Review
Neurosciences
Elizabeth M. C. Fisher, Linda Greensmith, Andrea Malaspina, Pietro Fratta, Michael G. Hanna, Giampietro Schiavo, Adrian M. Isaacs, Richard W. Orrell, Thomas J. Cunningham, Abraham Acevedo Arozena
Summary: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a complex disorder with mostly unknown cause, but around 10% of cases are familial and caused by mutations in over 30 different genes. Mouse models exist for many genetic forms of ALS, but there is currently no model for the majority of ALS cases that are sporadic. The development of potential therapies has primarily relied on limited mouse models and has been tested on patients with different etiologies. The use of complex mouse models and patient stratification in clinical trials has proven successful in cancer research, and adopting a similar approach could lead to better understanding of ALS pathologies and faster translation of research findings into effective therapies.
MOLECULAR NEURODEGENERATION
(2023)
Article
Rehabilitation
Mohammadreza Amiri, Hamid Esmaili, Abdul Hamid Hamad, Mohammad Alavinia, Kei Masani, Dinesh Kumbhare
Summary: This study systematically reviewed comparisons of the nociceptive flexion reflex threshold between chronic pain patients and healthy individuals, finding a significant decrease in the nociceptive flexion reflex threshold among chronic pain patients overall. Subgroup analysis revealed a more pronounced decrease in certain pain conditions, suggesting potential hyperexcitability in central nervous system processing.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE & REHABILITATION
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
David R. M. Arvidsson-Shukur, Jacob Chevalier Drori, Nicole Yunger Halpern
Summary: The Kirkwood-Dirac (KD) distribution, discovered by Kirkwood in 1933 and Dirac in 1945, has undergone a recent renaissance and is being used to study nonclassicality across quantum physics. The distribution can exhibit nonclassical behavior through negative or nonreal elements, with negative elements indicating quantum information scrambling and potential metrological advantages. Noncommutation of operators alone is not sufficient to determine the nonclassicality of the KD distribution, and this work provides sufficient conditions and quantification for understanding and potentially engineering quantum advantages.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS A-MATHEMATICAL AND THEORETICAL
(2021)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Jingyu Zhong, Junjie Lu, Guangcheng Zhang, Shiqi Mao, Haoda Chen, Qian Yin, Yangfan Hu, Yue Xing, Defang Ding, Xiang Ge, Huan Zhang, Weiwu Yao
Summary: This study provides an overview of the meta-analyses of radiomics studies, evaluating their quality and evidence level. The systematic reviews on radiomics were found to have suboptimal quality, and only a limited number of radiomics approaches were supported by convincing level of evidence.
INSIGHTS INTO IMAGING
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Alexis Harmon, Megan Jordan, Alyssa Platt, Jonathon Wilson, Kevin Keith, Shivani Chandrashekaran, Lindsay Schlichte, Jane Pendergast, David Ming
Summary: This study retrospectively examined the delivery of end-of-life care for children with complex chronic conditions and found that Black children were more likely to receive goal-discordant care. Additionally, there was a shift towards palliation in the goals of care and code status during the last 72 hours of life.
JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Rasit Asiloglu
Summary: Biochar applications have significant impacts on the soil microbial community and functionality, but studies on protists, which are an important component of eukaryotic diversity, are currently lacking.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Martin Agud, Ines de Medrano, Ana Mendez-Echevarria, Talia Sainz, Federico Roman, Guillermo Ruiz Carrascoso, Luis Escosa-Garcia, Clara Molina Amores, Francisco Jose Climent, Aroa Rodriguez, Marta Garcia-Fernandez de Villalta, Cristina Calvo
Summary: This study aimed to assess the rates of drug-resistant bacterial colonization and associated risk factors in children with complex chronic conditions admitted to a national reference unit in Spain. The results showed a low rate of nasal colonization of S. aureus and MRSA in these children, while the rate of MR-GNB colonization was high. Immunossupressive therapy, antibiotic prophylaxis, history of infections, previous surgeries, and length of hospital admission in the previous year were identified as important risk factors for MR-GNB colonization.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Joanna Thomson, Matt Hall, Katherine Nelson, Juan Carlos Flores, Brigid Garrity, Danielle D. DeCourcey, Rishi Agrawal, Denise M. Goodman, James A. Feinstein, Ryan J. Coller, Eyal Cohen, Dennis Z. Kuo, James W. Antoon, Amy J. Houtrow, Lucia Bastianelli, Jay G. Berry
Summary: The study revealed that children with NI enrolled in Medicaid have a high prevalence of multimorbidity, which develops early in life and mainly affects the respiratory and digestive organ systems.
