Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Wolfgang Kemmler, Matthias Kohl, Michael Froehlich, Daniel Schoene, Simon von Stengel
Summary: Older men with sarcopenia showed significant improvements in muscle mass index and hip/leg-extensor strength after 18 months of high intensity resistance exercise, even after detraining for 6 months. While other outcomes decreased during detraining, overall effects were still observed after 24 months.
Review
Physiology
Hassane Zouhal, Abdel Jalil Berro, Sarah Kazwini, Ayoub Saeidi, Ayyappan Jayavel, Cain C. T. Clark, Anthony C. Hackney, Trisha A. VanDusseldorp, Abderraouf Ben Abderrahman, Rawad El Hage
Summary: Physical training has little to no effect on whole body bone mineral density (WB BMD) in individuals with overweight/obesity. Currently, there is insufficient evidence to recommend any specific type of exercise for enhancing bone health in overweight/obese individuals.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Alexios Batrakoulis, Panagiotis Tsimeas, Chariklia K. Deli, Dimitrios Vlachopoulos, Esther Ubago-Guisado, Athanasios Poulios, Athanasios Chatzinikolaou, Dimitrios Draganidis, Konstantinos Papanikolaou, Kalliopi Georgakouli, Dimitrios Batsilas, Luis Gracia-Marco, Athanasios Z. Jamurtas, Ioannis Fatouros
Summary: This study found that a 10-month high-intensity interval-type neuromuscular training programme significantly improved musculoskeletal fitness in overweight and obese women, leading to changes in muscular strength, endurance, flexibility, and balance. After five months of detraining, the improvements were reduced but not completely abolished.
JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Robin M. Daly, Jack Dalla Via, Jackson J. Fyfe, Riku Nikander, Sonja Kukuljan
Summary: This study found that exercise frequency and training volume were positively associated with changes in hip and spine bone mineral density over 18 months. Men who completed 1 to 2 sessions per week had a greater increase in hip BMD, while those completing more than 2 sessions per week had a higher increase in spine trabecular BMD compared to non-exercising men. Additionally, the number of impact loads per session was more important than the weight lifted in predicting positive skeletal responses in middle-aged and older men.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Alba Camacho-Cardenosa, Marta Camacho-Cardenosa, Ismael Martinez-Guardado, Alejo Leal, Jose Maria Villa Andrada, Rafael Timon
Summary: This study investigated the effects of normobaric cyclic hypoxic exposure combined with resistance circuit training on bone in older adults. The results showed that hypoxia combined with resistance training decreased bone turnover markers but did not significantly affect bone mineral density. A portion of participants in the hypoxia group reached clinically significant changes in femoral neck and trochanter bone mineral density.
EXPERIMENTAL GERONTOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Menno Henselmans, Thomas Bjornsen, Richie Hedderman, Fredrik Tonstad Varvik
Summary: The effect of carbohydrate intake on strength training performance has not been systematically analyzed. Acute supplementation and short-term manipulation did not show beneficial effects, while long-term manipulation had inconsistent results. Carbohydrate intake has minimal impact on workouts consisting of up to 10 sets per muscle group, but may benefit performance during higher intensity workouts. More research is needed for further validation.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Hae Sung Lee, Jae Hwan Kim, Hyun Ju Oh, Jong Hee Kim
Summary: In this study, interval exercise training in dogs led to increased bone mineral density (BMD) in the femur and higher levels of serum total alkaline phosphatase (TALP), aspartate aminotransferase, and creatine kinase. The positive relationship between BMD and TALP suggests that increased TALP levels may play a role in enhancing BMD with exercise in dogs.
Article
Orthopedics
Lora Giangregorio, Robert Bleakney, Sheila Brien, Scotty Butcher, Brian Chan, Philip Chilibeck, Michaela Devries, Larry Funnell, Ravi Jain, Heather Keller, James Milligan, Marina Mourtzakis, Bonny O'Hare, Lehana Thabane, Angela Cheung
Summary: This trial aims to evaluate the effect of resistance training on lumbar spine bone mineral density in individuals with low BMD, and also examine its impact on other health outcomes, cost effectiveness, and potential harms.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Veronica Giraldez-Costas, Carlos Ruiz-Moreno, Jaime Gonzalez-Garcia, Beatriz Lara, Juan Del Coso, Juan Jose Salinero
Summary: Previous research has shown that acute caffeine intake can enhance speed and power during bench press exercises. However, this study found that pre-exercise caffeine intake did not affect improvements in 1RM during a 4-week bench press strength training program, but did induce more muscle performance adaptations over a wider range of loads.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Physiology
Sasa Duric, Olivera M. Knezevic, Vedrana Sember, Ivan Cuk, Aleksandar Nedeljkovic, Maja Pajek, Dragan M. Mirkov
Summary: The study aimed to investigate resistance-specific gains in muscle power and strength following different types of resistance training. The results showed significant improvements in average and maximum power, as well as 1RM, in the experimental groups compared to the control group. Training against specific resistance types led to higher gains in power, indicating the importance of resistance-specific training for muscle strength improvement.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jeremy R. Manning, Gina M. Notaro, Esme Chen, Paxton C. Fitzpatrick
Summary: Physical activity has benefits for both physical and mental well-being, and different forms of exercise have different effects on physical fitness. This study found that different intensities of physical activity are related to different aspects of memory and mental health.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Asier Manas, Paola Gomez-Redondo, Pedro L. Valenzuela, Javier S. Morales, Alejandro Lucia, Ignacio Ara
Summary: Home-based resistance training (UHBRT) shows safety and modest effectiveness in improving lower-limb muscle strength, balance, and muscle power in community-dwelling older adults. However, its impact on other physical fitness measures, quality of life, and falls remains inconclusive, requiring further evidence for definite conclusions.
