Article
Chemistry, Organic
Jorge Gomez-Carpintero, J. Domingo Sanchez, J. Francisco Gonzalez, J. Carlos Menendez
Summary: Ball milling of various esters with ethanol and calcium nitride successfully afforded primary amides, maintaining the integrity of a stereocenter alpha to carbonyl. This method was also applied to the synthesis of rufinamide, showing compatibility with different functional groups.
JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Puneet Kumar, Vikram Singh, Jawahar L. Jat, Bhoopendra Tiwari
Summary: We have demonstrated an economical and practical approach to synthesize nitriles from easily accessible aldehydes using stable N-Boc-O-tosylhydroxylamine (TsONHBoc) as the aminating agent. This metal-free method tolerates a wide range of functional groups and provides high yields of aromatic, aliphatic, heteroarylic, and α,β-unsaturated nitriles under mild reaction conditions.
NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Nadeesh M. Adassooriya, Sanjeev Pran Mahanta, Ranjit Thakuria
Summary: With the global challenges of increasing population and shrinking cultivation land, the expansion of global food production is essential. Nitrogen supply and management are crucial for sustainable soil fertilization and crop production, and the development of urea-based enhanced efficiency fertilizers can greatly improve nitrogen usage efficiency.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Hiromi Eba, Yuki Masuzoe, Toru Sugihara, Hayao Yagi, Tian Liu
Summary: This study demonstrates that ammonia can be synthesized from iron nitride under mild conditions by utilizing carbon dioxide, with the addition of carbonate accelerating the reaction and increasing the production rates of ammonia and hydrogen.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Qingqing Hu, Donglai Ma, Yongjie Liu, Qingyun Huang, Zhixiong You, Xuewei Lv
Summary: The study on reducing ferrochromium nitride with ammonia gas showed that reaction temperature, time, and input fraction of ammonia gas significantly influenced the reaction process. Under appropriate conditions, ferrochromium nitride with high nitrogen content can be obtained.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Priyanka Choudhary, Ajay Kumar, Venkata Krishnan
Summary: A metal-free catalyst, phosphorylated graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets (P-GCN), has been developed for the efficient transformation of aldehydes into amides under ambient conditions. The phosphorylation of GCN nanosheets generates Bronsted acidic sites on the catalyst surface, which serve as active centers for the amidation reaction. The P-GCN catalyst exhibits excellent catalytic performance with high product yields and turnover numbers, and can be used in environmentally benign solvents.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Dimitrije Djukanovic, Maximilian A. Ganiek, Kohei Nishi, Konstantin Karaghiosoff, Kazushi Mashima, Paul Knochel
Summary: A new convenient method for the preparation of dicarbamoylzincs is reported in this study. The target compounds were obtained by reacting ZnCl2 and formamides or TMP2Zn with formamides. This method is compatible with sensitive functional groups such as esters, ketones, or nitro groups. The reaction of these dicarbamoylzincs with various functionalized allylic, benzylic, aryl, alkenyl compounds, acid chlorides, aldehydes, or enones resulted in the synthesis of polyfunctional amides in high yields. The C-13 NMR characterization of these new compounds is presented.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Organic
Boris V. Lichitsky, Turan T. Karibov, Andrey N. Komogortsev, Valeriya G. Melekhina
Summary: This article elaborated on a general method for synthesizing 2-arylbenzofuran containing amides. The method is based on the interaction of various phenols with N,N'-(2-aryl-2-oxoethane-1,1-diyl) diamides, which can be obtained from arylglyoxals and primary amides. The use of formic acid as a solvent is a necessary condition for this protocol. One notable advantage of this method is the ability to use a wide range of aromatic hydroxyl derivatives. The synthesis stands out for its readily accessible starting materials, mild reaction conditions, atom economy, and easy workup procedure, avoiding the need for chromatographic purification. The structure of one of the target benzofurans was established by X-ray diffraction.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Xinkuang Ning, Chengyou Wu, Hongdu Chen
Summary: In this study, novel high-purity basic magnesium sulfate whiskers were successfully prepared under low-temperature and atmospheric-pressure conditions using a sodium citrate admixture. The whisker products were characterized in terms of their structure and morphology, and it was found that they could be further converted into high-purity MgO whiskers with smooth surfaces. These findings provide technical support for the cost-effective industrial-scale preparation of basic magnesium sulfate whiskers and related whisker products.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Andreia Bento-Silva, Noelia Duarte, Elsa Mecha, Maria Belo, Ana Teresa Serra, Maria Carlota Vaz Patto, Maria Rosario Bronze
Summary: Maize is a significant source of phenolic compounds, particularly hydroxycinnamic acids, known for their antioxidant properties. The bioaccessibility of these compounds is influenced by food processing techniques. Traditional Portuguese bread broa, made from maize, retains antioxidant activity during processing, making it a valuable source of hydroxycinnamic acids.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ya-Meng Wang, Jun-Bo Wang, Jing Huang, Zhen-Shui Cui, Mo Zhang, Zhan-Hui Zhang
Summary: A MoS2 quantum dot stabilized on magnetic copper ferrite (CuFe2O4) was prepared and characterized. The heterogeneous CuFe2O4/PDA/MoS2 catalytic system-driven direct α-hydromethylation of amides using methanol as a green and renewable C1 source and air as a sole oxidant under visible light irradiation was established for the first time. The photocatalyst can be recycled using an external magnetic field without loss of its catalytic activity.
JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Mohammad Zafari, Muhammad Umer, Arun S. Nissimagoudar, Rohit Anand, Mirah Ha, Sohaib Umer, Geunsik Lee, Kwang S. Kim
Summary: In this study, various transition metals implanted on boron-arsenide, boron-phosphide, and boron-antimony were investigated as single-atom catalysts for nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) using density functional theory. W-BAs showed high catalytic activity and selectivity, while W-BSb and Mo-BSb exhibited high performances. Through the analysis of charge transfer and protonation steps, a crucial obstacle in NRR was successfully overcome. Machine learning descriptors were also introduced to reduce computational cost.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Alisa S. Sunagatullina, Ferdinand H. Lutter, Paul Knochel
Summary: In this study, various dialkylmagnesiums were synthesized by reacting primary or secondary alkyl iodides with sBu(2)Mg, and these reagents underwent diverse reactions with different compounds to yield stereodefined products. Mechanistic studies revealed that these reactions proceed via a radical pathway.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Domenico Corona, Francesco Buonocore, Massimo Celino, Olivia Pulci
Summary: In this study, the effect of halogens (Cl, Br) and chalcogens (O, S, Se) encapsulation on the interaction between B12N12 nanocages and Mg2 thorn cation was investigated using density functional theory. The aim was to predict the suitability of these boron nitride endofullerenes as anode materials for magnesium-ion batteries, which are considered as a cheap, sustainable, and safe alternative to lithium batteries. The formation energy, interaction energy, and cell voltage were calculated for each system to assess their potential as negative electrodes. Remarkable cell voltages were achieved with chalcogen atom encapsulation, with selenium-based anodes reaching a cell voltage of 3.50 V.
MATERIALS TODAY CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Radim Skuta, Vlastimil Matejka, Krystof Foniok, Aneta Smykalova, Daniel Cvejn, Roman Gabor, Martin Kormunda, Bedrich Smetana, Vlastimil Novak, Petr Praus
Summary: The synthesis of P-doped graphitic carbon nitride (PCN) by in situ doping via co-pyrolysis of melamine and hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (HCCP) is being investigated. The results show continuous enrichment of graphitic carbon nitride (CN) by phosphorus, which is believed to predominantly substitute carbon in the structure. PCN with 2.44 wt% of phosphorus shows the highest photodegradation activity under VIS irradiation, indicating the potential of P-doped PCN in photocatalytic applications.
APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Organic
Liwei Cao, Mikhail Kabeshov, Steven Ley, Alexei A. Lapkin
BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
(2020)
Article
Chemistry, Organic
Yiding Chen, Nicole McNamara, Oliver May, Thanigaimalai Pillaiyar, David C. Blakemore, Steven Ley
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Julio C. Pastre, Philip R. D. Murray, Duncan L. Browne, Guilherme A. Brancaglion, Renan S. Galaverna, Ronaldo A. Pilli, Steven Ley
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Steven Ley, Yiding Chen, Daniel E. Fitzpatrick, Oliver S. May
CURRENT OPINION IN GREEN AND SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY
(2020)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Steven Ley, Yiding Chen, Alan Robinson, Benjamin Otter, Edouard Godineau, Claudio Battilocchio
Summary: The agrochemical sector faces massive constraints in cost-effective and sustainable production at an increasing scale within a highly complex environment. The application of flow chemistry technology can offer clear advantages in chemical processes, especially in the early stages of R&D for agrochemicals. The value of flow chemistry for businesses is evident, and the number of reported examples in the literature is expected to continue increasing in the agrochemical industry.
