against the Omicron variant was not statistically significant. Among previously infected patients, the three-dose vaccine had a protection rate of 57% against the Omicron variant, and the effectiveness against the Delta variant could not be estimated.
INFLUENZA AND OTHER RESPIRATORY VIRUSES
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Joshua G. Petrie, Jennifer P. King, David L. McClure, Melissa A. Rolfes, Jennifer K. Meece, David Pattinson, Gabriele Neumann, Yoshihiro Kawaoka, Edward A. Belongia, Huong Q. McLean
Summary: During the circulation of the Omicron variant virus, a monovalent COVID-19 mRNA booster vaccine showed significant protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection, but the effectiveness decreased over time. A second booster did not provide significant protection for adults aged 50 and above. Encouraging the uptake of recommended bivalent boosters is advised to enhance protection against the Omicron BA.4/BA.5 sublineages.
INFLUENZA AND OTHER RESPIRATORY VIRUSES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Emily Jane Woo, Julianne Gee, Paige Marquez, James Baggs, Winston E. Abara, Michael M. McNeil, Rositsa B. Dimova, John R. Su
Summary: FDA authorized Janssen COVID-19 Vaccine for use in individuals 18 years and older. Vaccine safety was monitored using VAERS and v-safe. Most adverse events were non-serious, but a potential safety concern for myocarditis was identified.
Article
Immunology
Stephanie A. Irving, Holly C. Groom, Edward A. Belongia, Bradley Crane, Matthew F. Daley, Kristin Goddard, Lisa A. Jackson, Tia L. Kauffman, Tat'Yana A. Kenigsberg, Leslie Kuckler, Allison L. Naleway, Suchita A. Patel, Hung Fu Tseng, Josh T. B. Williams, Eric S. Weintraub
Summary: In the United States, influenza vaccination coverage increased from 2017-18 to 2019-20, then decreased to the lowest level in the 2022-23 season. The lowest coverage was observed among males, individuals aged 18-49, non-Hispanic Black people, and those without high-risk conditions.