Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Subramani Yuvaraj, Sundrasen Sasikumar, Shanavas Syed Mohamed Puhari, Tharmarajan Ramprasath, Nagarethinam Baskaran, Varadaraj Vasudevan, Govindan Sadasivam Selvam
Summary: In this study, the hypolipidemic properties of Chy and its mechanism of action in hypercholesterolemia-induced atherosclerosis were investigated. The results showed that Chy reduced oxidative stress and increased gut microbial colonization, providing a potential therapeutic approach for the prevention of hypercholesterolemia-mediated atherosclerosis.
JOURNAL OF FOOD BIOCHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Federica Mannino, Giovanni Pallio, Domenica Altavilla, Francesco Squadrito, Giovanna Vermiglio, Alessandra Bitto, Natasha Irrera
Summary: Lycopene administration reduces triglycerides and cholesterol blood levels, decreases the extent of atherosclerotic plaques, and increases Nrf-2 positivity staining in the endothelium, supporting its use to reduce atherosclerosis.
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Bchara Sidnawi, Zhen Chen, Chandra Sehgal, Sridhar Santhanam, Qianhong Wu
Summary: The study introduces a physics-based mathematical model to describe mechanotransduction during flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery. The model successfully predicts the artery's dilation and could potentially aid in detecting early stages of cardiovascular diseases.
JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Ivana Jukic, Zrinka Mihaljevic, Anita Matic, Martina Mihalj, Natasa Kozina, Kristina Selthofer-Relatic, Dubravka Mihaljevic, Akos Koller, Ivana Tartaro Bujak, Ines Drenjancevic
Summary: The study reveals that blocking AT(1)R decreases dilation of middle cerebral arteries in rats under physiological conditions, increases oxidative stress levels, and reduces antioxidant enzyme activity.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-HEART AND CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yoana Rabanal-Ruiz, Emilio Llanos-Gonzalez, Francisco Javier Alcain
Summary: CoQ10, an endogenous antioxidant, plays a crucial role in energy metabolism and antioxidant protection in cardiovascular diseases. Clinical evidence shows that CoQ10 supplementation can reduce oxidative stress, mortality from cardiovascular causes, and improve the clinical outcome of patients.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Shiva Ganjali, Reihaneh Keshavarz, Susan Hosseini, Atena Mansouri, Massimo R. Mannarino, Matteo Pirro, Tannaz Jamialahmadi, Amirhossein Sahebkar
Summary: This study revealed significant differences in oxidant/antioxidant markers between FH patients and healthy individuals, as well as between HoFH and HeFH patients. These differences may be strongly associated with plasma LDL-C levels.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Dermatology
Nazli Caf, Tugba ozkok Akbulut, Mehmet Mustafa Can, Mustafa Sari, Ayse Nilhan Atsu, Zafer Turkoglu
Summary: This study aimed to assess endothelial dysfunction in rosacea patients using the flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) method. The results showed a significant decrease in FMD values in rosacea patients compared to healthy controls. Rosacea patients also exhibited a higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome, abnormal blood pressure, and altered cell indicators. Therefore, rosacea is not restricted to skin involvement but may have systemic implications, increasing the risk of atherosclerosis.
JOURNAL OF COSMETIC DERMATOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Matthew Batty, Martin R. Bennett, Emma Yu
Summary: Atherosclerosis is a leading cause of cardiovascular diseases globally, and excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to oxidative stress is a major risk factor for its development and progression. While ROS are important for maintaining vascular health, they can also activate pro-atherogenic processes. Enzymatic sources of vascular ROS include NADPH oxidases, xanthine oxidase, etc., and antioxidant systems play a role in balancing ROS production. Changes in ROS sources and antioxidants have been observed in human atherosclerosis, and animal models have provided mechanistic insight. However, clinical trials have not yet demonstrated atheroprotective effects of antioxidant molecules.
