Review
Clinical Neurology
Lisa R. R. Sun, John K. Lynch
Summary: While rare, stroke in infants and children is a significant cause of mortality and chronic morbidity in the pediatric population. Advances in neuroimaging and stroke care protocols have improved the ability to diagnose and determine the causes of stroke in children. Recent therapeutic developments allow for targeted stroke prevention in high-risk conditions, but important knowledge gaps remain.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anant Naik, Olufunmilola Adeleye, Stefan W. Koester, Ethan A. Winkler, Joelle N. Hartke, Katherine Karahalios, Sandra Mihaljevic, Anupama Rani, Sudhanshu Raikwar, Jarrod D. Rulney, Shashvat M. Desai, Lea Scherschinski, Andrew F. Ducruet, Felipe C. Albuquerque, Michael T. Lawton, Joshua S. Catapano, Ashutosh P. Jadhav, Ruchira M. Jha
Summary: Despite the high incidence and burden of stroke, biological biomarkers are not routinely used for diagnosing, determining progression, or predicting outcomes of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). However, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shows potential as a valuable source for biomarker development due to its direct interface with neural tissue. This systematic review identified 21 biomarkers and other multiomic proteomic markers, including S100B, inflammatory markers, and free fatty acids, that have been studied frequently. CSF has been shown to be an effective medium for acquiring biomarkers for AIS, although more large-scale trials studying the efficacy of biomarkers in altering clinical management are still needed.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
MinJung Jang, SoHyun Han, HyungJoon Cho
Summary: This study quantitatively measured CSF flow and volume using MRI and observed the changes in CSF dynamics through Monte Carlo simulations. Longitudinal monitoring showed a strong positive correlation between CSF peak velocity and diffusion signals, and a positive correlation between ventricular CSF volume and D* in lateral and ventral-third ventricles.
JOURNAL OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND METABOLISM
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Inga Zerr
Summary: The diagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease has evolved to include the detection of 14-3-3 protein and abnormally folded prion protein in cerebrospinal fluid, with nearly 100% sensitivity and specificity.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Renee M. Barber, Simon R. Platt, Luisa De Risio, Jamie Barber, Kelsey R. Robinson
Summary: This study evaluated the levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in dogs with stroke and found that CXCL1 and MCP-1 concentrations were significantly elevated, suggesting their potential role in canine stroke and future research targets.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Eun Chae Lee, Tae Won Ha, Dong-Hun Lee, Dong-Yong Hong, Sang-Won Park, Ji Young Lee, Man Ryul Lee, Jae Sang Oh
Summary: Stroke is a leading cause of death and neurological disorders globally, but diagnostic techniques and treatments are limited for certain types. Recent studies have focused on the clinical value of utilizing exosome mechanisms and reported changes in diagnostic biomarkers of exosomes after stroke, as well as their potential applications in therapeutics.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Hongfeng Wen, Di Jin, Lina Cai, Tao Wu, Haichao Liu
Summary: Neurobrucellosis can present symptoms similar to stroke and transverse myelitis. It is a treatable infectious disease that should be considered in differential diagnosis, especially when there are risk factors.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Liang Jiang, Chuanyang Zhang, Siyu Wang, Zhongping Ai, Tingwen Shen, Hong Zhang, Shaofeng Duan, Xindao Yin, Yu-Chen Chen
Summary: This study applied MRI radiomics features to predict edema after acute ischemic stroke. By extracting features from infarction and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and developing models with two different feature sets, the Bayesian model based on DWI + CSFFLAIR and the random forest model based on DWI + CSFDWI showed the best performance and stability.
FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Lucas Ivan Sebastian Rundblad, Helle K. Iversen, Anders S. West
Summary: This review aimed to assess the prevalence of pleocytosis in the cerebrospinal fluid following ischemic stroke without inflammatory or infectious etiology. The results showed that the prevalence of pleocytosis ranged from 0% to 28.6% with a mean of 11.8%. The study indicated that pleocytosis following ischemic stroke is uncommon and should prompt further investigations.
