Article
Food Science & Technology
Alfia Khairullina, Nikos Tsardakas Renhuldt, Gerlinde Wiesenberger, Johan Bentzer, David B. Collinge, Gerhard Adam, Leif Bulow
Summary: Two oat genes orthologous to a barley gene associated with resistance to Fusarium were identified and characterized. These genes showed high inducibility by DON and Fusarium infection. Heterologous expression of these genes in yeast conferred resistance to multiple trichothecene mycotoxins. Recombinant enzymes derived from these genes were able to convert DON into DON-3-O-glucoside.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zhonghui Zhang, Feng Zhang, Yuan Deng, Lisong Sun, Mengdi Mao, Ridong Chen, Qi Qiang, Junjie Zhou, Tuan Long, Xuecheng Zhao, Xianqing Liu, Shouchuang Wang, Jun Yang, Jie Luo
Summary: In this study, a seed metabolome database of rice was established to compare and analyze the nutritional quality differences between landraces and cultivated rice. Key genes and metabolites that determine the specific nutritional traits of landraces were identified. The transcriptome and metabolome analysis revealed the molecular mechanisms underlying the metabolic differences in landrace and cultivated rice seeds. The findings provide new insights for improving and utilizing the nutritional quality of rice landrace varieties.
Article
Plant Sciences
Chuanhong Ren, Yunlin Cao, Mengyun Xing, Yan Guo, Jiajia Li, Lei Xue, Chongde Sun, Changjie Xu, Kunsong Chen, Xian Li
Summary: A total of 152 UGT genes were identified in M. rubra, and two of them were found to be involved in flavonoid glycoside accumulation. UV-B treatment significantly induced glycoside accumulation in M. rubra fruit. Two important amino acids were identified to be crucial for glucosyl transfer activity.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Wenyu Liu, Jing Li, Rui Zhao, Yao Lu, Panpan Huang
Summary: UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) are important enzymes in biotransformation, controlling the levels and distribution of signaling molecules and the metabolism of various chemicals. The UGT superfamily includes UGT1, UGT2, UGT3, and UGT8 families. UGTs play a role in tumor cell metabolism, affecting cancer development and prognosis. This review summarizes the roles of UGT enzyme families in tumor function, metabolism, and regulatory mechanisms, including their inhibitors and inducers. The function of UGTs in lipid metabolism, drug metabolism, and hormone metabolism in tumor cells is highlighted.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Dong Gui Hu, Shashikanth Marri, Julie-Ann Hulin, Ross A. McKinnon, Peter Mackenzie, Robyn Meech
Summary: The UDP-glycosyltransferase (UGT) superfamily plays a critical role in the metabolism of anticancer drugs and pro/anti-cancer molecules. A comprehensive analysis of 10,069 tumors from 33 different types of cancers revealed widespread somatic mutations in UGT genes, which may impact the ability of cancer cells to metabolize drugs and endobiotics involved in cancer signaling pathways.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
John O. Miners, Thomas M. Polasek, Julie-Ann Hulin, Andrew Rowland, Robyn Meech
Summary: Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) involving glucuronidated drugs have been historically overlooked but are clinically significant and can result in altered exposure of these drugs. This review examines the mechanisms, scope, and aetiology of these DDIs, including the inhibition and induction of UDPglucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzymes and the potential involvement of drug transporters. It highlights the common occurrence and importance of UGT induction as a DDI mechanism and the need for dose individualisation due to clinically relevant DDIs. Comprehensive reaction phenotyping studies and rigorous assessment of new chemical entities with significant glucuronidation are recommended for early-stage drug development.
PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Mengqian Lu, Yifan Zhao, Yingying Feng, Xiaoyan Tang, Wei Zhao, Keke Yu, Yuting Pan, Qiang Wang, Jilai Cui, Mengting Zhang, Jieyang Jin, Jingming Wang, Mingyue Zhao, Wilfried Schwab, Chuankui Song
Summary: The study discovered the presence of native 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,4-DHBA) and its glycosylated form in tea plants, and found that their accumulation is induced by salicylic acid (SA) application and Ps. camelliae-sinensis (Pcs) infection. The regulation of 2,4-DHBA glycosylation positively affects disease resistance in tea plants.
