Article
Genetics & Heredity
Ying Zhu, Ruyi Wang, Yun Cheng, Yang Han, Tengyan Li, Yunxia Cao, Binbin Wang
Summary: Among the 248 Chinese women affected by MA, only one patient was found to have a heterozygous deletion of WNT4. This study provides evidence that CNVs of WNT4 may play a role in the development of MA, indicating a potential genetic basis for future precision treatments.
ORPHANET JOURNAL OF RARE DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yu Chen, Amy Y. Wang, Courtney A. Barkley, Yixin Zhang, Xinyang Zhao, Min Gao, Mick D. Edmonds, Zechen Chong
Summary: The authors developed DeBreak, an algorithm for comprehensive and accurate structural variant (SV) detection in long-read sequencing data, which outperforms existing SV callers.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Joseph T. Glessner, Xiurui Hou, Cheng Zhong, Jie Zhang, Munir Khan, Fabian Brand, Peter Krawitz, Patrick M. A. Sleiman, Hakon Hakonarson, Zhi Wei
Summary: Copy number variations (CNVs) are important in disease pathogenesis, but detection and validation remain challenging. DeepCNV, a deep learning-based tool, improves CNV call accuracy and reduces false positives and failures in CNV-disease association results.
BRIEFINGS IN BIOINFORMATICS
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Yaxi Xu, Jian Hu, Wenlei Fan, Hehe Liu, Yunsheng Zhang, Zhanbao Guo, Wei Huang, Xiaolin Liu, Shuisheng Hou
Summary: This study discovered the existence of variations in the number of cervical vertebrae in duck populations. Most ducks had 15 cervical vertebrae, while a small number had 14 or 16. The number of cervical vertebrae had a positive influence on neck production, with each additional cervical vertebra resulting in an increase of 11 g or 2 cm in duck neck length. Through genome-wide analysis, six copy number variations (CNVs) associated with the number of cervical vertebrae were identified, with the associated CNV regions containing 15 genes including WNT10A and WNT6. These findings are important for understanding variations in the number of vertebrae in ducks and provide a foundation for future duck breeding.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Jixiang Yu, Nanjun Chen, Zetian Zheng, Ming Gao, Ning Liang, Ka-Chun Wong
Summary: The detection of chromothripsis events can be inferred from CNV data using structure learning and a neural network based on Graph Transformer. This proposed method provides a reliable and accurate approach to detect chromothripsis.
Article
Dermatology
Q. Zhen, Y. Zhang, Y. Yu, H. Yang, T. Zhang, X. Li, X. Mo, B. Li, J. Wu, Y. Liang, H. Ge, Q. Xu, W. Chen, W. Qian, H. Xu, G. Chen, B. Bai, J. Zhang, Y. Lu, S. Chen, H. Zhang, X. Chen, X. Jin, X. Lin, L. Yong, M. Fang, J. Zhao, S. Wu, D. Jiang, J. Shi, H. Cao, Y. Qiu, S. Li, X. Kang, J. Shen, H. Ma, S. Sun, Y. Fan, M. Bai, Q. Jiang, W. Li, C. Lv, M. Chen, F. Li, Y. Li, L. Sun
Summary: The study identified novel structural variations (SVs) associated with psoriasis through genome-wide screening, enriching the understanding of the genetic architecture and pathogenesis of the disease. The impact of SVs on complex diseases, such as psoriasis, was highlighted, emphasizing the importance of considering SVs in genetic studies of complex diseases.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Jinsheng Xu, Weihan Zhang, Ping Zhang, Weicheng Sun, Yuepeng Han, Li Li
Summary: This study identified 914,610 CNVs and 14,839 CNVRs from 346 apple accessions. CNVRs accounted for 10.03% of the apple genome and accurately reflected the population structure of apple. The CNVRs covered 3,621 genes involved in biological processes and identified 127 CN-differentiated genes that may contribute to trait differences between cultivars and wild relatives.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Meiying Cai, Na Lin, Xuemei Chen, Meimei Fu, Nan Guo, Liangpu Xu, Hailong Huang
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the genetic etiology and clinical value of chromosomal abnormalities and copy number variations (CNVs) in fetuses with ultrasonic soft markers. It found a considerable proportion of chromosomal abnormalities and abnormal CNVs in these fetuses, with the SNP array fully complementing conventional karyotyping and improving the detection rate of chromosomal abnormalities.