AGEING RESEARCH REVIEWS
(2021)
Review
Orthopedics
Matteo Ponzano, Isabel B. Rodrigues, Zeinab Hosseini, Maureen C. Ashe, Debra A. Butt, Philip D. Chilibeck, Jackie Stapleton, Lehana Thabane, John D. Wark, Lora M. Giangregorio
Summary: The study found that progressive resistance training can improve femoral neck BMD, health-related quality of life, and physical functioning in individuals at risk of fractures, as well as reduce pain. However, the effects of progressive resistance training on the risk of falls remain uncertain.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Sherrie Khadanga, Patrick D. Savage, Anton Pecha, Jason Rengo, Philip A. Ades
Summary: In this randomized clinical trial, a combination of HIIT and intensive lower extremity RT showed enhanced exercise training response for women in cardiac rehabilitation compared to standard exercise training, with significantly greater improvements in both peak Vo(2) and leg strength in the HIIT group.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ryan A. Tamilio, Neil D. Clarke, Michael J. Duncan, Rhys Morris, Jozo Grgic, Jason Tallis
Summary: This study found that acute caffeine consumption improved muscle strength performance in the elbow and knee joints even with chronic caffeine intake. Resistance training intervention resulted in significant improvements in upper and lower body strength, with similar effects between the caffeine and placebo groups.
Article
Orthopedics
Michael Beere, Jay R. Ebert, Brendan Joss, Timothy Ackland
Summary: This study investigated the suitability of isometric strength testing methods as an alternative to isokinetic assessment for identifying knee extensor strength asymmetry. The results suggest that isometric methods can be used to assess knee extensor strength in the absence of isokinetic testing equipment, with consideration of test angles being important. ACL reconstruction patients demonstrated greater asymmetry in knee extensor strength compared to healthy controls, highlighting the importance of assessing strength deficits in this population.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Matthew D. McDonald, Kate Hunt, Hamsini Sivaramakrishnan, Joanna Moullin, Alison Avenell, Deborah A. Kerr, Jack M. Birch, Nikos Ntoumanis, Eleanor Quested
Summary: This study examines the extent to which socioeconomic factors are considered in trials of weight management interventions for men. It finds that there is room for improvement in the consideration of these factors during intervention design, conduct, and reporting.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Clare Whitton, Janelle D. Healy, Satvinder S. Dhaliwal, Charlene Shoneye, Amelia J. Harray, Barbara A. Mullan, Joanne A. McVeigh, Carol J. Boushey, Deborah A. Kerr
Summary: Improving dietary reporting among people living with obesity is challenging due to various factors that affect reporting accuracy. This study found that higher BMI and a greater need for social approval were associated with lower likelihood of reporting accurate dietary intake. In addition, reactive reporting during the measurement process should be taken into consideration.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Education, Scientific Disciplines
Jennifer N. Baldwin, Rebecca L. Haslam, Erin Clarke, John Attia, Melinda J. Hutchesson, Megan E. Rollo, Robin Callister, Tracy Burrows, Helen Truby, Tracy A. McCaffrey, Leanne Hides, Billie Bonevski, Deborah A. Kerr, Sharon Kirkpatrick, Clare E. Collins
Summary: The study found that diet quality in young adults is influenced by perceived competence, habit automaticity, and self-determined motivation. Higher levels of these factors are associated with healthier eating habits, highlighting the importance of interventions that promote healthy eating habits.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Marie K. Fialkowski, Jessie Kai, Christina Young, Gemady Langfelder, Jacqueline Ng-Osorio, Zeman Shao, Fengqing Zhu, Deborah A. Kerr, Carol J. Boushey
Summary: The study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and usability of surrogate reporters using an image-based mobile food record to track infants' diets. Findings showed that the majority of surrogate reporters were able to use the tool to accurately record infants' eating occasions, with a high quality of submitted images.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Eleanor Dunlop, Anthony P. James, Judy Cunningham, Anna Rangan, Alison Daly, Mairead Kiely, Caryl A. Nowson, Paul Adorno, Paul Atyeo, Lucinda J. Black
Summary: Low vitamin D status and intake are prevalent in Australia. Adding vitamin D to fluid dairy milks and alternatives can increase intake, but additional strategies are needed to ensure optimal intake.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Charlene L. Shoneye, Dominika Kwasnicka, Barbara Mullan, Christina M. Pollard, Carol J. Boushey, Deborah A. Kerr
Summary: This study systematically reviewed the dietary assessment methods in digital weight loss interventions and found the heterogeneity in these methods may explain the range of outcomes. Most digital dietary feedback focused on reducing energy intake without providing feedback to enhance diet quality.
