Article
Mathematics, Applied
Xiangmin Hu, Tao Chen, Kaifeng Deng, Guanning Wang
Summary: In this study, a velocity-based model for pedestrian movements containing two sub-models was proposed to investigate the influence of direction and speed selection strategies on pedestrian dynamics. Simulation results showed that these strategies affect the time and metabolic energy cost, density-velocity relations, and crowd stability of pedestrians.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Liang Ma, Bin Chen, Lidong Chen, Xiaoping Xu, Sikai Liu, Xiaocheng Liu
Summary: This paper conducts a comparative study on nine assigning strategies of desired speed in ODE based pedestrian simulation models. The results highlight the importance of desired speed in the model's performance, the influence of pedestrian density level on crowd dynamics complexity, the impact of desired speed heterogeneity on ODE model performance, and the higher predictability of the social force model compared to the optimal reciprocal collision avoidance model.
PHYSICA A-STATISTICAL MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications
Qian Xiao, Jiayang Li
Summary: This paper proposes an improved cellular automata model, the CECA model, to study the impact of emotional contagion on individual state and behavior during pedestrian evacuation by constructing a dynamic evolution mechanism among emotion, state, and behavior. The simulation results demonstrate that the improved model significantly enhances evacuation efficiency, and provide a basis for evacuation managers to formulate strategies by analyzing parameters such as emotional threshold and infection coefficient.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Monika Papla, Dawid Perenc, Adam Zajac, Adam Maszczyk, Michal Krzysztofik
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the relationships between the modified t-agility test time and lower limb muscular strength and power. The results showed significant negative correlations between test time and vertical jump height, adductor and abductor strength, and leg power output.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Industrial
Meng Shi, Eric Wai Ming Lee, Yi Ma, Wei Xie, Ruifeng Cao
Summary: The study developed a mesoscopic evacuation model driven by density-speed correlations, discrete evacuation space into multiple-sized cells, and introduced psychological impatience to calculate the dynamic field. Simulation results showed that the model is insensitive to time step variations, can shorten evacuation time, and provide key information through dynamic density maps. The mesoscopic model led to a slower and smoother evacuation process and agreed well with experimental results in terms of evacuation time and pedestrian exit choices.
Article
Physiology
Jerome Koral, Jaume Lloria Varella, Fernando Lazaro Romero, Clement Foschia
Summary: The study suggests that both PT and SIT may be better alternatives to SSGs for boosting performances during preseason, with SIT showing higher improvements in physical performances than PT.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Mineko Imanishi, Akihide Jo, Tomonori Sano
Summary: The study found that factors affecting bottleneck flow include pedestrian motivation and spatial conditions, with the presence of sidewalls leading to a decrease in flow, and participants preferring wider openings. Pedestrians walked faster and queued more densely in hurried situations, and when entering narrow openings, they twisted their shoulders to pass through quicker.
FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Shuang Zhao, Jianwen Wang, Yuxia Han, Zhen Liu
Summary: This study investigates the rotor speed and aerodynamic characteristics of wind turbines under short-term wind direction variation through experiments and computational fluid dynamics simulations. The results show that the rotor speed decreases due to the short-term wind direction variation, and assuming a constant rotor speed overestimates the average torque and underestimates the torque variation. This has significant implications for the operational performance and blade loading of wind turbines.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Yan-Qun Jiang, Ying-Gang Hu, Xiaoqian Huang
Summary: A new second-order continuum model for pedestrian flow is presented in this paper to study the collective behaviors of a large-scale crowd in front of a bottleneck, which is important for the planning and design of walking facilities.
PHYSICA A-STATISTICAL MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Zhijian Fu, Yujing Feng, Xingwen Xiong, Yunjia Yang, Lin Luo, Jian Li
Summary: In this study, experiments were conducted to investigate the characteristics of pedestrian dynamics in narrow aisles. It was found that there is a transition from lateral to forward movement with the increase of aisle width, with a critical width of 0.30 m. The study also revealed that increasing the aisle width from 0.20 m to 0.30 m significantly relieves congestion, but further increasing the width to 0.35 m has little effect on flow efficiency. These findings contribute empirical results on movement in narrow aisles and provide insights for pedestrian models and facility design.
PHYSICA A-STATISTICAL MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Wanyang Wu, Jiayi Zhao, Jingjun Zhong
Summary: A new concept of controllable speed casing was proposed in this paper, aiming to improve the stability of the compressor. The results of numerical research showed that the controllable speed casing, whether rotating in the same or opposite direction of the rotor, could enhance the stability margin of the rotor. Additionally, different rotating speeds of the controllable speed casing led to different improvements in stable operating margin.
