Article
Engineering, Chemical
Haim Kalman, Erez Matana
Summary: The study reviewed empirical correlations and experimental works on the relationship between drag coefficient (C-D) of spheres with Reynolds number (Re) and Re with Archimedes number (Ar), and found the best-fit correlations for experimental results. New correlations for Re-Ha and C-D-Ar were also established, with the latter being easier to use than the common C-D-Re curve.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Zijian Yu, Ge Yang, Wenming Zhang
Summary: In this study, the settling process of microplastic particles in water bodies was investigated, and a new formula for the drag coefficient and settling velocity of microplastic particles was developed. The new formula showed smaller errors and improved accuracy in predicting the motion behavior of microplastics.
MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xiaoguang Liu, Jiasheng Wang, Zhaohui Chai, Fengyang Min, Xi Jiang, Kongxian Zhu, Juan Dai
Summary: This paper presents a study on the terminal settling velocity and drag coefficient of the irregularly shaped Oncomelanias particles in different Reynolds number range. Using image analysis and wavelet analysis, the movement characteristics of Oncomelanias in different postures are revealed and a model is developed to predict the drag coefficient and terminal velocity of the particles.
FRONTIERS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Xiao Ma, Guodong Ji, Zijian Li, Guoshuai Ju
Summary: The study of sedimentation characteristics and drag coefficient of irregular particles is important for explaining natural phenomena, predicting sedimentation processes, and calculating the interphase forces. This research built an experimental system to measure settling velocity and established correlations for sphere settling and natural sand settling in a Newtonian fluid. The proposed correlations showed good agreement with existing models, and by introducing a two-dimensional shape parameter, the accuracy of predicting the drag coefficient and settling velocity of natural sand with irregular shapes was improved.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Chenlong Dai, Fangyang Yuan, Dongxiang Wang, Xinjun Yang, Jiyun Du, Wei Yu, Cheng Zhang
Summary: Microplastic fibers are important contaminants in aquatic environments, but there is little research on the movement of submillimeter fibers in water. This study measured the settling of submillimeter fibers in still water and analyzed their settling velocities. It was found that the settling velocity increased with fiber length and orientation angle. Different settling patterns were identified, and a new drag coefficient model was developed. The study also found significant differences between calculated and experimental drag coefficients.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Fan Yang, Yu-Hong Zeng, Wen-Xin Huai
Summary: Settlement of non-spherical particles in riverine ecosystems is commonly observed and influenced by both particle and fluid properties. By collecting and studying 828 settling data, a new drag law for non-spherical particles has been developed, allowing for the prediction of settling velocity for particles of various shapes and materials. Further applications in hydrochorous propagule dispersal and sediment transport are projected based on a deeper understanding of the settling process.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Marine
Toni Holjevic, Vanja Travas, Sinisa Druzeta, Danko Holjevic
Summary: This paper presents the results of an experimental study on the motion characteristics of microplastics in water flow. The influence of the shape and size of microplastic particles on the drag coefficient is investigated, revealing a complex relationship between the two factors.
JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Qiu Yin, Ci Song
Summary: A new explicit approximation model of terminal settling velocity (TSV) for drops and spherical objects in fluid medium is established, which shows improved accuracy compared to past theoretical and empirical models. This model can adapt to different particle and medium parameters across a wide range of Reynolds numbers (Re).
FRONTIERS OF EARTH SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Bhuvaneswari Govindan, Parthiban Mohanmani, Sarat Chandra Babu Jakka, A. K. Tiwari, A. K. Kalburgi, T. M. Sudhakar, A. Sanyal, S. Sarkar
Summary: This study explores the use of shape descriptors to predict settling velocity and drag coefficient of non-spherical particles in engineering applications, with experimental data confirming the accuracy of the approach.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Hussain Mohammad, Basudeb Munshi
Summary: Experimental studies were conducted to assess the impact of a confined wall on the terminal velocity of hollow cylindrical particles settling in Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids. The presence of finite boundaries imposed additional retardation on the particle motion, affecting its terminal velocity. Increase in flow channel diameter and decrease in inner to-outer diameter ratio resulted in higher terminal velocities for hollow particles. The study also established simple relationships between the wall effect and diameter ratio, as well as the drag coefficient and Reynolds number.