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Yingying Wang, Qiuyan Sun, Yanfei Chi, Zhiqiang Liu, Hu Liu, Chun Li, Xudong Feng
Summary: UDP-glucosyltransferase can be coupled with sucrose synthase to construct a two-enzyme UDP recycling system for glucosylation of natural products. However, sucrose hydrolysis leads to the accumulation of fructose as a byproduct, which decreases the atom economy of sucrose and suppresses in situ UDP recycling. In this study, a polyphosphate-dependent glucokinase was demonstrated to convert fructose to fructose-6-phosphate independent of expensive ATP for the first time. Then the glucokinase was introduced into the UDP recycling system to construct a modified three-enzyme UDP recycling system, which showed enhanced glucosylation efficiency of triterpenoids by fructose phosphorylation to accelerate sucrose hydrolysis and UDP recycling. Finally, by further introducing a phosphofructokinase into the UDP recycling system, we transformed fructose-6-phosphate into fructose-1,6-diphosphate, demonstrating that the UDP recycling system can be coupled with extra enzymes to obtain final products with high added-value without compromising the glycosylation efficiency.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mariko Komuro, Masaki Nagane, Rikito Endo, Takashi Nakamura, Takayoshi Miyamoto, Chiaki Niwa, Tomoki Fukuyama, Hideyoshi Harashima, Naoyuki Aihara, Junichi Kamiie, Rimina Suzuki, Tadashi Yamashita
Summary: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by excessive activation of T cells. This study investigated the involvement of glycosphingolipids (GSLs) in IBD. The results showed that decreased expression of UDPglucose ceramide glucosyltransferase (UGCG), a GSLs synthase, was associated with IBD. Decreased UGCG led to worsened colitis and lower levels of regulatory T cells (Treg). Additionally, treatment with glucosylceramide (GlcCer) nanoparticles showed potential efficacy in preventing DSS-induced colitis, suggesting GlcCer in T cells as a therapeutic target for IBD patients.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Elisabeth Kurze, Victoria Russ, Nadia Syam, Isabelle Effenberger, Rafal Jonczyk, Jieren Liao, Chuankui Song, Thomas Hoffmann, Wilfried Schwab
Summary: Research has identified five enzymes from the tea plant that can be used for the biotechnological production of menthyl glucoside, with UGT93Y1 showing the highest catalytic activity. This discovery opens up new possibilities for the synthesis of menthyl glucoside, offering potential applications in various industries.
Article
Entomology
Bin Yu, Qiuhua Yang, Junhong Wei, Guoqing Pan, Chunfeng Li, Zeyang Zhou
Summary: Nosema bombycis, as a virulent pathogen of silkworm, induces the activation of two specific genes (BmUGT10295 and BmUGT8453) in infected silkworms, providing resistance against microsporidia. This discovery sheds light on host response to pathogens and suggests potential targets for enhancing pathogen resistance.
Article
Cell Biology
Sheng Chen, Yuan Wang, Liangliang Kong, Yi Ji, Jie Cui, Weimin Shen
Summary: This study found that UGCG gene is significantly upregulated in venous malformation patients, and UGCG may be involved in the pathogenesis of venous malformation by promoting the proliferation, migration, and tube formation of vascular endothelial cells. In addition, UGCG regulates the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, which might be a potential mechanism underlying venous malformation.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Jie Zhang, Mengying Jiao, Wenwen Cheng, Xin Song, Shuo Wang, Xuelei Zhao, Jing Dong, Xuemei Zhang, Yuehong Long, Zhaobin Xing
Summary: In this study, the UGT gene family in the L. polystachyus transcriptome was identified and analyzed. Four candidate genes involved in phlorizin synthesis and three candidate genes involved in trilobatin synthesis were screened. The functions of two selected genes were validated in vitro, and differences in their catalytic efficiency were observed.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Daisuke Tezuka, Hideyuki Matsuura, Wataru Saburi, Haruhide Mori, Ryozo Imai
Summary: Salicylic acid (SA) plays a crucial role in regulating disease resistance in plants, including rice. A newly identified UDP-glucosyltransferase gene, UGT74J1, was found to control SA homeostasis in rice. Mutants of UGT74J1 exhibited increased resistance against rice blast while showing stunted growth phenotypes, providing valuable insights into SA-mediated immunity in rice.
