Article
Oceanography
Oliver Knebel, Carlos Carvajal, Christopher D. Standish, Elwyn de la Vega, Thomas B. Chalk, Emma J. Ryan, Weifu Guo, Murray Ford, Gavin L. Foster, Paul Kench
Summary: Coral resilience to ocean acidification is largely determined by the physiological control corals have over their calcifying fluid carbonate chemistry. A study on a Porites colony on Kiritimati Island in the equatorial central Pacific showed that calcifying fluid pH is primarily regulated by seawater temperature, with diurnal variability in seawater pH on the reef flat having only limited impact on coral calcifying fluid pH.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Peng Jin, Jiaofeng Wan, Jiale Zhang, Sebastian Overmans, Mengting Xiao, Mengcheng Ye, Xiaoying Dai, Jingyuan Zhao, Kunshan Gao, Jianrong Xia
Summary: The study found that ocean acidification and ultraviolet radiation mainly exhibit additive stressor interactions on marine primary producers. Different sizes of algae show variations in interaction type frequencies, while the effects of high UVR on OA are amplified or mitigated depending on the duration.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
L. M. Claxton, H. L. O. McClelland, M. Hermoso, R. E. M. Rickaby
Summary: Coccolithophores, a type of unicellular calcifying phytoplankton, have been found to have higher calcification-to-carbon fixation ratios during the warm Eocene period. This may have played a role in positively feedbacking the reduction of atmospheric CO2 levels. This finding challenges the current understanding that decreasing p(CO)(2) leads to reduced calcification.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yingjun Sun, Wenshu Zhang, Qinghua Zhang, Yingjie Li, Lin Gu, Shaojun Guo
Summary: High-entropy alloys (HEAs) have great potential for efficient catalyst discovery. We report a method for constructing atomic-thick Pt-based HEA nanowires (NWs) with multiple components. The key points in forming a uniform HEA single-phase solid solution are the initial formation of Pt NWs and the nucleation rate of other transition metals. Our method can synthesize 26 kinds of multimetallic NWs, including 17 HEAs. The high-entropy design introduces lattice distortion, altering the strain distribution and electronic structure, enabling the HEA NWs to exhibit outstanding catalytic performance in hydrogen oxidation and evolution reactions.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Poowadon Chaiin, Jakarwan Yostaworakul, Chompoonut Rungnim, Pongtanawat Khemthong, Teerapong Yata, Suwimon Boonrungsiman
Summary: A nanoemulsion with specific surface properties can initiate the deposition of calcium phosphate on its surface, leading to formation of CaP nanoparticles with a lipid core. The lipid core can carry lipophilic compounds based on the function of the nanoemulsion, allowing for a dual purpose nanoemulsion of lipid nanoparticles exhibiting self-calcifying and carrier abilities.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENERAL SUBJECTS
(2022)
Editorial Material
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
David A. Resto, Peter Sang Uk Park, Thomas J. Werner, Poul F. Hoilund-Carlsen, Abass Alavi
Summary: This report presents a case of incidentally detected calcifying uterine leiomyoma using F-18-NaF PET/CT scans in a postmenopausal 61-year-old woman, with a follow-up image 2 years later. The findings highlight the potential of F-18-NaF in monitoring both the molecular and structural progression of uterine leiomyomas.
CLINICAL NUCLEAR MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Steeve Comeau, Christopher E. Cornwall, Tom Shlesinger, Mia Hoogenboom, Ralph Mana, Malcolm T. McCulloch, Riccardo Rodolfo-Metalpa
Summary: This study examines multiple coral species from two CO2 seeps in Papua New Guinea to assess their ability to control their calcifying fluid chemistry. The researchers find that corals living in low but highly variable pH environments have a greater ability to maintain constant CF pH. However, corals with limited pH reduction in less variable low pH seawater tend to be more abundant at the seep sites. The findings suggest a potential association between ecological success and greater pH homeostasis, but more research is needed.