ORGANIC PROCESS RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sougata Roy, James Sipthorp, Bidesh Mahata, Jhuma Pramanik, Marco L. Hennrich, Anne-Claude Gavin, Steven Ley, Sarah A. Teichmann
Summary: This study investigates the role of pregnenolone in prostate cancer and immune cells, suggesting that pregnenolone may promote the development of castration-resistant prostate cancer while also regulating CD8(+) T cell function.
Article
Chemistry, Organic
Oliver M. Griffiths, Henrique A. Esteves, Yiding Chen, Karin Sowa, Oliver S. May, Peter Morse, David C. Blakemore, Steven Ley
Summary: Executing photoredox reactions in flow can improve reaction concentration, reduce reaction time, achieve better yields, facilitate catalyst preparation, and expand substrate scope, demonstrating broad applicability.
JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Organic
Harry R. Smallman, Jamie A. Leitch, Tom McBride, Steven Ley, Duncan L. Browne
Summary: Continuous flow systems have unique advantages in the generation and manipulation of sensitive reactive intermediates like ketenes, and various methods have been developed in the past decade for generating ketenes in continuous flow using chemical, thermal, and photochemical activation modes. This article discusses these advancements and the downstream reactivity of ketenes in continuous flow technology.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Nam Nghiep Tran, Marc Escriba Gelonch, Shu Liang, Zihao Xiao, Mohammad Mohsen Sarafraz, Marina Tisma, Hans-Jurgen Federsel, Steven V. Ley, Volker Hessel
Summary: This study investigated enzymatic pre-treatment of grease trap waste for biodiesel production, reducing FFA levels through an esterification reaction. Results showed that using commercial enzymes in continuous-flow experiments achieved better FFA reduction than batch processes. The continuous-flow reactors were also more time-efficient, completing experiments in less than 1.5 days compared to 6 days for batch processes.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Pia Mueller, Adam D. Clayton, Jamie Manson, Samuel Riley, Oliver S. May, Norman Govan, Stuart Notman, Steven Ley, Thomas W. Chamberlain, Richard A. Bourne
Summary: The study compared the performance of four different multi-objective optimisation algorithms in chemical reaction optimisation, finding that EIMEGO achieved the highest hypervolume with the lowest number of experiments, while TSEMO performed better in cases with three objectives.
REACTION CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Organic
Oliver M. Griffiths, Steven V. Ley
Summary: The photocatalytic generation of N-centered radicals has been employed for the synthesis of N-heterospirocycles, offering a reliable method for the construction of beta-spirocydic pyrrolidines from N-allylsulfonamides and alkenes. This study demonstrates the successful construction of various beta-spirocyclic pyrrolidines, including drug derivatives, with moderate to very good yields. Derivatization of the products and a viable scale-up procedure using flow chemistry techniques have also been achieved.
JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Pia Mueller, Aikaterini Vriza, Adam D. Clayton, Oliver S. May, Norman Govan, Stuart Notman, Steven V. Ley, Thomas W. Chamberlain, Richard A. Bourne
Summary: Automated platforms enable fast and efficient optimization of chemical systems with single and multiple objectives. In this study, we demonstrate the application of automated optimization platforms for chemical screening of sulfide oxidations in flow. The identification of unique optima for each substrate emphasizes the importance of rapid and individual experimental optimization for successful compound screening.
REACTION CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Samuel L. Bourne, Franz Amann, Steven V. Ley
Summary: This article provides an overview of the factors contributing to the rise of flow chemistry in the pharmaceutical industry over the past two decades. It highlights the challenges faced by the industry and how scientific progress has helped to overcome them. Current trends and examples of progress at CARBOGEN AMCIS are discussed, giving a speculative glimpse into the future of drug development and manufacturing.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ricardo Labes, Julio C. Pastre, Richard J. Ingham, Claudio Battilocchio, Henrique M. Marcon, Mariana C. F. C. B. Damiao, Duc N. Tran, Steven V. Ley
Summary: This study reports the rapid synthesis of 2-pyrazolines from aldehydes via [3 + 2] cycloaddition of unstabilised diazo species and mono and di-substituted alkenes. The development includes semi-continuous and fully continuous methods, with a fully automated compound library generation and a graphical interface for automation control.
REACTION CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Daniel E. Fitzpatrick, Matthew O'Brien, Steven Ley
REACTION CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
(2020)