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Jie Zhang, Mengying Jiao, Wenwen Cheng, Xin Song, Shuo Wang, Xuelei Zhao, Jing Dong, Xuemei Zhang, Yuehong Long, Zhaobin Xing
Summary: The study identified and analyzed a total of 107 UGTs in the L. polystachyus transcriptome, including four candidate genes involved in phlorizin synthesis and three candidate genes involved in trilobatin synthesis. The functions of these candidate genes were expressed and validated in vitro, and the results showed differences in activity and catalytic efficiency. The molecular docking analysis suggested that these differences may be caused by variations in the efficiency of the LpUGT proteins in catalyzing sugar donor protonation.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jan Bures, Ilja Tacheci, Jaroslav Kvetina, Vera Radochova, Lukas Prchal, Darina Kohoutova, Martin Valis, Martin Novak, Rafael Dolezal, Marcela Kopacova, Stanislav Rejchrt, Vit Sestak, Veronika Knoblochova, Eva Peterova, Jana Zdarova Karasova
Summary: The gastrointestinal side effects of donepezil are common in patients, occurring in 20-30% of cases. Experimental studies in pigs showed that intestinal injury and prolonged transit time led to higher plasma concentrations of donepezil, highlighting the importance of dose adjustment in patients with underlying gastrointestinal diseases. Additionally, donepezil had a negative impact on gastric myoelectric activity, especially when combined with intestinal injury, which may explain the dyspepsia associated with the medication in humans.
Review
Veterinary Sciences
Dominika Majorova, Elizabeth Atkins, Henny Martineau, Ivan Vokral, Dorenda Oosterhuis, Peter Olinga, Brendan Wren, Jon Cuccui, Dirk Werling
Summary: Recent advancements in technology have fueled the development of new methodologies to assess host-pathogen interactions at tissue levels. Precision cut tissue slices (PCTS) are considered valuable models for evaluating host-pathogen interactions.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Jana Napravnikova, Marian Varady, Jaroslav Vadlejch
Summary: The control of strongylid infections in horses has become challenging due to anthelmintic resistance. This study in the Czech Republic evaluated the efficacy of different anthelmintics and found total failure of fenbendazole and reduced efficacy of pyrantel embonate. Ivermectin and moxidectin exhibited excellent efficacy. The findings highlight the need for advanced parasite control approaches to slow the spread of anthelmintic resistance.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Martin Huliciak, Ivan Vokral, Ondrej Holas, Ondrej Martinec, Frantisek Staud, Lukas Cerveny
Summary: The inhibition of ABCB1 by antiviral drugs has a high potential for causing drug-drug interactions in intestinal cells. Different experimental models may yield varying results, but using at least two ABCB1 probe substrates is recommended for measuring inhibitory potency.
Article
Agronomy
Daniel Petric, Michaela Komaromyova, Dominika Battanyi, Martyna Kozlowska, Weronika Filipiak, Anna Lukomska, Sylwester Slusarczyk, Malgorzata Szumacher-Strabel, Adam Cieslak, Marian Varady, Svetlana Kisidayova, Zora Varadyova
Summary: Our study investigated the effects of feeding sainfoin pellets on ruminal fermentation and microbiome, hematological profile, and abomasal histopathology in lambs infected with gastrointestinal nematodes. The results showed that lambs fed sainfoin had lower populations of specific bacteria in the rumen and lower methane concentrations. There was also an increase in the abundance of a specific bacteria species. In addition, the infection of gastrointestinal nematodes affected the number of red blood cells in the lambs and led to more damaged abomasal glands.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Diana Dimunova, Petra Matouskova, Martina Navratilova, Linh Thuy Nguyen, Martin Ambroz, Ivan Vokral, Barbora Szotakova, Lenka Skalova
Summary: This study found that the environmental circulation of veterinary anthelmintics may contribute to drug resistance in parasitic nematodes, as it improves their ability to deactivate the drugs.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Marketa Zajickova, Lukas Prchal, Ivan Vokral, Linh Thuy Nguyen, Thomas Kurz, Robin Gasser, Klara Bednarova, Magdalena Micundova, Beate Lungerich, Oliver Michel, Lenka Skalova
Summary: This study assessed the activity of two compounds, BLK127 and HBK4, against Haemonchus contortus, a parasitic nematode. BLK127 showed potential as a new anthelmintic with no hepatotoxic effect, while HBK4 exhibited significant hepatotoxicity and was excluded from further studies.
