Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Daniela Marin-Hernandez, Douglas F. Nixon, Nathaniel Hupert
Summary: Traditional vaccines are designed to target specific pathogens, but there are known off-target effects that can impact unrelated pathogen infections. Heterologous vaccines, like BCG, can induce non-specific effects through trained immunity.
MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Asimenia Angelidou, Joann Diray-Arce, Maria-Giulia Conti, Mihai G. Netea, Bastiaan A. Blok, Mark Liu, Guzman Sanchez-Schmitz, Al Ozonoff, Simon D. van Haren, Ofer Levy
Summary: The study revealed significant differences in immune responses to BCG vaccine between neonatal and adult monocytes, including primary and memory cytokine responses and immunometabolic shifts. Neonatal monocytes exhibited enhanced production of certain cytokines and showed tolerization upon subsequent LPS stimulation, contrasting with adult monocytes.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Jean-Louis Palgen, Yanis Feraoun, Gaelle Dzangue-Tchoupou, Candie Joly, Frederic Martinon, Roger Le Grand, Anne-Sophie Beignon
Summary: Optimizing vaccination strategies involves understanding how vaccine history affects memory B and T cell characteristics. Innate cells, particularly myeloid lineage cells, respond differently to first and second vaccine doses, affecting innate immune responses. Trained innate cells have the potential to improve vaccination strategies by enhancing antigen uptake, presentation, migration, and cytokine production.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
M. K. Quinn, Karen M. Edmond, Wafaie W. Fawzi, Lisa Hurt, Betty R. Kirkwood, Honorati Masanja, Alfa J. Muhihi, Sam Newton, Ramadhani A. Noor, Paige L. Williams, Christopher R. Sudfeld, Emily R. Smith
Summary: This study found that infant BCG and DTP vaccinations were associated with a decreased risk of infant mortality in Ghana and Tanzania. The non-specific effects of vaccines may modify the impact of neonatal vitamin A supplementation on mortality.
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Pouria Mosaddeghi, Farbod Shahabinezhad, Mohammadreza Dorvash, Mojtaba Goodarzi, Manica Negahdaripour
Summary: No proven remedy for COVID-19 has been identified yet. Boosting immune responses may be beneficial as impaired immunity activation in some patients leads to high mortalities. Co-administration of BCG vaccine with interferon-alpha/-beta or influenza vaccine is suggested as a potential strategy to overcome its shortcomings and enhance immune defenses against COVID-19. Further studies are recommended to assess the outcomes of such interventions and potential adverse effects.
HUMAN VACCINES & IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS
(2021)
Review
Microbiology
Mi-Hyun Lee, Bum-Joon Kim
Summary: This review presents the current status of COVID-19 vaccine development based on recombinant viral and bacterial delivery systems, and discusses the use of licensed live vaccines to prevent COVID-19 infections.
JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Sarah Prentice, Beatrice Nassanga, Emily L. Webb, Florence Akello, Fred Kiwudhu, Hellen Akurut, Alison M. Elliott, Rob J. W. Arts, Mihai G. Netea, Hazel M. Dockrell, Stephen Cose
Summary: BCG vaccination in neonates reduces non-tuberculous infectious disease incidence, and prioritizing BCG on the first day of life in high-mortality settings may have significant public health benefits.
LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Raj S. Patel, Babita Agrawal
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 has caused multiple waves of infections globally during the past two years. Although current vaccines provide protection against severe illnesses, hospitalizations, and deaths, the emergence of new variants emphasizes the need for a universal vaccine. Furthermore, T cells with cross-reactivity against SARS-CoV-2 antigens have been found in unexposed individuals, suggesting a potential protective role.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
R. A. Juste, M. Geijo, N. Elguezabal, I. A. Sevilla, M. Alonso-Hearn, J. M. Garrido
Summary: Vaccination against PTB in cattle was found to have a non-specific effect on overall mortality, providing yearly mortality protection in calves for up to 6-7 years. This study supports the trained immunity theory and suggests potential benefits for livestock systems efficiency and reduced antibiotic use.
Article
Immunology
Mohamed Ibraheem Mahmoud Ahmed, Paulina Diepers, Christian Janke, Michael Plank, Tabea M. Eser, Raquel Rubio-Acero, Anna Fuchs, Olga Baranov, Noemi Castelletti, Inge Kroidl, Laura Olbrich, Bernadette Bauer, Danni Wang, Martina Prelog, Johannes G. Liese, Christina Reinkemeyer, Michael Hoelscher, Philipp Steininger, Klaus Ueberla, Andreas Wieser, Christof Geldmacher
Summary: Research showed that individuals with vaccine breakthrough infections had higher T cell responses targeting the vaccine-encoded Spike antigen post-infection, while responses against the non-vaccine encoded Nucleocapsid antigen were significantly attenuated in comparison to unvaccinated controls.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Athanasios Ziogas, Mihai G. Netea
Summary: The innate immune system is capable of developing memory-like features through trained immunity, which leads to enhanced immune responses and heterologous protection upon (re) infection. The cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying trained immunity provide insights for developing novel vaccine strategies against new pandemics in the future.
TRENDS IN MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Adam M. Weiss, Jainu Ajit, Tyler J. Albin, Neeraj Kapoor, Shilpa Maroju, Aym Berges, Lucy Pill, Jeff Fairman, Aaron P. Esser-Kahn
Summary: This study demonstrated the successful use of CFPS technology to produce large quantities of site-specific antigen-adjuvant conjugates for enhanced antigen presentation and T-cell production. Site-specific conjugation using copper-free click chemistry significantly improved the efficacy of the OVA-CpG conjugates both in vitro and in vivo, reducing the required CpG dose for T-cell production tenfold.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Gopala Koneru, Gaber El-Saber Batiha, Abdelazeem M. Algammal, Mahmoud Mabrok, Sara Magdy, Shrouk Sayed, Mai E. AbuElmagd, Reham Elnemr, Mahmoud M. Saad, Noura H. Abd Ellah, Amal Hosni, Khalid Muhammad, Helal F. Hetta
Summary: Studies suggest that BCG may induce trained immunity to provide some protection against SARS-CoV-2. Repurposing the well-characterized BCG during the COVID-19 pandemic could offer some degree of protection to the population.