BMC MEDICAL GENOMICS
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Kangqi Lv, Dayang Chen, Dan Xiong, Huamei Tang, Tong Ou, Lijuan Kan, Xiuming Zhang
Summary: This study developed a functional deleteriousness-based model of CNV (dbCNV) to predict the pathogenicity of CNVs and provide a deeper understanding of the pathogenic mechanism.
Article
Microbiology
Sean A. Bergin, Fang Zhao, Adam P. Ryan, Carolin A. Muller, Conrad A. Nieduszynski, Bing Zhai, Thierry Rolling, Tobias M. Hohl, Florent Morio, Jillian Scully, Kenneth H. Wolfe, Geraldine Butler
Summary: We analyzed the genomes of 170 C. parapsilosis isolates and identified multiple copy number variations (CNVs). We found that the increased copy number of the RTA3 gene is associated with resistance to the drug miltefosine. Additionally, we discovered that mutations in flippase genes can also contribute to resistance.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Yi Bi, Zhiying Wang, Qian Wang, Hongfei Liu, Zhengang Guo, Chuanying Pan, Hong Chen, Haijing Zhu, Lian Wu, Xianyong Lan
Summary: The FecB gene, first identified in Booroola sheep, is a major fertility-related gene. This study found five copy number variations (CNVs) within the FecB gene that are significantly associated with goat morphometric traits. CNV3 was identified as the dominant type, displaying superior phenotypes in litter size and morphometric traits, making it an effective marker for goat breeding. The study also revealed that these CNVs could bind to growth-related transcription factors (TFs) and indirectly affect goat growth development.
Article
Neurosciences
Kamila Szecowka, Blazej Misiak, Izabela Laczmanska, Dorota Frydecka, Ahmed A. Moustafa
Summary: Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Understanding the genetic liability contributing to schizophrenia could lead to improved therapy and new treatment methods. Research focuses on genetic variants, such as copy number variations (CNVs) or single-nucleotide variants (SNVs). Certain CNVs, such as those associated with 22q11.2 microdeletion syndrome or 1q21.1 microduplication/microdeletion syndrome, increase the risk of developing schizophrenia. This article provides a unifying framework linking these CNVs and associated genetic disorders to schizophrenia and its various neural and behavioral abnormalities.
MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Jan Barinka, Zunsong Hu, Lu Wang, David A. Wheeler, Delaram Rahbarinia, Clay McLeod, Zhaohui Gu, Charles G. Mullighan
Summary: In this study, the authors describe a method called RNAseqCNV for detecting CNVs from RNA-seq data. They used models based on gene expression and minor allele frequency to accurately classify CNVs in ALL and AML. The results showed that RNAseqCNV outperforms other algorithms in detecting CNVs in the ALL dataset and the calls were highly concordant with DNA-based CNV results.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Rosalia Di Gerlando, Salvatore Mastrangelo, Marco Tolone, Ilaria Rizzuto, Anna Maria Sutera, Angelo Moscarelli, Baldassare Portolano, Maria Teresa Sardina
Summary: The aim of this study was to identify CNVs and perform a CNV-based population genetics analysis in five Italian sheep breeds. The results showed that the five breeds tend to cluster in distinct groups, and gene enrichment analysis revealed genes involved in lipid metabolism, immune response, and the olfactory pathway.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Xing Xin, Peng Xu, Nan Wang, Yi Jiang, Jiaqiao Zhang, Shufang Li, Ying Zhu, Cong Zhang, Long Zhang, Hailong Huang, Ling Feng, Shaoshuai Wang
Summary: This study analyzed the karyotypes and CNVs of 1157 patients with azoospermia and oligospermia, and identified abnormal chromosomes and genes associated with these conditions, as well as high-frequency CNV loci.