Article
Engineering, Marine
Karen B. B. Burgaard, Stefan Carstensen, David R. R. Fuhrman, Camille Saurel, Finbarr G. G. O'Neill
Summary: This study provides morphological data and estimates of the settling velocity and drag coefficient of sea stars (Asterias rubens) in Limfjord, Denmark. A geometric model describing the sea star is introduced, and the thickness and arm width are determined as linear functions of arm length. The geometric model accurately predicts the volume and mass of the sea stars, which is in agreement with experimental measurements. The mean sea star density is determined to be 1095 kg/m(3), the mean drag coefficient is estimated to be 2.3, and the settling velocity varies with the square root of its size.
JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Zhaopeng Zhu, Xianzhi Song, Gensheng Li, Zhengming Xu, Silin Jing, Xiaozhou Qin, Shiming Duan
Summary: The study revealed the wall drag force of parallel plates on settling particles through experiments, and established models for the wall drag coefficient and settling velocity of particles in parallel plates. This research is expected to provide guidance for optimizing water hydraulic fracturing in the oil and gas industry.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Marcos Eduardo Viana de Araujo, Paulo Cesar Correa, Eloiny Guimaraes Barbosa, Marcio Aredes Martins
Summary: This study investigated the variations in physical and aerodynamic properties of Arabica coffee beans during the drying process, finding that a reduction in moisture content led to significant changes in properties such as a 32% decrease in unit specific mass and a 28% decrease in terminal velocity. A new method for evaluating theoretical aerodynamic properties was used, showing potential for equipment design and research applications.
JOURNAL OF FOOD PROCESSING AND PRESERVATION
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Marine
Toni Holjevic, Sinisa Druzeta, Luka Grbcic, Marta Alvir
Summary: This study investigated the transport and settling behavior of microplastic particles in water streams by analyzing the impact of particle shape. The experimental analysis focused on flat square particles and 3D cubic particles and their settling trajectories were tracked. The results showed that the shape parameters were correlated with the settling behavior, and a model for estimating the drag coefficient based on particle shape was proposed.
JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Roisin Coyle, Matthew Service, Ursula Witte, Gary Hardiman, Jennifer McKinley
Summary: This research evaluates drag models for calculating the settling velocity of microplastics (mPs) and identifies three models that accurately predict their settling velocity. An explicit model is recommended for implementing in mP transport models. The study finds that the settling velocity of mPs does not significantly vary over time and depth, and it is independent of the initial particle velocity. These findings contribute to understanding the vertical transport of mPs in the ocean and their availability for uptake into the marine ecosystem.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Bingyao Wang, Tianyi Cai, Xiaoshu Cai, Wu Zhou, Zeqi Liu
Summary: The size and morphology of nanoparticles significantly impact their performance. Current methods, such as electron microscopy or atomic force microscopy, have limitations in sample preparation, processing time, and quantitative characterization. Therefore, it is crucial to develop a fast, accurate, and statistical method for measuring nanoparticle size and morphology. In this study, a new method called polarized imaging dynamic light scattering (PIDLS) is proposed, which irradiates nanoparticles with a vertical linearly polarized laser beam and utilizes a polarization camera to collect dynamic light scattering images at different polarization directions. The method effectively determines particle size, morphology, and sphericity based on depolarization patterns and degree of linear polarization. PIDLS also enables simultaneous measurement of particle size and morphology distributions, allowing for the evaluation of particle uniformity. The effectiveness of PIDLS is validated with the measurement of five types of industrial titanium dioxide.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Qingye Meng, Shuangling Zhong, Jingfei Wang, Zhenqian Zhang, Yan Gao, Xuejun Cui