INFECTION AND DRUG RESISTANCE
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Jie Zhou, Jingzhu Lv, Chelsea Carlson, Hui Liu, Hongtao Wang, Tao Xu, Fengjiao Wu, Chuanwang Song, Xiaojing Wang, Ting Wang, Zhongqing Qian
Summary: The pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes tuberculosis, which poses a significant human public health threat. Trained immunity has been found to have the capability to control and eliminate M. tuberculosis infection, providing new possibilities for vaccine development. Autophagy plays an essential role in the development of trained immunity, contributing to the prevention of M. tuberculosis infection.
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Leticia Carrijo Masson, Carolina do Prado Servian, Vitor Hugo Jardim, Deborah dos Anjos, Miriam Leandro Dorta, Joao Victor Batalha-Carvalho, Ana Maria Moro, Pedro Roosevelt Torres Romao, Menira Souza, Fabiola Souza Fiaccadori, Simone Goncalves Fonseca
Summary: Immune responses after COVID-19 vaccination were evaluated in different populations. The study found that BNT162b2 vaccine induced higher antibody responses compared to ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and CoronaVac vaccines. A third dose booster with BNT162b2 increased antibody levels in CoronaVac vaccinees. Individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection also had higher antibody production.
Article
Immunology
Rotem Lapidot, Laila Alawdah, J. R. Koehler, Vera Paulson, Ofer Levy
PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL
(2018)
Editorial Material
Immunology
Sallie Permar, Ofer Levy, Tobias R. Kollman, Anjali Singh, Kristina De Paris
AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES
(2018)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Tue Bjerg Bennike, Melena D. Bellin, Yue Xuan, Allan Stensballe, Frederik Trier Moller, Gregory J. Beilman, Ofer Leyy, Zobeida Cruz-Monserrate, Vibeke Andersen, Judith Steen, Darwin L. Conwell, Hanno Steen
JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH
(2018)
Correction
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Matthew Pettengill, Juan D. Matute, Megan Tresenriter, Julie Hibbert, David Burgner, Peter Richmond, Jose Luis Millan, Al Ozonoff, Tobias Strunk, Andrew Currie, Ofer Levy
Review
Immunology
Elizabeth Whittaker, David Goldblatt, Peter McIntyre, Ofer Levy
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2018)
Article
Immunology
Annette Scheid, Francesco Borriello, Carlo Pietrasanta, Helen Christou, Joann Diray-Arce, Matthew A. Pettengill, Sweta Joshi, Ning Li, Ilana Bergelson, Tobias Kollmann, David J. Dowling, Ofer Levy
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2018)
Review
Pediatrics
Simone S. Schueller, Boris W. Kramer, Eduardo Villamor, Andreas Spittler, Angelika Berger, Ofer Levy
FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS
(2018)
Article
Microbiology
Esther M. Speer, Elizabeth Diago-Navarro, Lukasz S. Ozog, David J. Dowling, Wei Hou, Mahnoor Raheel, Bettina C. Fries, Ofer Levy
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY
(2018)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Esther M. Speer, David J. Dowling, Jianjin Xu, Lukasz S. Ozog, Jaime A. Mathew, Avinash Chander, Donglei Yin, Ofer Levy
Article
Microbiology
Francesco Borriello, Simon D. van Haren, Ofer Levy
Article
Immunology
Anne Marie Queenan, David J. Dowling, Wing Ki Cheng, Kellen Fae, Jeffrey Fernandez, Peter J. Flynn, Sweta Joshi, Spencer E. Brightman, Juan Ramirez, Jan Serroyen, Selma Wiertsema, Alexandre Fortanier, Germie van den Dobbeisteen, Ofer Levy, Jan Poolman
Article
Immunology
Guzman Sanchez-Schmitz, Chad R. Stevens, Ian A. Bettencourt, Peter J. Flynn, Klaus Schmitz-Abe, Gil Metser, David Hamm, Kristoffer J. Jensen, Christine Benn, Ofer Levy
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2018)
Review
Microbiology
Flor M. Munoz, Pierre Van Damme, Ener Dinleyici, Ed Clarke, Beate Kampmann, Paul T. Heath, Ofer Levy, Elke Leuridan, Clare Cutland, Ajoke Sobanjo-ter Meulen, Arnaud Marchant
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nicole Prince, Min Kim, Rachel S. Kelly, Joann Diray-Arce, Klaus Bonnelykke, Bo L. Chawes, Mengna Huang, Ofer Levy, Augusto A. Litonjua, Jakob Stokholm, Craig E. Wheelock, Hans Bisgaard, Scott T. Weiss, Jessica A. Lasky-Su
Summary: Recurrent respiratory infections are a major cause of illness and death in early childhood. This study investigates the association between steroid metabolites and infection susceptibility in children. The findings suggest that lower levels of certain steroid metabolites may indicate a higher risk of infections. Further research is needed to evaluate the potential of using steroid metabolite measurement as a screening tool for infection susceptibility during this critical developmental period.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Branden Lee, Etsuro Nanishi, Ofer Levy, David J. Dowling
Summary: Infection remains a major cause of illness and death worldwide, particularly among the very young and immunocompromised populations. Precision vaccine discovery and development aims to optimize immunizations across all age groups by studying the differences in immune systems and developing tailored vaccines for vulnerable populations.