BMC MEDICAL GENOMICS
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Anna Lahdepuro, Marius Lahti-Pulkkinen, Riikka Pyhala, Soile Tuovinen, Jari Lahti, Kati Heinonen, Hannele Laivuori, Pia M. Villa, Rebecca M. Reynolds, Eero Kajantie, Polina Girchenko, Katri Raikkonen
Summary: The study found that positive maternal mental health during pregnancy is associated with a reduced risk of mental and behavioral disorders in children. This association is also seen in children of mothers facing mental health issues.
JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Nursing
Maiju Kekki, Anne Salonen, Topias Koukkula, Hannele Laivuori, Kati Tihtonen, Tuomas T. Huttunen
Summary: The incidence of birth-related clavicle fractures in Finland has decreased, possibly due to a reduction in fracture incidence among deliveries without known risk factors and a decrease in birthweight >= 4000 g, despite most risk factors remaining stable or increasing.
BIRTH-ISSUES IN PERINATAL CARE
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Aino Korhonen, Liisa Verho, Karoliina Aarnio, Kirsi Rantanen, Anna Saaros, Hannele Laivuori, Mika Gissler, Minna Tikkanen, Petra Ijas
Summary: This nationwide population-based cohort study in Finland found that pregnancy-related subarachnoid hemorrhage (pSAH) is rare but has high mortality and morbidity. The study showed that the incidence of pSAH has not significantly changed over time, but the age of the mother has an impact on the incidence. Most pSAH cases were aneurysmal and these patients had higher mortality and morbidity rates.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mitja Kurki, Juha Karjalainen, Priit Palta, Timo P. Sipila, Kati Kristiansson, Kati M. Donner, Mary P. Reeve, Hannele Laivuori, Mervi Aavikko, Mari A. Kaunisto, Anu Loukola, Elisa Lahtela, Hannele Mattsson, Paivi Laiho, Pietro Della Briotta Parolo, Arto A. Lehisto, Masahiro Kanai, Nina Mars, Joel Ramo, Tuomo Kiiskinen, Henrike O. Heyne, Kumar Veerapen, Sina Rueger, Susanna Lemmela, Wei Zhou, Sanni Ruotsalainen, Kalle Parn, Tero Hiekkalinna, Sami Koskelainen, Teemu Paajanen, Vincent Llorens, Javier Gracia-Tabuenca, Harri Siirtola, Kadri Reis, Abdelrahman G. Elnahas, Benjamin Sun, Christopher N. Foley, Katriina Aalto-Setala, Kaur Alasoo, Mikko Arvas, Kirsi Auro, Shameek Biswas, Argyro Bizaki-Vallaskangas, Olli Carpen, Chia-Yen Chen, Oluwaseun A. Dada, Zhihao Ding, Margaret G. Ehm, Kari Eklund, Martti Farkkila, Hilary Finucane, Andrea Ganna, Awaisa Ghazal, Robert R. Graham, Eric M. Green, Antti Hakanen, Marco Hautalahti, Asa K. Hedman, Mikko Hiltunen, Reetta Hinttala, Iiris Hovatta, Xinli Hu, Adriana Huertas-Vazquez, Laura Huilaja, Julie Hunkapiller, Howard Jacob, Jan-Nygaard Jensen, Heikki Joensuu, Sally John, Valtteri Julkunen, Marc Jung, Juhani Junttila, Kai Kaarniranta, Mika Kahonen, Risto Kajanne, Lila Kallio, Reetta Kalviainen, Jaakko Kaprio, Nurlan Kerimov, Johannes Kettunen, Elina Kilpelainen, Terhi Kilpi, Katherine Klinger, Veli-Matti Kosma, Teijo Kuopio, Venla Kurra, Triin Laisk, Jari Laukkanen, Nathan Lawless, Aoxing Liu, Simonne Longerich, Reedik Magi, Johanna Makela, Antti Makitie, Anders Malarstig, Arto Mannermaa, Joseph Maranville, Athena Matakidou, Tuomo Meretoja, Sahar Mozaffari, Mari E. K. Niemi, Marianna Niemi, Teemu Niiranen, George Okafo, Hanna M. Ollila, Antti Palomaki, Tuula Palotie, Jukka Partanen, Dirk S. Paul, Margit Pelkonen, Rion K. Pendergrass, Slave Petrovski, Anne Pitkaranta, Adam Platt, David Pulford, Eero Punkka, Pirkko Pussinen, Neha Raghavan, Fedik Rahimov, Deepak Rajpal, Nicole A. Renaud, Bridget Riley-Gillis, Rodosthenis Rodosthenous, Elmo Saarentaus, Aino Salminen, Eveliina Salminen, Veikko Salomaa, Johanna Schleutker, Raisa Serpi, Huei-yi Shen, Richard Siegel, Kaisa Silander, Sanna Siltanen, Sirpa Soini, Hilkka Soininen, Jae Hoon Sul, Ioanna Tachmazidou, Kaisa Tasanen, Pentti Tienari, Sanna Toppila-Salmi, Taru Tukiainen, Tiinamaija Tuomi, Joni A. Turunen, Jacob C. Ulirsch, Felix Vaura, Petri Virolainen, Jeffrey Waring, Dawn Waterworth, Robert Yang, Mari Nelis, Anu Reigo, Andres Metspalu, Lili Milani, Tonu Esko, Caroline Fox, Aki S. Havulinna, Markus Perola, Samuli Ripatti, Anu Jalanko, Tarja Laitinen, Tomi P. Makela, Robert Plenge, Mark McCarthy, Heiko Runz, Mark J. Daly, Aarno Palotie
