Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Alberto Esquenazi, Wolfgang H. Jost, Catherine C. Turkel, Theodore Wein, Rozalina Dimitrova
Summary: Upper and lower limb spasticity often occurs after a stroke or in patients with neurological disorders, causing difficulties in mobility and daily living. The use of onabotulinumtoxinA has significantly improved the quality of life for these patients. Challenges in the treatment process included determining the muscles to inject and assessing the effectiveness. Despite these challenges, clinical trials targeting post-stroke spasticity have shown significant improvements and gained approval.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Joseph Jankovic, Jean Carruthers, Markus Naumann, Patricia Ogilvie, Terry Boodhoo, Mayssa Attar, Swati Gupta, Ritu Singh, John Soliman, Irina Yushmanova, Mitchell F. Brin, Jie Shen
Summary: This updated meta-analysis aimed to evaluate and characterize the rate of neutralizing antibody formation during treatment with onabotulinumtoxinA in various therapeutic and aesthetic indications. The results confirmed the low incidence of neutralizing antibody formation and its limited impact on treatment safety and efficacy.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Silvia Faccioli, Angela Cavalagli, Nicola Falocci, Giulia Mangano, Irene Sanfilippo, Silvia Sassi
Summary: This systematic review examined the gait analysis patterns and interventions for patients with hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs). The results revealed that HSP gait patterns are similar to those of cerebral palsy and stroke patients, with specific patterns such as knee hyperextension and reduced range of motion. Botulinum injections improved gait velocity, but also uncovered weakness. Active physical therapy and functional electrical stimulation showed potential for short-term improvements in gait velocity.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Sheng Li
Summary: Stiff knee gait (SKG), characterized by decreased knee flexion during the swing phase, is a common gait disorder following stroke. Knee extensor spasticity is considered the primary cause, and clinical management focuses on reducing this spasticity. However, recent research suggests that SKG can result from mechanical consequences between muscle spasticity, weakness, and ground reactions during walking. Sample cases in this article present various underlying mechanisms, including ankle plantar flexor spasticity, knee extensor spasticity, knee flexor and extensor coactivation, and hip flexor spasticity. Careful clinical assessment is advised to determine the primary cause in each patient, and understanding these different presentations of SKG can aid in selecting appropriate muscles for intervention.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Axel Koussou, Raphael Dumas, Eric Desailly
Summary: This study proposes a reference 3D inverse dynamics method to estimate passive joint resistance and compares it with common simplified approaches. The results show significant differences between the simplified approaches and the reference 3D inverse dynamics, highlighting the importance of using a complete 3D kinematics and dynamics model to estimate joint resistance.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Eline Flux, Marjolein M. van der Krogt, Jaap Harlaar, Annemieke Buizer, Lizeth H. Sloot
Summary: This study systematically explored the feasibility, reliability, and validity of sudden treadmill perturbations to provoke and quantify calf muscle stretch reflexes during walking in children with neurological disorders. The protocol's feasibility and reliability were demonstrated, and construct validity was shown from neurophysiological and clinical perspectives by analyzing responses to perturbations. The exaggerated velocity-dependent nature of the measured responses strongly supports the use of treadmill perturbations for quantifying stretch hyperreflexia during gait, providing a framework for informing clinical decision making and treatment evaluation.
JOURNAL OF NEUROENGINEERING AND REHABILITATION
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Marieke Geerars, Nympha Minnaar-van der Feen, Bionka M. A. Huisstede
Summary: The systematic review found that proprioceptive training and orthotic treatment are promising interventions for knee hyperextension in post-stroke gait, showing moderate evidence of effectiveness. However, no evidence was found for the effects of functional electrostimulation. More high-quality RCTs and CCTs are needed to study mid- and long-term effects of interventions on knee hyperextension in post-stroke gait.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Kiyoshi Yoshioka, Tatsunori Watanabe, Norikazu Maruyama, Mizuki Yoshioka, Keita Iino, Kimikazu Honda, Koshiro Hayashida
Summary: Gait asymmetry is common and a major risk factor for falls after stroke, especially in chronic stroke patients. However, health insurance often does not cover rehabilitation for chronic stroke patients. This study found that individually supervised exercise therapy can improve gait ability, including temporal asymmetry, in chronic stroke patients.