JOURNAL OF HUMAN NUTRITION AND DIETETICS
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Amelia J. Harray, Carol J. Boushey, Christina M. Pollard, Satvinder S. Dhaliwal, Syed Aqif Mukhtar, Edward J. Delp, Deborah A. Kerr
Summary: This study developed a theoretically derived Healthy and Sustainable Diet Index (HSDI), providing a new reference standard to assess adherence to a healthy and sustainable diet. The research found that participants who consumed meat were less likely to eat vegetables, while those who consumed non-animal protein foods were more likely to consume fruits, vegetables, and dairy products.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Marc K. K. Smith, Jonathan M. D. Staynor, Amar El-Sallam, Jay R. R. Ebert, Tim R. R. Ackland
Summary: Smartphone applications now provide accessible in-home monitoring of individual health biomarkers. This research assessed the longitudinal agreement of a novel smartphone application for measuring body composition during a weight loss intervention. The results showed small mean differences between the smartphone app and the ground truth methods, indicating acceptable accuracy. The smartphone app offers significant benefits in terms of cost, accessibility, and user comfort.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Orthopedics
Benjamin A. Southi, Callum Fryer, Jay Ebert, Tim Ackland, Markus S. Kuster, Nicholas D. Calvert
Summary: This study compared the kneeling ability and self-reported knee function of patients with distal tibia fractures managed with either intramedullary nailing (IMN) or open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) with compression plating. The results showed that patients with IMN had significantly worse kneeling function compared to their non-affected limb and the ORIF group. Additionally, the IMN group had worse overall knee function compared to the ORIF group.
ORTHOPAEDICS & TRAUMATOLOGY-SURGERY & RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Judi Porter, Nathan Cook, Ranil Coorey, Don Gunasekera, Martin Hensher, Deborah A. Kerr, Christina M. Pollard, Serene Yoong, Gary Dykes, Mark Lawrence
Summary: This review examines studies on new or innovative food, drink, and snack products in health and aged care, as well as their health and environmental sustainability considerations. The findings suggest that there is a convergence between food industry suppliers and food services in hospitals and aged care facilities, which could lead to transformative effects for both sectors.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Liyuwork Mitiku Dana, Janine Wright, Rebecca Ward, Jaya A. R. Dantas, Satvinder S. S. Dhaliwal, Blake Lawrence, Moira O'Connor, Sue Booth, Deborah A. A. Kerr, Christina M. M. Pollard
Summary: Food insecurity among university students, especially international students and those with children, increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychological distress and nationality were factors associated with food insecurity. The findings highlight the importance of targeted interventions to mitigate the risk of food insecurity among Australian university students, particularly international students, students with children, and those experiencing psychological distress.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Glenn Cardwell, Janet F. Bornman, Anthony P. James, Alison Daly, Eleanor Dunlop, Georgios Dabos, Paul Adorno, Lucinda J. Black
Summary: Fresh mushrooms exposed to UV radiation prior to drying generate high concentrations of vitamin D2. The retention of D vitamers in mushrooms pulse UV irradiated, air dried, and stored for up to 12 months was determined. After storage, vitamin D-2 showed 100%, 93%, and 58% retention, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D-2 showed 88%, 71%, and 68% retention at 3, 6, and 12 months, respectively. Sufficient vitamin D-2 (99 μg) remained after 12 months storage to provide at least 100% of daily dietary vitamin D requirements in a 20 g serving.
Review
Sport Sciences
Therese Fostervold Mathisen, Timothy Ackland, Louise M. Burke, Naama Constantini, Judith Haudum, Lindsay S. Macnaughton, Nanna L. Meyer, Margo Mountjoy, Gary Slater, Jorunn Sundgot-Borgen
Summary: Higher body fat levels are negatively associated with endurance performance, while an increase in muscle mass leads to performance benefits in various sports. Body composition does not contribute to early talent identification and there is no specific cutoff indicating a performance advantage. The survey revealed changes in body composition considerations over time, such as an increased role for sport dietitians/nutrition practitioners in measuring body composition. Recommendations are provided to address concerns related to body composition, with a focus on reducing the risk of disordered eating, problematic low energy availability, and REDs.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Kaveri Pathak, Yun Zhao, Emily K. Calton, Anthony P. James, Philip Newsholme, Jill Sherriff, Mario J. Soares
Summary: This study suggests that short-term leucine supplementation during energy restriction can help preserve fat-free mass and lean tissue mass, particularly in men. However, leucine supplementation does not have an impact on glucose metabolism.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2023)