Summary: Population isolates, like those in Finland, provide valuable insights for genetic research due to the concentration of deleterious alleles in low-frequency variants. FinnGen aims to study the genome and health data of 500,000 Finnish individuals, enabling the identification of new associations and the exploration of their implications for common diseases. The study identified 30 new associations and 2,733 genome-wide significant associations, highlighting the power of bottlenecked populations in uncovering disease biology.
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Liisa Verho, Minna Tikkanen, Outi Ayras, Karoliina Aarnio, Kirsi Rantanen, Aino Korhonen, Anna Richardt, Hannele Laivuori, Mika Gissler, Petra Ijas
Summary: This study aims to compare the outcomes of subsequent pregnancies between women with a previous pregnancy-associated stroke (PAS) and matched controls. The results show that women with a previous PAS are more likely to experience hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and any diabetes during pregnancy in their subsequent pregnancies, and the risk of PAS recurrence is considerable.
BJOG-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Vilma Lankinen, Mika Helminen, Karim Bakti, Jarmo Valipakka, Hannele Laivuori, Anna Hyvarinen
Summary: The purpose of this study was to further evaluate known risk factors of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), find associations with more severe dysplasia (characterized with Ortolani positivity), and find risk factors of failure of the Pavlik harness treatment. The results indicate that breech presentation is strongly associated with Ortolani positive DDH, and positive family history and girl sex are associated with the most severe cases and may predispose to the failure of Pavlik harness treatment.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Jaakko S. Tyrmi, Tea Kaartokallio, A. Inkeri Lokki, Tiina Jaaskelainen, Eija Kortelainen, Sanni Ruotsalainen, Juha Karjalainen, Samuli Ripatti, Anna Kivioja, Triin Laisk, Johannes Kettunen, Anneli Pouta, Katja Kivinen, Eero Kajantie, Seppo Heinonen, Juha Kere, Hannele Laivuori
Summary: This study used a genome-wide association study to uncover the genetic factors underlying preeclampsia and maternal hypertension during pregnancy. The analysis identified several novel genetic associations and found that genes related to blood pressure traits are also associated with preeclampsia. These findings suggest a connection between cardiovascular function and the development of preeclampsia.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Teresa Vest, Kirsi Rantanen, Liisa Verho, Karoliina Aarnio, Aino Korhonen, Anna Richardt, Daniel Strbian, Mika Gissler, Hannele Laivuori, Minna Tikkanen, Petra Ijas
Summary: Intracerebral hemorrhage during pregnancy or puerperium (pICH) is a major cause of maternal death globally, but limited epidemiological data exist on its etiology and outcomes. This study found that hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDPs) were the main risk factor for pICH, with high maternal mortality and a significant proportion of surviving women experiencing severe disabilities three months later. Therefore, early recognition and treatment of HDPs are crucial in preventing this serious pregnancy complication.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Jenni Kinnunen, Hilkka Nikkinen, Elina Keikkala, Sanna Mustaniemi, Mika Gissler, Hannele Laivuori, Johan G. Eriksson, Risto Kaaja, Anneli Pouta, Eero Kajantie, Marja Vaarasmaki
Summary: There is an association between gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and congenital anomalies (CAs) in offspring. Babies exposed to GDM have a higher risk of major CAs. Other risk factors, such as older maternal age and higher pre-pregnancy BMI, contribute to the increased prevalence of major CAs in GDM-exposed group.