Article
Neurosciences
Jing Nong Liang, Kai-Yu Ho, Victor Hung, Amanda Reilly, Rachel Wood, Nikita Yuskov, Yun-Ju Lee
Summary: The study investigated the effects of enhancing somatosensory input using vibratory insoles on post-stroke gait. Results showed that suprathreshold vibratory stimulations did not alter gait kinetics, but unilateral vibratory stimuli increased dorsiflexion of the paretic ankle during walking. The findings suggest that vibratory stimulations applied at suprathreshold intensity to the bottom of the feet may potentially improve toe clearance during walking in people post-stroke.
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Takuma Ii, Satoshi Hirano, Daisuke Imoto, Yohei Otaka
Summary: This study aimed to compare the effect of gait training using Welwalk and an orthosis on gait patterns in individuals with hemiparetic stroke. The results showed that gait training using Welwalk increased step length, step width, and single support phase, while suppressing abnormal gait patterns. These findings suggest that gait training using Welwalk may promote the reacquisition of a more efficient and normal gait pattern.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROROBOTICS
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Daniele Panzeri, Chiara Genova, Geraldina Poggi, Sandra Strazzer, Emilia Biffi
Summary: This study provides insights into the rehabilitation of children and teenagers with hemiparesis using virtual reality and biofeedback. The personalized training with visual biofeedback in a virtual reality setting appears to be effective in improving motor control, gait pattern, endurance, and functional activities in individuals with hemiparesis.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Amber L. Lamarca, Matthias J. Krenn, Molly A. Kelso-Trass, Kathryn C. Macdonald, Cristina C. Demeo, Stanley F. Bazarek, Justin M. Brown
Summary: STN improved gait quality and functional mobility and was associated with high satisfaction in patients with SEF.
Article
Neurosciences
Jung-Ho Lee, Eun-Ja Kim
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effects of extracorporeal shock wave therapy on the improvement of walking ability in stroke patients. The results showed that significant improvements in spasticity reduction and increased joint angles were observed in the experimental group where shock waves were applied to both the muscle-tendon junction and the middle part of the muscle.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Jacob Spencer, Steven L. Wolf, Trisha M. Kesar
Summary: Real-time gait biofeedback holds promise for improving biomechanical deficits in post-stroke individuals, but current evidence is inconsistent. Future research should address methodological inconsistencies and develop personalized biofeedback strategies.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
John W. Chow, Dobrivoje S. Stokic
Summary: Inconsistent results in temporospatial gait variability after stroke were found. It was observed that gait variability was higher in slower speeds both in stroke subjects and healthy controls, but after controlling for gait speed, only a few temporal parameters showed increased variability related to stroke.
Article
Rehabilitation
Ning Cao, Jaclyn Barcikowski, Franklin Womble, Bianca Martinez, Yevgeniya Sergeyenko, Jacob H. Koffer, Michael Kwasniewski, Thomas Watanabe, Rui Xiao, Alberto Esquenazi
Summary: This study aimed to understand the demographic, clinical characteristics, and effectiveness of early inpatient rehabilitation of post-COVID survivors. A retrospective analysis of 100 patients admitted to a COVID rehabilitation unit was conducted, and the results showed that most patients achieved significant functional gains after inpatient rehabilitation, but some still required cognitive support at discharge.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE & REHABILITATION
(2023)
Article
Rehabilitation
Marjorie Salga, Laure Gatin, Thierry Deltombe, Thierry Gustin, Stefano Carda, Philippe Marque, Paul Winston, Rajiv Reebye, Theodore Wein, Alberto Esquenazi, Mary-Ann Keenan, Franco Molteni, Paolo Zerbinati, Alessandro Picelli, Flavia Coroian, Bertrand Coulet, Nadine Sturbois-Nachef, Christian Fontaine, Alain Yelnik, Bernard Parratte, Prakash Henry, Srikant Venkatakrishnan, Philippe Rigoard, Romain David, Philippe Denormandie, Alexis Schnitzler, Etienne Allart, Francois Genet
Summary: International recommendations for the management of spastic equinovarus foot deformity were established through the Delphi method. It is recommended to assess the impact of the deformity on functional activities and differentiate between muscle overactivity and soft tissue contractures. The treatment approach depends on the correctability of the deformity and the patient's ability to stand or walk. Preoperative assessment should involve interdisciplinary consultations to define personalized goals before surgery.