AEROSPACE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Henrieta Hornikova, Erika Zemkova
Summary: Research indicates a significant relationship between change of direction speed (CODS) and sprint speed, muscle strength, and jump ability, with the strength of this relationship depending on test design and parameters analyzed. Future studies should focus on test design and parameter selection to align with the fitness demands of specific sports.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Marine
Lite Zhang, Chengwei Zhang, Huixia Jia, Ruoling Dong
Summary: This paper presents a numerical simulation of the supercavitation of parallel and tandem projectiles in underwater with and without lateral flows. The results show that the cavity shape is symmetrical without lateral flows but becomes asymmetrical with lateral flows. The offset velocity of the projectiles increases with lateral flow velocity, and the deflection angle of projectile 2 increases while that of projectile 1 decreases with the increase in the lateral flow velocity. The axial velocity of projectile 1 gradually decreases for tandem projectiles, and projectile 2's axial velocity changes dependent on the lateral flow velocity. Ballistic stability is better on the oncoming side for parallel projectiles, and the stability of projectile 2 worsens with the increase in lateral flow velocity.
JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Physics, Nuclear
Pawel Danielewicz, Mizuki Kurata-Nishimura
Summary: This article proposes the use of deblurring methods to correct for observable degradation in nuclear and high-energy experiments, focusing on restoring triple-differential particle distributions in heavy-ion collisions. The Richardson-Lucy deblurring method from optics is demonstrated to be effective in extracting these distributions from collision measurements. The inferred three-dimensional distributions offer easier interpretation in terms of collision dynamics and sought properties of bulk matter compared to the currently used Fourier coefficients.
Article
Forestry
Eric B. Searle, F. Wayne Bell, Guy R. Larocque, Mathieu Fortin, Jennifer Dacosta, Rita Sousa-Silva, Marco Mina, Holly D. Deighton
Summary: In the past two decades, forest management has undergone significant changes, and mechanistic models offer a potential solution to adapt to these shifts and streamline planning processes. By studying forests in Ontario, Canada, it was found that increasing silvicultural intensity generally increases overall yield, and specific forest treatments can achieve desired species compositions.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Muhammad Abdullah, Nazam Ali, Charitha Dias, Tiziana Campisi, Muhammad Ashraf Javid
Summary: The study examined people's intentions to use public transport during the COVID-19 pandemic, highlighting the risks of ignoring precautionary measures. The results provide insights for policymakers and operators to take further actions to promote safe public transport use.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Charitha Dias, Noorhazlinda Abd Rahman, Ali Zaiter
Summary: Flooding is a common natural disaster that poses a significant threat to people's safety, making evacuation planning crucial. However, there is a lack of data and studies on walking behaviors under different water depths. Experimental findings show that walking speeds decrease with greater water depths, with males having a higher average speed than females. In water, step frequency is lower but lateral movement amplitude is higher compared to normal walking conditions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION
(2021)
Editorial Material
Plant Sciences
Jair E. Garcia, Lea Hannah, Mani Shrestha, Martin Burd, Adrian G. Dyer
Summary: Plant-pollinator interactions provide a natural experiment in signal evolution. Flowers have evolved color signals to attract important pollinators like bees, but our understanding of how flies, the second largest group of pollinators, influence flower color evolution is limited. By comparing flowers in different environments and with different pollinators, this study shows that perceptually different colors do evolve in response to different types of insect pollinators, with evidence of both convergence and divergence in floral colors. This research provides insights into how changes in pollinator distributions may impact ecological and agricultural systems globally.
Article
Engineering, Civil
Muhammad Abdullah, Charitha Dias, Takashi Oguchi
Summary: This study examined pedestrians' behaviors and perceptions at unmarked mid-block locations through an online questionnaire survey, identifying four underlying factors: risk-taking, wrong-perceptions, walking-for-pleasure, and walking-pattern. The findings revealed that males tended to have higher wrong-perceptions compared to females, and significant differences in wrong-perceptions were observed between developing and developed countries. The research also categorized pedestrians into four distinct clusters based on factor scores: non-risky walkers, non-walkers, risk-takers, and unaware walkers.
IRANIAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Charitha Dias, Noorhazlinda Abd Rahman, Muhammad Abdullah, Nur Sabahiah Abdul Sukor
Summary: The study found that the COVID-19 pandemic has led to significant changes in individual travel behavior, with married individuals and essential workers placing more emphasis on pandemic-related concerns. Private cars were the preferred mode of transportation during the pandemic, with essential workers being more likely to make work trips and males being more likely to engage in social and recreational activities. High-perceived infection risk reduced the likelihood of social and recreational trips. Gender and religion also played a role in travel choices during the pandemic.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
James G. Rodger, Joanne M. Bennett, Mialy Razanajatovo, Tiffany M. Knight, Mark van Kleunen, Tia-Lynn Ashman, Janette A. Steets, Cang Hui, Gerardo Arceo-Gomez, Martin Burd, Laura A. Burkle, Jean H. Burns, Walter Durka, Leandro Freitas, Jurene E. Kemp, Junmin Li, Anton Pauw, Jana C. Vamosi, Marina Wolowski, Jing Xia, Allan G. Ellis
Summary: The study found that the lack of pollinators has a significant impact on plant reproduction, with some plant species unable to produce seeds without pollinators, while others face a major reduction in fertility. Specifically, plants with tree growth form, multiple reproductive episodes, more specialized pollination systems, and tropical distributions are more vulnerable to the effects of reduced pollinator services.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jamal Hannun, Charitha Dias, Alaa Hasan Taha, Abdulaziz Almutairi, Wael Alhajyaseen, Majid Sarvi, Salim Al-Bosta
Summary: This study explores the spatial variation of speeds when a group of people navigates through bends using trajectory data. The results show that speeds are significantly different within the bend, with lower speeds near the inner corner compared to the outer corner. These findings highlight the importance of understanding congestion and bottleneck effects in complex geometrical settings and calibrating microscopic simulation tools.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Charitha Dias, Muhammad Abdullah, Dawood Ahmed, Rudina Subaih
Summary: The demographics of individuals can significantly influence their behaviors and interactions with surrounding pedestrians. This study examines how pedestrians' gender affects the microscopic walking dynamics of single-file movements. The results show that relative speed is a key determinant of pedestrians' acceleration behavior, similar to car following behavior. In addition, gender has a significant influence on acceleration and deceleration, suggesting the importance of considering gender influence in microscopic behavior models.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Muhammad Masood Rafi, Shoaib Ahmed, Ruggiero Lovreglio, Charitha Dias
Summary: This study presents the results of an evacuation drill conducted in a library in South Asia. The data from 85 student evacuees were analyzed and compared with available data from other countries. The findings reveal shorter pre-evacuation time and walking speeds in this region, suggesting the need for tailored evacuation models and building designs for developing countries. Stair descending speeds were within the expected range. These findings provide a pioneering dataset for future research in this field.
FIRE AND MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Qinaat Hussain, Charitha Dias, Ali Al-Shahrani, Intizar Hussain
Summary: This study investigated the spacing adjustment behavior of drivers at highway merging points and found that the difference in speed between vehicles has an exponential impact on the spacing. The study also revealed that highways with auxiliary lanes perform better in reducing spacing, and the reduction is more pronounced when the following vehicle is a truck. These findings are important for improving road safety at merging locations.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Shabna SayedMohammed, Anshi Verma, Charitha Dias, Wael Alhajyaseen, Abdulkarim Almukdad, Kayvan Aghabayk
Summary: The design of safe and efficient pedestrian facilities requires an understanding of complex human movements. This study investigated the impact of intersecting angles on collective crowd dynamics through experimental research. The results showed that a 30-degree intersection has the lowest bottleneck effect and a 150-degree intersection has a longer waiting time. The findings are valuable for evaluating congestion effects and calibrating simulation tools.
Article
Transportation Science & Technology
Anas A. Mohammad, Hazem M. Al Nawaiseh, Wael K. Alhajyaseen, Charitha Dias, Babak Mehran
Summary: Saturation flow rate (SFR) is a crucial indicator for estimating the capacities of signalized intersections, affected by various factors such as traffic composition, intersection configuration, and driver behavior. Previous studies often estimated SFR and adjustment factors independently, without considering the interaction impact between influencing factors. This study empirically examines the influence of lane number, heavy vehicle proportions, and their interaction effect on SFR. A new model is developed to magnify the impact of heavy vehicles on SFR, considering the number of lanes at the upstream approach. The findings improve the structure of the multiplicative model for SFR adjustment factors, benefiting road infrastructure planning when adopted by transport authorities.
TRANSPORTATION PLANNING AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Muhammad Abdullah, Nazam Ali, Muhammad Ashraf Javid, Muhammad Waqar Aslam, Charitha Dias
Summary: Increasing vehicular demand has led decision makers in Lahore to convert urban roads into signal-free corridors (SFCs), prioritizing car flow over other modes of transportation. However, this study finds that these SFCs often neglect pedestrian safety and prioritize private cars. Continuous flow intersections were found to be significantly safer than continuous through movement and grade separation, but they also prioritize cars over pedestrians more significantly. Policy implications are presented for practitioners.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Charitha Dias, Muhammad Abdullah, Qinaat Hussain, Ahmad Mohammadtayeb Salehi, Hiroaki Nishiuchi
Summary: Cycling can bring various benefits to individuals and communities. This study examines how cyclists interact with each other in single file movement based on trajectory data. The study finds that reaction delay varies greatly among cyclists and is situation-dependent. The distribution of reaction delay follows a log-normal distribution. Relative speed is a crucial factor influencing the acceleration behavior of cyclists. The findings provide valuable insights for understanding cyclists' behavior and developing microscopic simulation models.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Transportation
Muhammad Ashraf Javid, Muhammad Abdullah, Nazam Ali, Charitha Dias
Summary: The study highlights the significant impact of travelers' awareness, responsibility, and trust on their preferences for using public transport during the COVID-19. While factors such as personal norms and perceived behavioral control have negative correlations with public transport use, attitudes remain a strong predictor for choosing public transport.
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH INTERDISCIPLINARY PERSPECTIVES
(2021)