Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Sofia Fernandez-Ciganda, Martin Fraga, Pablo Zunino
Summary: The study evaluated changes in the fecal microbiota of calves after the administration of two probiotic lactobacilli strains, finding that modulation of the intestinal microbiota is a potential mechanism behind the beneficial effects of these probiotic strains.
PROBIOTICS AND ANTIMICROBIAL PROTEINS
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Marek Ratvaj, Ivana Cingel'ova Maruscakova, Peter Popelka, Adriana Feckaninova, Jana Koscova, Natalia Chomova, Jan Mares, Ondrej Maly, Rudolf Zitnan, Martin Faldyna, Dagmar Mudronova
Summary: This study found that the use of probiotics in salmonid aquaculture can enhance disease resistance. The researchers developed a new, low-cost application method for rapidly revitalizing probiotic bacteria. The continuous application stabilizes the gut microbiota without excessive immune stimulation, while the cyclic application provides an opportunity for immune system activation in periods of stress.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
M. L. Shawn Bates, Keith A. Trujillo
Summary: The study investigated the acute response and long-term effects of repeated exposure to non-medical dextromethorphan (DXM) use during adolescence on adult behavior. The locomotor stimulant effect of DXM was stronger in adolescents compared to adults, and only adolescent rats showed locomotor sensitization after 10 days of DXM administration. Cross-sensitization to ketamine was evident in adolescent-treated rats. DXM also led to an increase in perseverative errors in reversal learning specifically in the adolescent-treated group. These findings suggest that repeated DXM use during adolescence may contribute to addiction and cognitive deficits.
PHARMACOLOGY BIOCHEMISTRY AND BEHAVIOR
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Joachim Labenz, Daniela-Patricia Borkenstein, Franz Josef Heil, Ahmed Madisch, Ulrich Tappe, Harald Schmidt, Birgit Terjung, Ingeborg Klymiuk, Angela Horvath, Manfred Gross, Vanessa Stadlbauer
Summary: After decades of research, cancer remains a major challenge in medical research, and colorectal cancer is one of the most common types. Although colonoscopy is a life-saving examination for preventing CRC, its unpleasant side effects and impact on gut microbiome have hindered its acceptance. However, a 30-day intervention with a multi-species probiotic formulation was found to significantly reduce the adverse events caused by bowel preparation and improve patient comfort.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Yuko Ishii, Orie Muta, Tomohiro Teshima, Nayuta Hirasima, Minayu Odaka, Taiki Fushimi, Yasuyuki Fujii, Naomi Osakabe
Summary: The study demonstrated that flavan 3-ol (FLs) may induce browning of adipose tissue in mice by activating the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), leading to increased expression of uncoupling protein (Ucp)-1 and thermogenic transcriptome factors. This effect was confirmed by a marked increase in urinary catecholamine (CA) levels, suggesting enhanced SNS activity.
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Lei Chen, Xia Qiu, Abigail Dupre, Oscar Pellon-Cardenas, Xiaojiao Fan, Xiaoting Xu, Prateeksha Rout, Katherine D. Walton, Joseph Burclaff, Ruolan Zhang, Wenxin Fang, Rachel Ofer, Alexandra Logerfo, Kiranmayi Vemuri, Sheila Bandyopadhyay, Jianming Wang, Gaetan Barbet, Yan Wang, Nan Gao, Ansu O. Perekatt, Wenwei Hu, Scott T. Magness, Jason R. Spence, Michael P. Verzi
Summary: This study identified the role of TGFB signaling in intestinal regeneration following injury. TGFB1 was found to induce fetal-like transcriptional signature and enhance the regenerative response in the epithelium. Additionally, TGFB1 treatment enhanced the ability of primary epithelial cultures to engraft into damaged murine colon, suggesting potential for cellular therapy.
Review
Cell Biology
Benjamin Anderschou Holbech Jensen, Marc Heyndrickx, Daisy Jonkers, Alan Mackie, Sam Millet, Malwina Naghibi, Simone Isling Paerregaard, Bruno Pot, Delphine Saulnier, Christian Sina, Luc Gerardus Willibrordus Sterkman, Pieter Van den Abbeele, Naomi Vita Venlet, Erwin G. Zoetendal, Arthur Constantijn Ouwehand
Summary: This article provides a detailed review of how physiological and anatomical differences between the small and large intestine affect the composition, function, and plasticity of the gut microbiota, highlighting the importance of understanding these differences for manipulation of the gut microbiota.