ARCHIVES OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION
(2023)
Letter
Clinical Neurology
Alberto Esquenazi, Mark Elliott, Andreas Lysandropoulos
JOURNAL OF NEURAL TRANSMISSION
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Chiara Livolsi, Roberto Conti, Eleonora Guanziroli, Thor Fridriksson, Asgeir Alexandersson, Kristleifur Kristjansson, Alberto Esquenazi, Raffaele Molino Lova, Duane Romo, Francesco Giovacchini, Simona Crea, Franco Molteni, Nicola Vitiello
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the feasibility and potential effects of a novel assistive device for gait rehabilitation in patients with acquired brain injury. The results showed that short-term gait training with the assistive device significantly improved walking performance and knee kinematics in the participants.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Alberto Esquenazi
Summary: This paper summarizes the use of video enhanced visual analysis (VEVA) as a muscle selection assistance method for abnormal foot postures in adults with upper motor neuron syndrome (UMNS) treated with botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT-A) in a real-world setting. The study found that VEVA, in addition to clinical evaluation, facilitated muscle identification and selection of ankle deformities for treatment with BoNT-A. The findings showed marked improvements in ankle Modified Ashworth Scale, Tardieu Scale, and Passive Range of Motion as indicators of pharmacological activity, as well as an increase in self-selected walking velocity as a marker of functional improvement.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Alberto Esquenazi, Wolfgang H. Jost, Catherine C. Turkel, Theodore Wein, Rozalina Dimitrova
Summary: Upper and lower limb spasticity often occurs after a stroke or in patients with neurological disorders, causing difficulties in mobility and daily living. The use of onabotulinumtoxinA has significantly improved the quality of life for these patients. Challenges in the treatment process included determining the muscles to inject and assessing the effectiveness. Despite these challenges, clinical trials targeting post-stroke spasticity have shown significant improvements and gained approval.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Dylan Edwards, Sapna Kumar, Lorie Brinkman, Isabel Cardoso Ferreira, Alberto Esquenazi, Tiffany Nguyen, Michael Su, Stephanie Stein, Jaun May, Allison Hendrix, Casey Finley, Emily Howard, Steven C. Cramer
Summary: The study examines the feasibility, safety, and potential efficacy of a telerehabilitation program for stroke patients. The results show that intensive telerehabilitation therapy is feasible, safe, and may have positive effects on motor function improvement.
NEUROREHABILITATION AND NEURAL REPAIR
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Clinical Neurology
Erin McGonigle, Sherry Downie, Alberto Esquenazi, Gerard E. Francisco, Monica Verduzco-Gutierrez, Kimberly Ifantides, Amin Boroujerdi, Adam Buser, Gaurang Patel, Nicholas Ketchum
Meeting Abstract
Clinical Neurology
G. Bavikatte, G. Francisco, A. Esquenazi, A. Baricich, T. Musacchio, R. Jukic, W. Jost
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STROKE
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Daniel S. Bandari, Angeli Mayadev, Mohamed Sakel, Alberto Esquenazi, Aleksej Zuzek, Joan Largent, Gerard E. Francisco
Meeting Abstract
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Ganesh Bavikatte, Gerard E. Francisco, Alberto Esquenazi, Michael A. Dimyan, Kenneth Ngo, Marc Schwartz, Aleks Zuzek, Wolfgang H. Jost
Meeting Abstract
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Alberto Esquenazi, Wuwei Feng, George F. Wittenberg, Philippe Gallien, Alessio Baricich, Kristina Fanning, Aleksej Zuzek, Gerard E. Francisco, Daniel S. Bandari
Meeting Abstract
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Gerard E. Francisco, Wayne Feng, Michael C. Munin, Kenneth Ngo, Marc Schwartz, Marjan Sadeghi, Aleks Zuzek, Alberto Esquenazi
Meeting Abstract
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Erin McGonigle, Sherry A. Downie, Alberto Esquenazi, Gerard E. Francisco, Monica Verduzco-Gutierrez, Kimberly Ifantides, Amin Boroujerdi, Adam Buser, Gaurang Patel, Nicholas Ketchum
Meeting Abstract
Clinical Neurology
G. Bavikatte, G. Francisco, A. Esquenazi, M. Schwartz, T. Musacchio, W. Jost
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Mohammadhossein Movassaghghazani, Nazanin Shabansalmani
Summary: The study revealed high levels of AFM1 in both breast milk and powdered milk samples in Tehran, with some samples exceeding the established limits. Therefore, monitoring and regulating toxin levels in these products is crucial for maternal and infant health.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Defeng Wen, Wantong Han, Quan Chen, Guanhui Qi, Mengling Gao, Pu Guo, Yu Liu, Zhongyuan Wu, Shulin Fu, Qirong Lu, Yinsheng Qiu
Summary: Luteolin can inhibit FB1-induced intestinal inflammatory injury by inhibiting the activation of NF-kappa B and ERK signaling pathways, according to network pharmacology and in vitro experiments.
