Review
Virology
Lily Chan, Negar Karimi, Solmaz Morovati, Kasra Alizadeh, Julia E. Kakish, Sierra Vanderkamp, Fatemeh Fazel, Christina Napoleoni, Kimia Alizadeh, Yeganeh Mehrani, Jessica A. Minott, Byram W. Bridle, Khalil Karimi
Summary: A cytokine storm is an abnormal release of soluble mediators caused by inappropriate inflammatory responses, involving innate leukocytes like neutrophils. Neutrophils play a role in promoting inflammation and homeostasis after pathological inflammation. Therapeutic strategies targeting neutrophils are crucial in suppressing various inflammatory conditions.
Article
Allergy
Riccardo Castagnoli, Ottavia M. Delmonte, Luigi D. Notarangelo
Summary: IEI, or primary immunodeficiencies, are disorders caused by mutations in genes involved in immune host defense and immune regulation. Advances in DNA sequencing technology have led to an exponential increase in the discovery of new genes associated with IEI in the past decade.
PEDIATRIC ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Yao Li, Yanming Zeng, Yanqiu Lu, Xuejiao He, Yushan Wu, Wei Zhang, Yanqun Huang, Hui Chen, Yaokai Chen
Summary: This study compared the efficacy and safety of synergistic sulfonamides plus clindamycin with TMP-SMX plus azithromycin for the treatment of HIV-associated TE. The results showed that the regimen containing synergistic sulfonamides may have advantages in alleviating clinical symptoms, but there were no significant differences in radiological response, mortality events, and adverse events compared to the TMP-SMX plus azithromycin regimen.
CHINESE MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Review
Immunology
George Siopis
Summary: The link between obesity and the severity of COVID-19 is emphasized by accumulating data. Obesity affects multiple components of the immune system, leading to a reduced defense against harmful microorganisms. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 takes advantage of the weakened immune system in obese individuals, precipitating COVID-19 and, in some cases, death. Therefore, obesity should be regarded as another form of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and treated seriously. Unlike AIDS caused by HIV, obesity is a comorbidity-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. It is important to recognize obesity as a risk factor for COVID-19 mortality. Obesity is a modifiable condition, and lifestyle modifications can reverse it. Strong public health actions are needed to promote lifestyle measures and reduce the burden of overweight and obesity, which currently affect more than one-third of the global population and are projected to increase to 55-80% in the next thirty years.
INTERNATIONAL REVIEWS OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Niusha Sharifinejad, Gholamreza Azizi, Zahra Chavoshzadeh, Seyed Alireza Mahdaviani, Mahnaz Seifi Alan, Marzieh Tavakol, Homa Sadri, Mohammad Nabavi, Sareh Sadat Ebrahimi, Afshin Shirkani, Ahmad Vosughi Motlagh, Molood Safarirad, Fatemeh Aghamahdi, Farzad Nazari, Samaneh Delavari, Mahnaz Jamee, Farimah Fayyaz, Parham Samimisedeh, Rahman Matani, Marzie Esmaeili, Reza Yazdani, Nima Rezaei, Hassan Abolhassani
Summary: About 18% of patients with syndromic CIDs develop autoimmunity, mainly in the form of hematological immune diseases. Autoimmunity could be an early-onset involvement with a potential diagnostic impact on suspicious cases of syndromic CIDs.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biology
Akinori Okada, Yuji Nozaki, Shinya Rai, Koji Kinoshita, Masanori Funauchi, Itaru Matsumura
Summary: This case study presents a 35-year-old male patient with both HIV infection and concomitant SLE, highlighting the challenges in choosing treatment strategies for these two conditions that involve conflicting immunological responses. Rheumatologists in Japan should consider the possibility of HIV infection when diagnosing autoimmune diseases, especially given the relatively low prevalence of HIV in the country.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Yu Zhao, Fuxiang Wang, Liming Cao
Summary: This case report of a unique presentation of AIDS-related longitudinal myelitis enriches our understanding of the clinical spectrum of this condition, and provides essential information for the diagnosis and treatment of longitudinal myelitis in AIDS patients.
NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Faiza Basheer, Robert Sertori, Clifford Liongue, Alister C. Ward
Summary: Primary immunodeficiency disorders (PID), characterized by defects in immune cell development and/or function, are a group of genetic diseases. Zebrafish models have been used to study and develop therapies for PIDs due to their genetic similarities and relevance. This review highlights the conservation of the zebrafish immune system and its application in studying various types of PIDs, as well as its potential in microbiology, immunology, regenerative biology, and oncology research.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Mohammad Taheri, Somayeh Sangseifid, Pariya Shahani, Mohammad Mahdi Eftekharian, Shahram Arsang-Jang, Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
Summary: This study found that the expression levels of SOCS1 and SOCS2 were significantly lower in male CIDP patients compared with controls, with a sex-specific pattern also observed for SOCS3 down-regulation. The diagnostic powers of SOCS1, SOCS2, SOCS3, and SOCS5 genes in the mentioned disorder were 0.61, 0.73, 0.68, and 0.58 respectively. None of the gene expressions were correlated with the age of enrolled cases. The study provides evidence for the involvement of SOCS genes in the pathophysiology of acquired immune-mediated polyneuropathies.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Lindsay M. Snyder, Eric Y. Denkers
Summary: The gastrointestinal tract serves as a major entry point for pathogens, including Toxoplasma gondii. Host defense against Toxoplasma is primarily located in the intestinal mucosa, involving a coordinated response from epithelial cells, intraepithelial lymphocytes, and lamina propria cells. Infections may lead to bacterial dysbiosis and immune-mediated tissue damage in the intestine, highlighting the complex interactions between microbiota, epithelium, and immune cells.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Virology
Svetlana Atasheva, Dmitry M. Shayakhmetov
Summary: The expression of cytokines and chemokines in response to adenovirus infection is tightly regulated by the innate immune system. Cytokine-mediated toxicity compromises the safety of adenovirus-based vectors, limiting their utility for gene therapy applications. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms triggering cytokine storm and develop intervention approaches to mitigate its severity.
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Manuel Ruiz-Pablos, Bruno Paiva, Aintzane Zabaleta
Summary: Both myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) and long COVID (LC) share similar immunological alterations, chronic viral infection, autoimmunity, inflammation, viral reactivation, hypocortisolism, and microclot formation. They also have similar symptoms including fatigue, exercise intolerance, sleep disorders, cognitive dysfunction, and neurological and gastrointestinal complaints. Furthermore, both diseases show Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) reactivation, suggesting a potential link between them.
JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ilad Alavi Darazam, Mohammad Mahdi Rabiei, Hooman Bahrami-Motlagh, Omid Moradi, Farid Javandoust Gharehbagh, Farahnaz Bidari Zerehpoosh, Firouze Hatami, Nader Akbari Dilmaghani, Maziar Shojaei, Legha Lotfollahi
Summary: This study reports a case of parapharyngeal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in an HIV-infected patient, which resulted in the patient suffering from Garcin syndrome.
CLINICAL CASE REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Virology
Ligia Maria Nascimento Arantes, Andrey Oeiras Pedroso, Mayra Goncalves Menegueti, Elucir Gir, Elia Pinheiro Botelho, Ana Cristina de Oliveira e Silva, Renata Karina Reis
Summary: This study aimed to identify factors associated with late diagnosis and provide clinical monitoring for newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS patients. The results showed a high prevalence of late and very late diagnoses, suggesting the need to focus on factors related to late diagnosis.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Aixin Li, Wenjiao Zhu, Jiming Yin, Xiaojie Huang, Lijun Sun, Wei Hua, Wen Wang, Tong Zhang, Lili Dai, Hao Wu
Summary: This study found no evidence of Th1/Th2 imbalance in AIDS patients with CM, and the immune response in cryptococcal infection may provide new clues for the treatment strategies.
BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