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Karin Kvale, Wolfgang Koeve, Nadine Mengis
Summary: The impact of calcifying phytoplankton on atmospheric CO2 concentration varies in icehouse and greenhouse climates, with a greater compensating effect observed in the latter. The study shows that the response of atmospheric temperature to removing ocean soft-tissue production and calcification is weaker in a greenhouse climate due to radiative forcing dependency on CO2. This decoupling of carbon cycle and temperature sensitivities can explain the enhanced climate stability and destabilization of the carbonate compensation depth in greenhouse climates.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ruijun Su, Xiaoting Jin, Wenjing Zhao, Xiaoying Wu, Feihong Zhai, Zhuoyu Li
Summary: Atmospheric exposure to PM2.5 significantly contributes to the incidence and mortality of cardiovascular disease. This study reveals that PM2.5 promotes vascular calcification by enhancing hydroxyapatite deposition and activating the OPG/RANKL pathway. ROS generation induced by PM2.5 plays a crucial role in this process, and rutin effectively prevents vascular calcification by regulating the OPG/RANKL pathway.
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
(2022)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Rosie M. Sheward, Justin D. Liefer, Andrew J. Irwin, Zoe V. Finkel
Summary: The elemental composition (C:N:P ratio) of marine microorganisms is important for understanding marine ecosystem functions. The stoichiometry of Emiliania huxleyi, a significant phytoplankton species, varies under different environmental conditions. Nutrient limitation causes strong shifts in stoichiometry, while light, temperature, and pCO(2) have more moderate effects. Climate change is expected to significantly alter the role of E. huxleyi in marine ecosystems.
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Saravanan Sekaran, Selvaraj Vimalraj, Lakshmi Thangavelu
Summary: TNAP is an essential enzyme involved in skeletal tissue mineralization and dephosphorylation of various physiological substrates. It plays vital roles in neuronal development, detoxification, anti-inflammatory processes, bile pH regulation, and maintaining the blood brain barrier. Understanding the mechanisms mediated by TNAP is crucial for minimizing off targeted effects and improving various pathological scenarios.
Article
Limnology
Mildred Jessica Johnson, Laura Margarethe Hennigs, Yvonne Sawall, Christian Pansch, Marlene Wall
Summary: This study investigates the effects of pH fluctuations caused by biological activities on calcifying epibionts in the context of ocean acidification. The results suggest that epibionts display high robustness under constant or fluctuating pH conditions, and growth may be hindered on active surfaces. Other factors besides pH, such as surface characteristics and nutrient concentrations, may play a larger role in epibiont growth.
LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY
(2021)
Article
Biology
Jian Yang, Meiyan Wang, Jing Yang, Zhiqiang Chu, Xueling Chen, Xiangwei Wu, Xinyu Peng
Summary: The calcifying nanoparticles (CNPs) play a critical role in the calcification process of the outer cyst wall in hepatic cystic echinococcosis (HCE) and promote the decay of the disease. Treatment with CNPs induces the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and cellular calcium ion deposition, promoting apoptosis and inhibiting cell growth.
OPEN LIFE SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Marine
Louise P. Cameron, Claire E. Reymond, Jelle Bijma, Janina Buescher, Dirk De Beer, Maxence Guillermic, Robert A. Eagle, John Gunnell, Fiona Mueller-Lundin, Gertraud M. Schmidt-Grieb, Isaac Westfield, Hildegard Westphal, Justin B. Ries
Summary: This study investigates the complex responses of corals to global change. The results suggest that tropical corals exhibit a reduced calcification response to increased pCO(2) when they lose their symbionts under high-temperature treatments. In contrast, a cold-water coral shows a negative calcification response to increasing pCO(2), which is partially alleviated under elevated temperature. All corals are able to elevate the pH of their calcifying fluid under increased pCO(2).
JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Mariko Iijima, Jun Yasumoto, Kanami Mori-Yasumoto, Mina Yasumoto-Hirose, Akira Iguchi, Atsushi Suzuki, Nanami Mizusawa, Mitsuru Jimbo, Shugo Watabe, Ko Yasumoto
Summary: This study investigated the transfer pathway of phosphate and its inhibitory effect on coral calcification using a novel probe FITC-AA, providing important insights into the molecular mechanisms involved.
MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