BMC PREGNANCY AND CHILDBIRTH
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sanna Mustaniemi, Elina Keikkala, Eero Kajantie, Markku Nurhonen, Antti Jylha, Laure Morin-Papunen, Hanna Ohman, Tuija Mannisto, Hannele Laivuori, Johan Eriksson, Reijo Laaksonen, Marja Vaarasmaki
Summary: This study suggests that the concentrations of four ceramides in early pregnancy are associated with the development of gestational diabetes. The highest quartiles of ceramide concentrations, along with high levels of triglycerides and LDL, are independent predictors of GDM.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Anu Pasanen, Minna K. Karjalainen, Ge Zhang, Heli Tiensuu, Antti M. Haapalainen, Marja Ojaniemi, Bjarke Feenstra, Bo Jacobsson, Aarno Palotie, Hannele Laivuori, Louis J. Muglia, Mika Ramet, Mikko Hallman
Summary: We conducted a genome-wide meta-analysis on gestational duration and spontaneous preterm birth in European mothers. Our findings identified novel genetic risk loci associated with preterm birth and gestational duration. The data suggests potential regulatory mechanisms for these loci. Further research is needed to fully understand the causal genetic mechanisms and develop strategies for prevention and treatment of preterm birth.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Michelle Renlund, Tiina Jaaskelainen, Anni Kivela, Seppo Heinonen, Hannele Laivuori, Taisto Sarkola
Summary: The peripheral artery IMT of PE-exposed children is identical to that of non-PE-exposed children, but associated with blood pressure. Adiposity is related to local carotid artery stiffness.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Anna Lahdepuro, Marius Lahti-Pulkkinen, Polina Girchenko, Pia M. Villa, Kati Heinonen, Jari Lahti, Riikka Pyhala, Hannele Laivuori, Eero Kajantie, Katri Raikkonen
Summary: Positive maternal mental health during pregnancy has a positive impact on children's psychiatric problems. This study found that higher positive maternal mental health scores during pregnancy were associated with lower total psychiatric problem scores in both early and late childhood.