Summary: In this study, a non-toxic natural polysaccharide, sodium alginate (SA), was developed for targeted delivery of curcumin (CUR) in tumor therapy. The CUR was coated in microcapsules using a quick, efficient, and environment-friendly sonochemical method. The microcapsules showed similar toxicity to free curcumin in anti-tumour evaluation and exhibited effective antibacterial properties. This research has the potential to provide a low-cost tumor targeting vector and can be promoted for clinical application.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Christin Velten, Mirko Ebert, Christian Lessig, Katharina Zaehringer
Summary: Ray tracing Particle Image Velocimetry (RT-PIV) is an optical technique that corrects for distortions in velocity measurements caused by transparent geometries in challenging optical systems. This study focuses on the challenges and implications of using RT-PIV in a body centred cubic (bcc) sphere packing with gaseous flow, where transparent glass balls are used for optical access. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the method in reconstructing velocity fields behind transparent spheres.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Yanhao Ye, Ji Xu, Wei Ge
Summary: By modeling neighboring particles as a single coarse-grained particle, the discrete particle method (DPM) can now simulate industrial-scale particle-fluid systems. However, there is still a lack of a systematic approach to determine the properties and interaction models of these coarse-grained particles, which affects the predictability of the method. In this study, kernel functions for modeling the coarse-grained particles are constructed based on the analysis of collisions between predefined particle groups, and the model parameters are determined by equating the statistical properties of the coarse-grained particles to those of the real particles. This approach has been effective in simulating the homogeneous cooling of granular gas and experimental fluidized beds.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Boris I. Kharisov, Oxana V. Kharissova, Lucy T. Gonzalez, Yolanda Pena Mendez, Igor E. Uflyand, Idalia Gomez de la Fuente
Summary: Hydroxyapatite (HA) composites with carbon allotropes and nanocarbons are rapidly developing in materials chemistry, especially for medical applications. These composites can be synthesized using various methods and exhibit biocompatibility and hemocompatibility, making them suitable for bone regeneration and wastewater treatment.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Xing Li, Qun Chen, Zhaozhao Liu, Cheng Zhou, Chen Wang, Chen Chen
Summary: The particle size distribution (PSD) curve is an important expression of soil properties. However, existing characteristic parameters can only represent some points of the curve and fail to capture all the information. This paper introduces a new fraction characteristic parameter based on grading entropy and proposes a refined presentation method for the PSD curve. The new method not only represents the differences in curve width more accurately but also has higher discrimination ability. The application of this method in describing deposit distribution and predicting soil hydraulic conductivity is discussed. The research results can provide reference for the refined representation of PSD curves.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Qingjin Zhang, Liangliang Fu, Guangwen Xu, Dingrong Bai
Summary: This study comprehensively analyzes the temperature effect on the minimum fluidization velocity (Umf) in fluidized-bed reactors. The analysis reveals the influence of temperature on Umf is determined by the relative importance of hydrodynamic forces and interparticle forces, which result in changes in gas properties, bed voidage, and physiochemical characteristics of particles. An equation is derived to predict the temperature influences on Umf under broad temperature conditions.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Josephine Oppotsch, Matthias Steinke, Miriam Fritsch, Fritz -Herbert Heinsius, Thomas Held, Nikoline Hilse, Viktor Scherer, Ulrich Wiedner
Summary: This work is the second part of a simulation study on processing densely packed and moving granular assemblies using PEPT. A cost-effective PET-like detector system is being developed to overcome the high cost of PET scanners commonly used for PEPT. Monte Carlo simulations and Geant4 software were used to study the spatial resolution of different scenarios, and it was found that oversampling and iteration improved the resolution significantly.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Lian Duan, Zhixun Xia, Yunchao Feng, Binbin Chen, Likun Ma, Jianxin Hu
