Healing of Granulomatous Skin Changes in Ataxia-Telangiectasia After Treatment with Intravenous Immunoglobulin and Topical Mometasone 0.1% Ointment

Ataxia-telangiectasia (AT) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by faulty DNA damage repair. The disease affects multiple systems and is noted to be particularly difficult to diagnose in children because of the wide spectrum of clinical presentations. We present an unusual case of a child in whom the primary cutaneous manifestation of AT was noninfectious cutaneous caseating granulomas. A 3-year-old girl presented to the emergency department with ataxia, poor growth, and multiple ulcerated plaques on both upper extremities that had been present for 2 years. She had two prolonged hospitalizations and underwent extensive examination to identify an etiology for the skin lesions. She was diagnosed with AT after immunology examinaton and genetic testing. Outpatient intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy was initiated and she was prescribed twice-daily mometasone 0.01% ointment under occlusion. After 6 weeks on this regimen her lesions had completely healed. Twenty-two cases of AT have been reported in which patients presented with cutaneous granulomas. This report demonstrates the first reported case in which the granulomatous skin lesions of AT healed after aggressive application of topical steroids with concurrent IVIG therapy, without oral steroids. A brief review of cutaneous granulomas in the setting of immunodeficiency is also presented.