Article
Environmental Sciences
Leopold Desage, Alain Herique, Sylvain Doute, Sonia Zine, Wlodek Kofman
Summary: This paper focuses on the analysis of the first tens of meters of the Martian subsurface using the SHARAD radar. It compares the use of different high-resolution DTMs for radar simulation, namely, from the HRSC onboard Mars Express and the CTX onboard MRO. The study shows that the HRSC DTM failed to reproduce the surface echo visible on SHARAD data, and also highlights the potential artifacts in optical DTMs that can complicate radar analysis.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Pranav Rao, Barry Bradlyn
Summary: We investigate the physical implications of the viscous redundancy in two-dimensional anisotropic fluids, where different components of the viscosity tensor have identical effects. We reintroduce the redundancy and provide microscopic examples to illustrate its reflection of a lack of microscopic information. We demonstrate that fluid flow in systems with a boundary can distinguish between otherwise redundant viscosity coefficients, specifically addressing the dispersion and damping of gravity-dominated surface waves.
Article
Optics
Michael A. D. Taylor, Arkajit Mandal, Pengfei Huo
Summary: This work provides a fundamental theoretical framework for few-mode cavity quantum electrodynamics by resolving the gauge ambiguities between the Coulomb gauge and the dipole gauge Hamiltonians under the photonic mode truncation. The study proposes a general framework to resolve ambiguities for arbitrary truncation in a given gauge, and derives gauge-invariant expressions for both the Coulomb and dipole gauge Hamiltonians specifically in the case of mode truncation. Analytical and numerical results of atomic and molecular model systems coupled to the cavity are presented to demonstrate the validity of the theory.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Jayme Garcia Arnal Barbedo
Summary: Acquiring useful data in agricultural areas is challenging due to the vast and remote nature of these regions. Geographical disparities exist in data collection, leading to knowledge gaps even in well-resourced areas. Integrating information from different sensors and data types offers a potential solution, but there are still challenges to widespread adoption, particularly in complex agricultural environments.
Article
History & Philosophy Of Science
Bryce Gessell, Benjamin Geib, Felipe De Brigard
Summary: MVPA, a popular analytic method in cognitive neuroscience, is believed to offer more information than regular univariate analyses. However, this paper challenges the use of MVPA to make claims about neural representation, suggesting it is problematic.
Article
Ecology
Daubian Santos, Stephanie Sampronha, Muhsen Hammoud, Joao Paulo Gois, Charles Morphy D. Santos
Summary: A pattern-based method called SAMBA, which combines supertrees and area cladograms, is introduced to depict relationships among different areas. SAMBA is more informative and reliable than other pattern-based biogeographical methods.
JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Alexander H. K. Montoye, Bradford S. Westgate, Kimberly A. Clevenger, Karin A. Pfeiffer, Joseph D. Vondrasek, Morgan R. Fonley, Joshua M. Bock, Leonard A. Kaminsky
Summary: The study found that individually calibrated machine learning models yielded poorer accuracy compared to traditional group approaches, and models should be developed in free-living settings when possible to optimize predictive accuracy.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Haider Alhazmi, Zhongtian Dong, Li Huang, Jeong Han Kim, Kyoungchul Kong, David Shih
Summary: This study investigates the potential of deep learning in resolving the combinatorial problem in supersymmetrylike events with two invisible particles at the LHC. Using dileptonic (tt) over bar events as an example, the study demonstrates that deep learning techniques greatly improve the efficiency of selecting the correct pairing compared to existing methods based on kinematic variables, even when the underlying mass spectrum is unknown.
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Wachara Fungwacharakorn, Kanae Tsushima, Ken Satoh
Summary: The article focuses on addressing counterintuitive consequences of literal interpretations of statutes by utilizing Legal Debugging to identify problematic rule conditions and proposing an algorithm to resolve them. This approach aims to assist judges in civil law systems in resolving such consequences efficiently.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND LAW
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Polina Iamshchinina, Agnessa Karapetian, Daniel Kaiser, Radoslaw M. Cichy
Summary: This study investigates the extraction of object category information in the auditory modality, using EEG and multivariate pattern analysis. The results show that auditory object category representations can be reliably extracted from EEG signals, and that there is a similar representational transition between the auditory and visual modalities.
JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Mateusz Wozniak, Timo Torsten Schmidt, Yuan-hao Wu, Felix Blankenburg, Jakob Hohwy
Summary: This study investigates the neural substrates involved in distinguishing between self and others in the brain. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, the researchers identified specific brain regions that play a role in both perception of movement stimuli and self/other distinction.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Elyse Hill, S. Andrew Gadsden, Mohammad Biglarbegian
Summary: This article presents a new algorithm for adaptive explicit nonlinear model predictive control (eNMPC) with applications to fault tolerance. The controller's explicit solution is designed with multiple dynamic models to address plant-model mismatch, with each model weighted by a parameter variable determined by mode probabilities. The developed strategy is validated on attitude maneuvers for a nonlinear spacecraft system, showing that eNMPC benefits from weighted system models and achieves similar levels of tracking error to standard controllers.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Corrado Corradi-Dell'Acqua, Christoph Hofstetter, Gil Sharvit, Olivier Hugli, Patrik Vuilleumier
Summary: Medical students and healthcare providers often underestimate patients' pain, and the neural responses to pain information in the anterior insula (AI) is decreased. Two experiments were conducted to investigate the impact of healthcare experience on the brain reactivity to others' pain, emotions, and beliefs. The results showed that healthcare experience reduced the activity in AI in response to others' suffering, specifically for pain-related stimuli.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Andreia Fortuna, Paulo J. Costa
Summary: This study assessed the impact of three off-center point-charge (EP) models on the prediction of hydration free energies. The results showed that using certain EP models led to a slight improvement in the prediction of hydration free energies, especially for chlorinated compounds. However, this improvement was not related to the formation of halogen bonds but rather to the improvement in hydrogen bond sampling. The choice of EP model was particularly important for iodinated molecules, with compounds possessing a larger sigma-hole showing some improvement in prediction, while weaker XB donors showed significantly worse results.
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL INFORMATION AND MODELING
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
N. Laporte, R. S. Ellis, C. E. C. Witten, G. Roberts-Borsani
Summary: Early JWST spectroscopic campaigns have confirmed the presence of strong [O III] line-emitting galaxies in the redshift interval 7 < z < 9. Some studies have suggested that the photometric excesses attributed to [O III] emission could be caused by Balmer breaks from older stars. By utilizing medium-band near-infrared JWST photometry in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field, we have located six galaxies with redshifts 8.2, supporting the possibility of older stars causing the observed photometric excesses.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Yi-Jie Zhao, Kendrick N. Kay, Yonghong Tian, Yixuan Ku
Summary: This study measured brain activity using fMRI and found encoding and tuning characteristics of visual working memory in the visual cortex. The results support the sensory recruitment hypothesis and extend it to the ipsilateral sensory areas.
Article
Neurosciences
Francis X. Shen, Susan M. Wolf, Supriya Bhavnani, Sean Deoni, Jed T. Elison, Damien Fair, Michael Garwood, Michael S. Gee, Sairam Geethanath, Kendrick Kay, Kelvin O. Lim, Georgia Lockwood Estrin, Monica Luciana, David Peloquin, Karen Rommelfanger, Nicoline Schiess, Khan Siddiqui, Efrain Torres, J. Thomas Vaughan
Summary: The use of smaller, more affordable, and more portable MRI brain scanners for field-based neuroimaging research in remote and resource-limited international settings has the potential to address health disparities, expand knowledge of brain development and disorders, and improve clinical diagnosis and treatment globally. Integration of local communities and research participants throughout the research process is crucial for creating sustained local value in ethical and legal guidance for field-based MRI research.
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Michael J. Arcaro, Margaret S. Livingstone, Kendrick N. Kay, Kevin S. Weiner
Summary: The study found significant differences in cortical folding of primate brains across species, especially in terms of anatomical landmarks and functional organization relative to the primary visual cortex (V1 region). This suggests a species-specific correspondence between retinotopic representation and cortical folding, indicating potential differences in developmental and experiential constraints among different primate species.
BRAIN STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Emily J. Allen, Juraj Mesik, Kendrick N. Kay, Andrew J. Oxenham
Summary: Tonotopy, an orderly mapping of frequency, is observed throughout the auditory system. Studies have shown evidence for pitch tuning in certain cortical regions that partially overlap with traditional tonotopic maps of spectral content.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Emily J. Allen, Ghislain St-Yves, Yihan Wu, Jesse L. Breedlove, Jacob S. Prince, Logan T. Dowdle, Matthias Nau, Brad Caron, Franco Pestilli, Ian Charest, J. Benjamin Hutchinson, Thomas Naselaris, Kendrick Kay
Summary: The Natural Scenes Dataset (NSD) collected neural activity data during rich cognitive phenomena and built deep neural network models that predict brain activity more accurately than state-of-the-art computer vision models. The dataset also includes resting-state and diffusion data, providing new perspectives for the study of perception and memory models.