Summary: In this study, boron-magnesium agglomerates with varying mass ratios were prepared and the combustion process of these agglomerates under different oxygen-rich concentrations were investigated. The results showed that when the mass fraction of magnesium powder in boron-magnesium agglomerates exceeded a certain threshold, a transient flameout process occurred. This process is affected by the magnesium content of the agglomerate and the oxygen concentration in the ambient atmosphere.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Lixia Hou, Chunxiao Qu, Min Su, Zhihan Liang, Qi Hao
Summary: This study investigates the impact of polymer modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles on lysozyme (Lys) crystallization under different conditions, using functionalized Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (Polymer C@Fe3O4) as nucleation agents. The findings show that the surface charge density of Polymer C@Fe3O4 is highest at a modification mass ratio of 8:3 for Fe3O4 to Polymer C. By adding 15% of the PolymerC@Fe3O4 prepared from Fe3O4 with an average particle size of 150 nm, magnetic core lysozyme (M-Lys) crystals with an average particle size of 11.08 mm, narrow size distribution, and regular morphology were obtained with a yield of 82.42% within 60 min.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Fangling Hu, Liangliang Fu, Qingjin Zhang, Guangwen Xu, Dingrong Bai
Summary: This study proposes a method for synthesizing high-quality forsterite using abundant boron mud waste through high-temperature thermochemical reactions. The reaction can be completed rapidly at low temperatures due to the high reactivity of fine raw powder materials. The synthesized forsterite products exhibit high densification, well-developed grains, and an activation energy of 165.5 kJ/mol in the temperature range of 1100-1500°C. This study provides a low-cost method for producing forsterite and an efficient solution for treating solid waste.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Yi Liu, Yunyan Guo, Rui Zhu, Jinqiang Zhou, Zhengxu Lin, Kai Han, Chongwei An, Jingyu Wang, Bidong Wu
Summary: Improved controllability and energy density of ignition agents are important for the development of energetic composite materials. In this study, HNS/CL-20 composite microspheres were prepared using droplet microfluidics and emulsification techniques with GAP as the binder. The microspheres exhibited higher sphericity and particle size uniformity compared to raw HNS, and retained the crystal structure of both HNS and CL-20. The microspheres also showed higher apparent activation energy, better safety performance, and good dispersibility, demonstrating excellent ignition performance and significant energy release effects.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Max Kriegeskorte, Nikoline Hilse, Phil Spatz, Viktor Scherer
Summary: This study experimentally analyzed the particle mechanics of a single floor in a multiple hearth furnace. The results showed that increasing the blade angle led to an increase in the particle free surface area. The frequency distribution of the mean distance among particles provided information about the morphology of the particle bulk.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Min Cai, Shuangzhu Kong, Sheng Chen, Mengxi Liu, Chunxi Lu
Summary: Reasonable reactor design is crucial for increasing the C2 yield in the oxidative coupling of methane (OCM). This study focused on large-scale fluidized bed reactors and conducted experiments and simulations to investigate their hydrodynamics and reaction performance. The results showed that the consecutive reactions of ethylene were severe in the bubbling fluidized bed (BFB) reactor due to gas back-mixing, high solids holdup, and non-uniform solids distribution, while they were negligible in the riser reactor. Both reactors achieved isothermal operation for the OCM process, with the riser reactor showing higher C2 selectivity and yield compared to the BFB reactor. This study provides valuable information for OCM reactor design and commercialization.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Jiangkui Hu, Shijie Yang, Yingying Pei, Xilong Wang, Yulong Liao, Shuai Li, Aolong Yue, Jia-Qi Huang, Hong Yuan
Summary: This review discusses the interfacial issues in all-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) based on sulfide solid electrolytes (SEs) and high-voltage cathodes, and proposes strategies to stabilize the electrolyte/cathode interfaces. The future research direction of electrolyte/cathode interfaces and the application prospects of powder technology in sulfide-based ASSLBs are also discussed.