Article
Microbiology
Michaela Komaromyova, Daniel Petric, Katarina Kuckova, Dominika Batt'anyi, Michal Babjak, Michaela Urda Dolinska, Alzbeta Konigova, Daniel Barcak, Emilia Dvoroznakova, Klaudia Cobanova, Zora Varadyova, Marian Varady
Summary: Our study analyzed the parasitological status, antibody responses, and antioxidant parameters of lambs infected with gastrointestinal nematode during the consumption of sainfoin pellets. The results showed that sainfoin pellet treatment reduced the number of eggs and abomasal worms, and had an impact on antibody response and blood antioxidant enzyme activity, thus improving the lambs' resistance.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Ladislav Molnar, Alzbeta Koenigova, Ladislav Pleva, Juraj Ciberej, Katarina Kuzysinova Inova, Peter Major, Vladimir Vrabec, Lucia Kottferova, Monika Petrillova, Marian Varady
Summary: This study presents the authors' experience with field anaesthesia of European brown bears in Slovakia. The study compared the effectiveness of three anaesthetic protocols in managing free-ranging and trapped bears. The results showed that the T-Z-D mixture is safe, reversible, and has minimal adverse effects, making it suitable for managing large carnivore populations in the Carpathian region.
ACTA VETERINARIA HUNGARICA
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Dominika Battanyi, Daniel Petric, Michal Babjak, Emilia Dvoroznakova, Anna Lukomska, Adam Cieslak, Marian Varady, Zora Varadyova
Summary: This study assessed the effects of dietary supplementation with medicinal plants or organic selenium on immune responses and histopathology in lambs infected with Haemonchus contortus. The results showed that supplementation with medicinal plants or organic selenium significantly reduced worm counts and improved local immune responses. These findings suggest that dietary supplementation with medicinal plants or organic selenium can enhance the resistance of animals to parasitic infections.
VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Parasitology
Ludmila Burcakova, Alzbeta Konigova, Tetiana A. Kuzmina, Corrine J. Austin, Jacqueline B. Matthews, Kirsty L. Lightbody, Natalia A. Peczak, Yaroslav Syrota, Marian Varady
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of Anoplocephala spp. infection in domestic horses in Slovakia and analyze the associated risk factors. The results showed that tapeworm infection was prevalent in horse farms, and horse age, pasture size, anthelmintic treatment scheme, and access to pasture significantly influenced the likelihood of detecting tapeworm infection.
PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Agronomy
Klara Mikulova, Daniel Petric, Michaela Komaromyova, Dominika Battanyi, Martyna Kozlowska, Adam Cieslak, Sylwester Slusarczyk, Marian Varady, Zora Varadyova
Summary: This study investigated the growth performance and ruminal fermentation associated with gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) Haemonchus contortus in lambs and in vitro ruminal fermentation of different plants using inoculum from GIN-infected lambs. The results showed that GIN infection affected fermentation and microbial population in the rumens of the lambs, and chicory was a promising substrate to modulate ruminal fermentation in vitro.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Michal Babjak, Alzbeta Konigova, Michaela Komaromyova, Tetiana Kuzmina, Pawel Nosal, Marian Varady
Summary: This study was conducted to investigate the resistance of Haemonchus contortus to albendazole and ivermectin. The results showed reduced efficacy of albendazole and ivermectin, while levamisole was found to be an efficient anthelmintic treatment.
JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Parasitology
M. Komaromyova, D. Barcak, A. Konigova, M. Urda Dolinska, M. Varady
Summary: This study aimed to assess the structural cuticular changes in adult Haemonchus contortus induced by the use of medicinal plant extracts and to examine their ovicidal activity. The results showed that the herbal extracts did not negatively affect the external structures of the adult parasites.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Evelina Dauparaite, Tomas Kupcinskas, Marian Varady, Saulius Petkevicius
Summary: This study aimed to assess the current situation of fenbendazole resistance in horse stables in Lithuania. The results indicated that resistance to fenbendazole in the treatment of strongyle nematodes is prevalent in Lithuania.
ACTA VETERINARIA SCANDINAVICA
(2022)