Article
Pediatrics
Renee Jones, Harriet Hiscock, Danielle Wurzel, Kung-Ting Kao, Jeremy L. Freeman, Jemimah Ride
Summary: This study found that most parents seek help for their child's mental health from the child's general practitioner or hospital team initially. Parents see mental healthcare as part of caring for the whole child and want outpatient clinics to proactively discuss child and family mental health and provide necessary referrals.
ARCHIVES OF DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD
(2022)
Article
Surgery
Ian M. Kratzke, Jaclyn N. Portelli Tremont, Kathleen Marulanda, Taylor M. Carter, Trista D. Reid, Arielle J. Perez, Muneera R. Kapadia
Summary: Healthcare disparities curricula for surgical residents are not widely implemented, and resident preferences can inform the development of comprehensive national standards.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SURGEONS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Craig Poku, Andrew N. Ross, Adrian A. Hill, Alan M. Blyth, Ben Shipway
Summary: Aerosols play a crucial role in the fog life cycle by controlling the droplet number concentration and size. While detailed aerosol-microphysics schemes are unsuitable for forecasting and climate models, a more physically based aerosol activation scheme has been developed to accurately represent droplet formation. This new scheme has shown promising results in improving the calculation of cloud droplet number in fog modeling.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2021)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Laura J. den Hartigh, Karolline S. May, Xue-Song Zhang, Alan Chait, Martin J. Blaser
Summary: Serum amyloid A (SAA) subtypes, particularly 1-3, are markers of acute inflammation and are also implicated in chronic metabolic diseases and autoimmune diseases. The expression and function of SAA differ between acute and chronic conditions, as well as between species and genders.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2023)
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Shamez N. N. Ladhani, Gayatri Amirthalingam, Asma Khalil, Dan-Yu Lin
Summary: This study examines the hospitalization protection against the B.1.1.529 (omicron) variant of SARS-CoV-2 in children aged 5 to 11 who received the BNT162b2 vaccine and had previous infection. The study includes a small number of hospitalized children and wide confidence intervals. Four weeks after the first dose, vaccine effectiveness against omicron infection was similar between children with and without previous infection, but decreased over time.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Giulio Rivetti, Pietro Gizzone, Anna Di Sessa, Stefano Guarino, Emanuele Miraglia Del Giudice, Pierluigi Marzuillo
Summary: This review evaluates the efficacy of RAASi in treating proteinuria and CKD in children with CAKUT. While RAASi has shown effectiveness in reducing proteinuria and slowing CKD progression in many renal conditions, its efficacy in CAKUT patients is still uncertain. Therefore, a trial period of 6-12 months with gradual increase of RAASi dosage should be considered for CAKUT children with isolated proteinuria or proteinuria and CKD, and discontinuation of RAASi should be considered if no improvement in proteinuria is seen.
EXPERT REVIEW OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Allergy
Tari Haahtela
Summary: In the face of unprecedented challenges, children today need biodiversity to ensure their immune and psychological well-being. However, the advancement of technology and urbanization has caused us to become disconnected from nature. Therefore, it is important to incorporate natural elements into our daily lives for better health.
PEDIATRIC ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