JOURNAL OF THE NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Michelle C. Johansen
Summary: Accurate determination and diagnosis of ischemic stroke are crucial for providing excellent cerebrovascular care. It helps initiate appropriate prevention strategies, educate patients about specific risk factors, and predict patient outcomes. It also provides an opportunity for patients to participate in research studies and targeted treatments. Advances in research, imaging techniques, biomarkers, and genetic sequencing have challenged the traditional classification of stroke, leading to the identification of new entities and limitations in current diagnostic algorithms. This article reviews the steps for accurate classification and discusses emerging research and future directions in stroke diagnostics and classification.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kornelia Laichinger, Paula Bombach, Jutta Duenschede, Christoph Ruschil, Maria-Ioanna Stefanou, Evelyn Dubois, Sven Poli, Katharina Feil, Ulf Ziemann, Markus Kowarik, Annerose Mengel
Summary: In this study, the prevalence of intrathecal IgG synthesis and B cell activation in AIS patients was determined. It was found that 5.7% of patients had intrathecal IgG synthesis, and one third of these patients had concurrent chronic inflammatory CNS disease. No significant correlation was found with stroke characteristics.
Review
Immunology
Jeanne Bigot, Jordan Leroy, Taieb Chouaki, Laurence Cholley, Naike Bige, Marie-Dominique Tabone, Eolia Brissot, Sophie Thorez, Julien Maizel, Herve Dupont, Boualem Sendid, Christophe Hennequin, Juliette Guitard
Summary: This study assessed the value of beta 1,3-D-glucan (BDG) detection in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of non-neonatal non-cryptococcosis patients. The results showed that the sensitivity of BDG assay in diagnosing proven/highly probable/probable FI-CNS ranged from 72.7% to 100%, and the specificity was found to be 81.8%. Despite its sub-optimal performance, BDG assay should be added to the diagnostic armamentarium for FI-CNS.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Ignacio Alvarez, Monica Diez-Fairen, Miquel Aguilar, Jose Manuel Gonzalez, Montse Ysamat, Juan Pablo Tartari, Maria Carcel, Alvaro Alonso, Britta Brix, Philipp Arendt, Pau Pastor
Summary: By analyzing the accuracy of cerebrospinal fluid markers for Alzheimer disease (AD) and their impact on disease progression, it was found that combination of emerging/core AD markers can improve AD diagnosis, predict the conversion from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) into AD, and forecast a faster progression of dementia.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Frans Kauw, Marie Louise E. Bernsen, Jan W. Dankbaar, Hugo W. A. M. de Jong, L. Jaap Kappelle, Birgitta K. Velthuis, H. Bart van der Worp, Aad van der Lugt, Yvo B. W. E. M. Roos, Lonneke S. F. Yo, Marianne A. A. van Walderveen, Jeannette Hofmeijer, Edwin Bennink
Summary: Adding the CSF/ICV ratio improves the predictive model for the occurrence of malignant edema after endovascular treatment.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STROKE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Martin W. Huemmert, Konstantin F. Jendretzky, Karin Fricke, Marina Gingele, Dominica Ratuszny, Nora Moehn, Corinna Trebst, Thomas Skripuletz, Stefan Gingele, Kurt-Wolfram Suehs
Summary: The presence of intrathecal anti-NMDAR-specific IgG synthesis can contribute to the diagnostic confirmation of anti-NMDAR encephalitis, but a positive NMDAR AI alone is not sufficient for the diagnosis. A negative antibody-specific index for anti-NMDAR IgG antibodies has a highly negative predictive value for the diagnosis of anti-NMDAR encephalitis.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Ani Gok, Seha Kamil Saygili, Sebuh Kurugoglu, Sema Saltik, Nur Canpolat
Summary: This study examines the occurrence of nephrolithiasis in children with type 1 SMA and identifies hypercalciuria and high urine specific gravity as common risk factors. The study suggests that children with SMA type 1 may have an increased risk of nephrolithiasis compared to the general population.
PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY
(2024)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Glenn S. Rivera, Jesse A. Stokum, Janet Dean, Cristina L. Sadowsky, Allan J. Belzberg, Matthew J. Elrick
Summary: This study evaluated the surgical efficacy of nerve transfer surgery in patients with acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) and found that preoperative clinical and neurophysiological data play a valuable role in preoperative planning and patient selection. The postoperative outcomes demonstrated that nerve transfer surgery is an effective strategy to restore strength.
PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY
(2024)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Tristan T. Sands, Jennifer N. Gelinas
Summary: This review explores the concept of epileptic encephalopathy (EE) in pediatric epilepsy, discussing the potential impact of epileptic activity on normal brain development and mechanisms underlying cognitive and behavioral impairments. The findings highlight the threat of epileptic activity to normal brain physiology and development.
PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY
(2024)
Editorial Material
Clinical Neurology
Grace Gombolay, Melissa A. Walker
PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY
(2024)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Salman Rashid, Monisha Goyal, Kathryn Lalor, Khaled Al-Robaidi, Vivek Shukla, Fazlur Rahman, Manimaran Ramani
Summary: This study investigated the seizure risk in asymptomatic preterm infants with high-grade intraventricular hemorrhage who underwent long-term video electroencephalographic monitoring. The findings showed that approximately 16% of these infants had seizures, and those with seizures were younger and more likely to be remonitored.
PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY
(2024)
Letter
Clinical Neurology
Bernadeta Zabielska, Natalia Rzewuska, Sergiusz Jozwiak
PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY
(2024)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Kelly C. Burk, Maki Kaneko, Catherine Quindipan, My H. Vu, Maritza Feliz Cepin, Jonathan D. Santoro, Michele Van Hirtum-Das, Deborah Holder, Gordana Raca
Summary: This study compared the diagnostic yields of chromosomal microarray (CMA) and epilepsy-genes sequencing (EGS) for genetic epilepsy etiologies. It found that EGS had a significantly higher diagnostic yield than CMA, especially for patients with infantile seizure onset and additional neurological findings.
PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY
(2024)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Ursula Thome, Larissa A. Batista, Renata P. Rocha, Vera C. Terra, Ana Paula A. Hamad, Americo C. Sakamoto, Antonio C. Santos, Marcelo Santos, Helio R. Machado
Summary: Rasmussen encephalitis (RE) is a characterized by pharmacoresistant epilepsy and progressive neurological deficits. Surgical disconnection of the affected hemisphere is considered the treatment of choice, although the precise etiology is still unknown. This study reports the clinical, electrographic, and neuroimaging features of children and adolescents who underwent hemispheric surgery (HS) for the treatment of RE.
PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY
(2024)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Michal Tzadok, Rotem Gur-Pollack, Hadar Florh, Yael Michaeli, Tal Gilboa, Mirit Lezinger, Eli Heyman, Veronika Chernuha, Irina Gudis, Andreea Nissenkorn, Tally Lerman-Sagie, Bruria Ben Zeev, Shimrit Uliel-Sibony
Summary: Purified CBD is well-tolerated and effective in reducing seizure frequency in children and young adults with drug-resistant epilepsy.
PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY
(2024)
Editorial Material
Clinical Neurology
Zimeng Ye, Sufang Lin, Xia Zhao, Mathew Wallis, Xinyi Gao, Li Sun, Jiarui Wu, Jing Duan, Yi Yao, Lin Li, Li Chen, Dezhi Cao, Zhanqi Hu, Victor W. Zhang, Samuel F. Berkovic, Ingrid E. Scheffer, Jianxiang Liao, Michael S. Hildebrand
PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY
(2024)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Nicolas J. Abreu, Madeline Chiujdea, Shanshan Liu, Bo Zhang, Sarah J. Spence
Summary: This study found a low completion rate of chromosomal microarray (CMA) testing for patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Provider recommendation and more follow-up visits were associated with CMA completion. Age, intellectual disability or global developmental delay, first-degree relative with ASD, and public insurance were all related to CMA completion. Parental concern and cost/insurance coverage were the most frequently documented barriers.
PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY
(2024)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Wafa Bouchaala, Sirine Laroussi, Yosra Mzid, Imen Maaloul, Olfa Jallouli, Salma Zouari, Sihem Ben Nsir, Zeineb Mnif, Fatma Kammoun, Chahnez Triki
Summary: Moyamoya angiopathy is a rare but serious cerebrovascular disease in children, which may result in arterial ischemic stroke. The clinical and radiological presentations can vary and are often overlooked. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial.
PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY
(2024)
Letter
Clinical Neurology
Eline M. C. Hamilton, Pinar Topaloglu, Jigyasha Sinha, Francesco Nicita, Genevieve Bernard, S. Ali Fatemi, Marjo S. van der Knaap
PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY
(2024)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Muhamad Azamin Anuar, Muhammad'Adil Zainal Abidin, Soo Hong Tan, Cai Fong Yeap, Nor Azni Yahaya
Summary: This study conducted in Malaysia found that most infants with epilepsy can achieve seizure remission. However, poor seizure control and developmental delay are associated with abnormal EEG background and neuroimaging abnormalities.
PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY
(2024)