DEVELOPMENT AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY
(2023)
Correction
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mitja I. Kurki, Juha Karjalainen, Priit Palta, Timo P. Sipila, Kati Kristiansson, Kati M. Donner, Mary P. Reeve, Hannele Laivuori, Mervi Aavikko, Mari A. Kaunisto, Anu Loukola, Elisa Lahtela, Hannele Mattsson, Paivi Laiho, Pietro Della Briotta Parolo, Arto A. Lehisto, Masahiro Kanai, Nina Mars, Joel Ramo, Tuomo Kiiskinen, Henrike O. Heyne, Kumar Veerapen, Sina Rueger, Susanna Lemmela, Wei Zhou, Sanni Ruotsalainen, Kalle Parn, Tero Hiekkalinna, Sami Koskelainen, Teemu Paajanen, Vincent Llorens, Javier Gracia-Tabuenca, Harri Siirtola, Kadri Reis, Abdelrahman G. Elnahas, Benjamin Sun, Christopher N. Foley, Katriina Aalto-Setala, Kaur Alasoo, Mikko Arvas, Kirsi Auro, Shameek Biswas, Argyro Bizaki-Vallaskangas, Olli Carpen, Chia-Yen Chen, Oluwaseun A. Dada, Zhihao Ding, Margaret G. Ehm, Kari Eklund, Martti Farkkila, Hilary Finucane, Andrea Ganna, Awaisa Ghazal, Robert R. Graham, Eric M. Green, Antti Hakanen, Marco Hautalahti, Asa K. Hedman, Mikko Hiltunen, Reetta Hinttala, Iiris Hovatta, Xinli Hu, Adriana Huertas-Vazquez, Laura Huilaja, Julie Hunkapiller, Howard Jacob, Jan-Nygaard Jensen, Heikki Joensuu, Sally John, Valtteri Julkunen, Marc Jung, Juhani Junttila, Kai Kaarniranta, Mika Kahonen, Risto Kajanne, Lila Kallio, Reetta Kalviainen, Jaakko Kaprio, Nurlan Kerimov, Johannes Kettunen, Elina Kilpelainen, Terhi Kilpi, Katherine Klinger, Veli-Matti Kosma, Teijo Kuopio, Venla Kurra, Triin Laisk, Jari Laukkanen, Nathan Lawless, Aoxing Liu, Simonne Longerich, Reedik Magi, Johanna Makela, Antti Makitie, Anders Malarstig, Arto Mannermaa, Joseph Maranville, Athena Matakidou, Tuomo Meretoja, Sahar V. Mozaffari, Mari E. K. Niemi, Marianna Niemi, Teemu Niiranen, Christopher J. O'Donnell, Ma'En Obeidat, George Okafo, Hanna M. Ollila, Antti Palomaki, Tuula Palotie, Jukka Partanen, Dirk S. Paul, Margit Pelkonen, Rion K. Pendergrass, Slave Petrovski, Anne Pitkaranta, Adam Platt, David Pulford, Eero Punkka, Pirkko Pussinen, Neha Raghavan, Fedik Rahimov, Deepak Rajpal, Nicole A. Renaud, Bridget Riley-Gillis, Rodosthenis Rodosthenous, Elmo Saarentaus, Aino Salminen, Eveliina Salminen, Veikko Salomaa, Johanna Schleutker, Raisa Serpi, Huei-yi Shen, Richard Siegel, Kaisa Silander, Sanna Siltanen, Sirpa Soini, Hilkka Soininen, Jae Hoon Sul, Ioanna Tachmazidou, Kaisa Tasanen, Pentti Tienari, Sanna Toppila-Salmi, Taru Tukiainen, Tiinamaija Tuomi, Joni A. Turunen, Jacob C. Ulirsch, Felix Vaura, Petri Virolainen, Jeffrey Waring, Dawn Waterworth, Robert Yang, Mari Nelis, Anu Reigo, Andres Metspalu, Lili Milani, Tonu Esko, Caroline Fox, Aki S. Havulinna, Markus Perola, Samuli Ripatti, Anu Jalanko, Tarja Laitinen, Tomi P. Makela, Robert Plenge, Mark McCarthy, Heiko Runz, Mark J. Daly, Aarno Palotie
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Maiju Kekki, Topias Koukkula, Anne Salonen, Mika Gissler, Hannele Laivuori, Tuomas T. Huttunen, Kati Tihtonen
Summary: This study retrospectively analyzed the occurrence of birth injuries in different modes of delivery, focusing on vaginal breech deliveries. The study found that birth injuries were rare in vaginal breech deliveries, with brachial plexus palsy being the most common type of injury. The incidence of severe birth injury in vaginal breech deliveries was twice as high as in cephalic vaginal deliveries.
ARCHIVES OF GYNECOLOGY AND OBSTETRICS
(2023)
