Assessment and comparison of phagocytic function and viability of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in saliva of smokers and non-smokers

OBJECTIVES: Tobacco use is one of the most important public health problems worldwide. It is also linked to impairment of normal immunologic surveillance and defence mechanism of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Tobacco smoke and its components have been seen to affect the phagocytic ability and viability of polymorphonuclear leukocytes suggesting the pathogenesis of tobacco induced oral diseases. Aim of this study was to assess and compare the phagocytic function and viability of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in saliva of smokers and non smokers. DESIGN: The study comprised of 35 smokers and 35 non-smokers, age matched. Saliva was collected by rinsing method and the polymorphonuclear leukocytes were separated. Phagocytic activity was determined by using latex spheres as targets. Cell viability was measured using trypan blue stain. RESULTS: Salivary polymorphonuclear leukocytes in smokers showed significant reduction in the phagocytic activity by ingesting few latex spheres when compared to the nonsmokers. The viability of these cells in saliva of smokers was significantly reduced. CONCLUSIONS: The present study revealed reduced phagocytic activity and viability of salivary polymorphonuclear leukocytes in smokers compared to non-smokers. These findings indicate that smokers are more prone to gingival, periodontal and other oral diseases. Thus indicating that the health care professionals should encourage smoking cessation as an aid in preventing oral diseases. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.