Article
Physiology
Andrea Tryfonos, Joseph Mills, Daniel J. Green, Anton J. M. Wagenmakers, Ellen A. Dawson, Matthew Cocks
Summary: This study examined the relationships between in vivo measures of vascular function and the expression of atherogenic risk-modulating proteins in endothelial cells (ECs) isolated from the radial artery of CAD patients. The results revealed a difference in the regulation of endothelium-dependent vasodilation measured in vivo between patients with CAD compared to previously reported data in subjects without a clinical diagnosis, suggesting that eNOS Ser(1177) phosphorylation may be the key to maintain vasodilation in CAD patients.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jiangyan Liu, Qinglin Sun, Mengqi Sun, Lisen Lin, Xiaoke Ren, Tianyu Li, Qing Xu, Zhiwei Sun, Junchao Duan
Summary: This study investigated the mechanism of PM2.5-induced atherosclerosis and the protective role of melatonin. The results showed that PM2.5 exposure decreased aortic elasticity, caused dyslipidemia and oxidative damage, and increased atherosclerotic plaque area. Melatonin administration effectively alleviated macrophage M1 polarization and atherosclerosis. Further investigation revealed that NOX2 and mitochondria were prominent sources of PM2.5-induced ROS production, and melatonin inhibited NOX2-mediated crosstalk of signaling pathways, mitigating macrophage M1 polarization and foam cell formation.
FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Yanfang Yang, Ke Feng, Liying Yuan, Yuxin Liu, Mengying Zhang, Kaimin Guo, Zequn Yin, Wenjia Wang, Shuiping Zhou, He Sun, Kaijing Yan, Xijun Yan, Xuerui Wang, Yajun Duan, Yunhui Hu, Jihong Han
Summary: Heart failure is a leading cause of death worldwide. Compound Danshen Dripping Pill (CDDP) or CDDP combined with simvastatin has been widely used in China for the treatment of myocardial infarction and other cardiovascular diseases. However, the effect of CDDP on hypercholesterolemia/atherosclerosis-induced heart failure is unknown.
ACTA PHARMACEUTICA SINICA B
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Jianwei Zhang, Zicong Yang, Zhishan Liang, Mengjie Wang, Changxing Hu, Chao Chang, Lei Shi, Qingwei Ji, Ling Liu
Summary: Atherosclerosis and its sequelae are common diseases globally and the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in most countries. This study demonstrates the potential beneficial effect of recombinant SFRP4 in reducing inflammation and oxidative stress, thereby alleviating high-fat diet-induced atherosclerosis.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ignatios Ikonomidis, Konstantinos Katogiannis, Christina Chania, Nikolaos Iakovis, Maria Tsoumani, Andriana Christodoulou, Evangelia Brinia, George Pavlidis, John Thymis, Damianos Tsilivarakis, Aikaterini Kountouri, Emmanouil Korakas, Vaia Lambadiari, Filippos Triposkiadis, Leandros Skaltsounis, Ioulia Tseti, Efstathios K. K. Iliodromitis, Ioanna Andreadou
Summary: In this study, it was found that hydroxytyrosol-enriched olive oil has beneficial effects on arterial and cardiac diastolic function in patients with chronic coronary artery syndrome (CCAS), likely by reducing oxidative and inflammatory burden.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Tawanda Maurice Nyambuya, Phiwayinkosi Vusi Dludla, Vuyolwethu Mxinwa, Bongani Brian Nkambule
Summary: The study found that in patients with hypercholesterolemia, fluvastatin has an impact on the expression of DAF and NF-kB levels on T-cells, which helps to regulate inflammatory responses. Therefore, therapeutic interventions targeting complement-induced T-cell activation may be an important method for reducing atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events in individuals with hypercholesterolemia.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Guoqian Wei, Dayong Zhu, Yongtao Sun, Lan Zhang, Xian Liu, Ming Li, Jinxia Gu
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effects and underlying mechanism of azilsartan on OSS-induced endothelial dysfunction and inflammation. The results showed that azilsartan could reverse the abnormal production of inflammatory factors, oxidative stress, and adhesion molecule expression induced by OSS, possibly mediated by KLF6.
JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR TOXICOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Ophthalmology
Edoardo Trovato Battagliola, Pietro Mangiantini, Mattia D'Andrea, Mariaelena Malvasi, Lorenzo Loffredo, Sergio Zaccaria Scalinci, Anna Maria Comberiati, Raffaele Migliorini, Elena Pacella
Summary: This retrospective study shows a significant increase in myopia prevalence among Italian children aged 5-12 following the COVID-19 lockdown, accompanied by a significant decrease in hyperopia prevalence. The lifestyle changes caused by the lockdown, such as increased near-work activities and digital device use and decreased outdoor time, are known risk factors for the development and progression of myopia. Further studies in different countries are encouraged.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Francesco Violi, Vittoria Cammisotto, Simona Bartimoccia, Pasquale Pignatelli, Roberto Carnevale, Cristina Nocella
Summary: This article reviews the role of low-grade endotoxaemia in atherothrombosis, focusing on mechanisms such as gut dysbiosis and changes in gut permeability, as well as the relationship between low-grade endotoxaemia and cardiovascular events, and potential therapeutic tools.
NATURE REVIEWS CARDIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Roberto Carnevale, Vittoria Cammisotto, Simona Bartimoccia, Cristina Nocella, Valentina Castellani, Marianna Bufano, Lorenzo Loffredo, Sebastiano Sciarretta, Giacomo Frati, Antonio Coluccia, Romano Silvestri, Giancarlo Ceccarelli, Alessandra Oliva, Mario Venditti, Francesco Pugliese, Claudio Maria Mastroianni, Ombretta Turriziani, Martina Leopizzi, Giulia D'Amati, Pasquale Pignatelli, Francesco Violi
Summary: This study identified two pathways, TLR4-dependent and independent, that promote platelet-dependent thrombus growth. It suggests that inhibiting TLR4 or p47phox could be a strategy to counteract thrombosis in SARS-CoV-2.
CIRCULATION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Lorenzo Loffredo, Pasquale Pignatelli, Matteo Pirro, Giancarlo Ceccarelli, Alessandra Oliva, Enrico Maggio, Francesca Cancelli, Damiano D'Ardes, Maria Amitrano, Anna Maria Zicari, Bianca Laura Cinicola, Gloria Taliani, Roberto Cangemi, Miriam Lichtner, Marco Falcone, Federica Orlando, Francesco Pugliese, Mario Venditti, Claudio Maria Mastroianni, Francesco Violi
Summary: The P/F ratio is associated with thrombotic events in COVID-19 patients. A low P/F ratio is associated with thrombocytosis, which may lead to clot formation. This study suggests that the P/F ratio is closely related to thrombotic events in patients with COVID-19.
INTERNAL AND EMERGENCY MEDICINE
(2023)
Editorial Material
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Pasquale Pignatelli, Francesco Violi, Vittoria Cammisotto
CIRCULATION RESEARCH
(2023)
Letter
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Francesco Violi, Pasquale Pignatelli, Vittoria Cammisotto
JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cristina Nocella, Alessandra D'Amico, Vittoria Cammisotto, Simona Bartimoccia, Valentina Castellani, Lorenzo Loffredo, Leonardo Marini, Giulia Ferrara, Matteo Testa, Giulio Motta, Beatrice Benazzi, Fabio Zara, Giacomo Frati, Sebastiano Sciarretta, Pasquale Pignatelli, Francesco Violi, Roberto Carnevale
Summary: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX) is an enzyme complex that generates superoxide or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and plays a crucial role in various biological functions. Among its isoforms, NOX2 is widely expressed in different cell types and is involved in regulating immunity and pathologies associated with oxidative stress and inflammation. Modulating NOX2 activity is an important therapeutic strategy to reduce damage caused by its hyperactivation. This review analyzes the mechanisms of NOX2 activation and regulation, its role in innate immunity, pathologies associated with its hyperactivation, and the latest inhibitory strategies.
Article
Hematology
Roberto Carnevale, Martina Leopizzi, Marcello Dominici, Giulia d'Amati, Simona Bartimoccia, Cristina Nocella, Vittoria Cammisotto, Alessandra D'Amico, Valentina Castellani, Francesco Baratta, Alessia Bertelli, Alessio Arrivi, Danilo Toni, Manuela De Michele, Pasquale Pignatelli, Rossella Marcucci, Francesco Violi
Summary: Patients with vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) exhibit enhanced thrombogenesis through PAD4-mediated NETs formation via cathepsin G-mediated platelet/neutrophil interaction.
ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Antonio Guerrero, Laura del Campo, Fabio Piscaglia, Bernhard Scheiner, Guohong Han, Francesco Violi, Carlos-Noronha Ferreira, Luis Tellez, Thomas Reiberger, Stefania Basili, Javier Zamora, Agustin Albillos
Summary: This study used an individual patient data meta-analysis to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of anticoagulation in the recanalization of portal vein thrombosis in patients with cirrhosis. Anticoagulation reduces all-cause mortality, but at the expense of increasing non-portal hypertension-related bleeding.
JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Paolo Ciacci, Aurora Paraninfi, Federica Orlando, Silvia Rella, Enrico Maggio, Alessandra Oliva, Roberto Cangemi, Roberto Carnevale, Simona Bartimoccia, Vittoria Cammisotto, Alessandra D'Amico, Arianna Magna, Cristina Nocella, Claudio Maria Mastroianni, Pasquale Pignatelli, Francesco Violi, Lorenzo Loffredo
Summary: This study found that patients with COVID-19 have endothelial dysfunction, which is related to poor prognosis. The study also investigated the interplay among flow-mediated dilation (FMD), NADPH oxidase type 2 (NOX-2), and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in hospitalized patients, including those with COVID-19 pneumonia (CP), community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), and controls (CT). The results showed that COVID-19 patients had higher levels of LPS, sNOX2-dp, H2O2, TNF-α, IL-6, and zonulin, while FMD, HBA, and NO bioavailability were lower. Linear regression analysis demonstrated a negative correlation between FMD and sNOX2-dp, H2O2, TNF-α, IL-6, LPS, and zonulin, and a positive correlation with NO bioavailability and HBA. Multiple linear regression analysis identified LPS as the only predictor of FMD.
MICROVASCULAR RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Enrico Maggio, Valeria Proietti Bocchini, Roberto Carnevale, Pasquale Pignatelli, Francesco Violi, Lorenzo Loffredo
Summary: A previous study found that vitamin E is effective in reducing the incidence of myocardial infarction only when taken without other antioxidants. It is unclear if it has the same effect on stroke. This meta-analysis compares the effect of vitamin E supplementation alone or combined with other antioxidants on the incidence of stroke.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Cristina Nocella, Elena Cavarretta, Chiara Fossati, Fabio Pigozzi, Federico Quaranta, Mariangela Peruzzi, Fabrizio De Grandis, Vincenzo Costa, Carwyn Sharp, Massimo Manara, Antonia Nigro, Vittoria Cammisotto, Valentina Castellani, Vittorio Picchio, Sebastiano Sciarretta, Giacomo Frati, Simona Bartimoccia, Alessandra D'Amico, Roberto Carnevale
Summary: This study assessed intestinal permeability in elite football players and found that intense exercise can increase intestinal permeability. However, intake of cocoa polyphenols in dark chocolate can decrease intestinal permeability. In vitro experiments also showed that polyphenols can improve intestinal damage.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Vittorio Picchio, Giulio Ferrero, Claudia Cozzolino, Barbara Pardini, Erica Floris, Sonia Tarallo, Xhulio Dhori, Cristina Nocella, Lorenzo Loffredo, Giuseppe Biondi-Zoccai, Roberto Carnevale, Giacomo Frati, Isotta Chimenti, Francesca Pagano
Summary: This study defines for the first time the miRNA profile in the serum of chronic exclusive heat-not-burn cigarette smokers and suggests a significant impact of heat-not-burn cigarettes on circulating miRNAs.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2023)
Review
Hematology
Francesco Violi, Job Harenberg, Pasquale Pignatelli, Vittoria Cammisotto
Summary: COVID-19 is a pandemic characterized by severe lung disease and thrombotic events. The interactions of COVID-19 with ACE2, toll-like receptors, and infection-induced cytokine storm may contribute to clotting activation. Anticoagulants and antiplatelet treatments have shown benefits in acute and long COVID-19, but further research is needed.
THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS
(2023)