CELL REPORTS MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jaime Sanchez-Meza, Marina Campos-Valdez, Jose Alfredo Dominguez-Rosales, Juliana Marisol Godinez-Rubi, Sarai Citlalic Rodriguez-Reyes, Erika Martinez-Lopez, Guillermo M. Zuniga-Gonzalez, Laura Veronica Sanchez-Orozco
Summary: This study analyzed the biochemical, histological, and gene expression alterations induced by chronic administration of diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) in wistar rats. The treated group showed significant increases in total cholesterol, HDL-C, AST, ALT, ALKP, and GGT levels, as well as histological changes in the liver and lung. Gene expression analysis revealed significant differences in genes related to fibrosis, inflammation, apoptosis, cell growth, angiogenesis, lipid metabolism, and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). These findings highlight the heterogeneity of hepatocellular carcinoma and demonstrate the characteristic alterations induced by DEN+2-AAF in Wistar rats.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Cuijiao Feng, Weiqin Zhang, Tao Zhang, Bohai Li, Qiuwen He, Lai-Yu Kwok, Heping Zhang
Summary: This study found that oral administration of pasteurized probiotic fermented milk can significantly alleviate IBD symptoms, reduce inflammation, and restore the stability of the gut microbiota.
JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
E. P. G. Vazi, F. Holanda, N. A. Santos, C. Cardoso, M. F. M. Martins, E. F. Bondan
Summary: The study found that MTX induced astroglial and microglial reactions, leading to responses in multiple areas of the central nervous system. In the MTX5 group, this appeared to occur in the presence of decreased proinflammatory cytokines.
RESEARCH IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Jack Jansma, Nicola U. U. Thome, Markus Schwalbe, Anastasia Chrysovalantou Chatziioannou, Somayah S. S. Elsayed, Gilles P. P. van Wezel, Pieter van den Abbeele, Saskia van Hemert, Sahar El Aidy
Summary: The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in health and disease. Probiotics have shown potential as microbiota-targeted therapies to improve host health, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well understood. This study investigated the effects of a probiotic formula on the small intestinal microbiota and identified significant changes in pathobionts, nutrient utilization, and metabolites. The findings highlight the potential of network theory in identifying and improving microbiota-targeted therapies.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Urszula Cegiela, Piotr Londzin, Aleksandra Janas, Maria Pytlik, Joanna Folwarczna
Summary: This study investigated the effects of azithromycin (AZM) administered alone or with probiotic bacteria (Lactobacillus rhamnosus; LR) on bones in estrogen-deficient rats. The results showed that LR or AZM may have positive effects on certain skeletal parameters of estrogen-deficient rats.
Article
Biology
Alberto J. Lopez, Amy R. Johnson, Tanner J. Euston, Rashaun Wilson, Suzanne O. Nolan, Lillian J. Brady, Kimberly C. Thibeault, Shannon J. Kelly, Veronika Kondev, Patrick Melugin, M. Gunes Kutlu, Emily Chuang, TuKiet T. Lam, Drew D. Kiraly, Erin S. Calipari
Summary: Gender plays a critical role in defining drug-induced plasticity in the nucleus accumbens, with cocaine administration capable of rewriting basal proteomic function and reward-associated behaviors. The differential effects on protein expression between males and females eliminate sex differences observed under basal conditions.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Tae Hong Kang, Kyung Soo Kang, Sang In Lee
Summary: Research has found that DON can induce apoptosis in intestinal epithelial cells through the FOXO3a-signaling pathway, leading to the translocation of FOXO3a into the nucleus. Inhibiting FOXO3a can alleviate apoptosis and the expression of apoptosis-related genes. Additionally, treatment with an ERK1/2 inhibitor can suppress the translocation of FOXO3a into the nucleus.
Article
Cell Biology
Simon Yuan Wang, Kathleen Kim, Zach Klapholz O'Brown, Aileen Levan, Anne Elizabeth Dodson, Scott G. Kennedy, Chaim Chernoff, Eric Lieberman Greer
Summary: Research reveals that exposure to hypoxia in ancestors can lead to reduced lipids and fertility in the descendants reared in normoxia. The transmission of these phenotypic consequences is dependent on histone-modifying enzymes and argonaute HRDE-1. Additionally, small RNAs can be transmitted from parents to their naïve children, resulting in fertility defects.