NATURE NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Zijin Gu, Keith Wakefield Jamison, Meenakshi Khosla, Emily J. Allen, Yihan Wu, Thomas Naselaris, Kendrick Kay, Mert R. Sabuncu, Amy Kuceyeski
Summary: NeuroGen is a novel computational strategy that combines an fMRI-trained neural encoding model with a deep generative network to synthesize images predicted to achieve a target brain activation pattern. By reducing noise and creating high-fidelity images, NeuroGen enables robust discovery in visual neuroscience. It can detect and amplify differences in regional and individual brain response patterns, and even create synthetic images with response patterns not achievable by natural images.
Article
Neurosciences
Jan W. Kurzawski, Omer Faruk Gulban, Keith Jamison, Jonathan Winawer, Kendrick Kay
Summary: In this study, three neuroimaging datasets were reanalyzed, and it was found that there is a significant difference in the magnitude of the BOLD response in different locations of the primary visual cortex (V1). This difference may be related to the thickness, curvature, depth, and vascularization of the cortex. After correction, the difference in BOLD response decreased by half, suggesting that some of the differences may not be caused by neural activity.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kendrick Kay
Summary: This paper highlights the possibility that denoising methods may introduce bias and lead to incorrect scientific inferences, through reviewing basic statistical concepts and conducting simple simulations, emphasizing the importance of considering bias when applying denoising methods.
Article
Neurosciences
Noah C. Benson, Jennifer M. D. Yoon, Dylan Forenzo, Stephen A. Engel, Kendrick N. Kay, Jonathan Winawer
Summary: This study quantifies individual differences in the functionally defined structure of early visual areas in the human cortex, revealing that the surface areas of V1, V2, and V3 vary more than threefold across individuals, with little change when normalized by the surface area of the entire cerebral cortex. Furthermore, visual areas vary in their sampling of the visual field, with substantial differences in the cortical magnification function among individuals. The findings from twin comparisons suggest a strong influence of shared genes and environment on visual area size and structure.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Thomas J. Vanasse, Melanie Boly, Emily J. Allen, Yihan Wu, Thomas Naselaris, Kendrick Kay, Chiara Cirelli, Giulio Tononi
Summary: In this study, the brain mechanisms of image recognition and memory consolidation were investigated using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and the Natural Scenes Dataset. The results showed that both the medial temporal lobe (MTL) and visual cortex were involved in early- and late-stage image recognition. The findings supported the multiple-trace theory (MTT) and suggested that synaptic desaturation plays a role in memory consolidation. The study also revealed that consolidation mechanisms improve the specificity of distributed traces.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Zvi N. Roth, Kendrick Kay, Elisha P. Merriam
Summary: This study investigates whether orientation-selectivity is discernable via fMRI through analyzing a public dataset of responses to natural scenes using neurally-inspired image-computable models. It demonstrates that orientation-selective BOLD responses reflect multiple distinct computations and reveals a coarse-scale map of orientation preference that may constitute the neural basis for known perceptual anisotropies.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ian M. L. Pennock, Chris Racey, Emily J. Allen, Yihan Wu, Thomas Naselaris, Kendrick N. Kay, Anna Franklin, Jenny M. Bosten
Summary: Color-biased regions in the ventral visual pathway play a crucial role in object recognition. Through analyzing a large MRI dataset, we found diverging color-biased regions that are adjacent to face-selective areas, exhibiting specific response patterns.
Article
Neurosciences
Omer Faruk Gulban, Saskia Bollmann, Laurentius (Renzo) Huber, Konrad Wagstyl, Rainer Goebel, Benedikt A. Poser, Kendrick Kay, Dimo Ivanov
Summary: This study provides a dataset of measured T 2* values in the living human brain using 7 Tesla MRI at a mesoscopic scale. The dataset includes visualizations that reveal fine-scale cortical substructures and demonstrates consistent T * 2 values across subjects. This dataset is important for anatomical investigations of the human brain and improving our understanding of the T 2*-weighted (f)MRI signal.
Article
Biology
Jacob S. Prince, Ian Charest, Jan W. Kurzawski, John A. Pyles, Michael J. Tarr, Kendrick N. Kay
Summary: Advances in artificial intelligence have led to a paradigm shift in human neuroscience, allowing for the use of large-scale fMRI datasets to obtain high-resolution brain responses to naturalistic visual stimuli. However, achieving sufficient signal-to-noise ratio has been a challenge due to the short stimulus durations and limited repetitions. Researchers have addressed this challenge by introducing GLMsingle, a scalable and user-friendly toolbox that accurately estimates single-trial fMRI responses.
Review
Neurosciences
Kendrick Kay, Kathryn Bonnen, Rachel N. Denison, Mike J. Arcaro, David L. Barack
Summary: This article discusses how an observer's task influences the processing of sensory inputs and proposes a framework for formally incorporating tasks into our models of vision.
