Article
Ecology
Fiona V. Jevon, Jonathan Gewirtzman, Ashley K. Lang, Matthew P. Ayres, Jaclyn Hatala Matthes
Summary: Temperate forest soils act as sources of CO2 and sinks for CH4, the two main greenhouse gases responsible for climate change. The fluxes of CO2 and CH4 are influenced by tree species identity and diversity, with deciduous trees showing higher fluxes. Soil CO2 fluxes are more influenced by tree species than CH4 fluxes. Total litter inputs, temperature, soil carbon to nitrogen ratio, soil moisture, and organic horizon depth are important factors affecting soil carbon fluxes.
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Claire O'Connor, Bernarhd Zeller, Caroline Choma, Francois Delbende, Ali Siah, Christophe Waterlot, Kasaina Sitraka Andrianarisoa
Summary: Trees in alley-cropping systems have deeper fine roots compared to forest trees and can modify soil water, mineral nitrogen, and organic matter content. This study found that intercropped trees in the system exhibited plasticity in fine root abundance, which contributed to better soil water use, management of soil mineral nitrogen, and carbon sequestration.
AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Alexander Weinhold, Stefanie Doll, Min Liu, Andreas Schedl, Yvonne Poschl, Xingliang Xu, Steffen Neumann, Nicole M. Dam
Summary: This study investigated the impact of tree diversity levels on the metabolomes of four subtropical tree species, revealing that the chemical diversity of leaves, roots, and root exudates increases with tree diversity. Different species and tissues showed varying responses to diversity levels, with plot diversity having a stronger effect on metabolome profiles than local diversity. Further controlled experiments are needed to understand the causes and consequences of shifts in plant metabolomes.
JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Qiong Liang, Chan Wang, Kexin Zhang, Shengwei Shi, Jiaxuan Guo, Fan Gao, Jie Liu, Jingxian Wang, Yun Liu
Summary: The study found that birch forest had significantly higher SOC and POXC concentrations compared to pine and larch forests, with a higher potential for carbon accumulation in stable soil C pools. The differences in soil organic carbon among tree species were influenced by altitude and litter characteristics.
GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Mengxu Zhang, Emma J. J. Sayer, Weidong Zhang, Ji Ye, Zuoqiang Yuan, Fei Lin, Zhanqing Hao, Shuai Fang, Zikun Mao, Jing Ren, Xugao Wang
Summary: Soil respiration in forests varies spatially and seasonally, and is influenced by factors such as tree diversity, soil diversity, and soil properties. The relative importance of these factors changes in different seasons.
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Christopher Poeplau, Axel Don, Florian Schneider
Summary: Using a machine learning approach, this study found that the mean residence time of organic carbon in German agricultural topsoils was 21.5 years, with grasslands showing significantly higher MRTOC than croplands. Root-derived organic carbon inputs were identified as the most important variable for explaining MRTOC variability at a regional scale.
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Agronomy
Anna Vaupel, Zita Bednar, Nadine Herwig, Bernd Hommel, Virna Estefania Moran-Rodas, Lukas Beule
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effects of tree species and tree distance on soil biota in a temperate agroforestry system. The results showed that tree rows promoted the abundance of bacteria and earthworms, which may be attributed to tree litter input and the absence of tillage. The composition of fungal communities was also altered by the presence of tree rows, resulting in an increased proportion of ectomycorrhizal fungi.
Article
Plant Sciences
Andrey V. Malyshev, Gesche Blume-Werry, Ophelia Spiller, Marko Smiljanic, Robert Weigel, Alexander Kolb, Byron Ye Nze, Frederik Maerker, Freymuth Carl-Fried Johannes Sommer, Kinley Kinley, Jan Ziegler, Pasang Pasang, Robert Mahara, Silviya Joshi, Vincent Heinsohn, Juergen Kreyling
Summary: This study investigated the impact of root and bud dormancy on tree growth. Root dormancy was found to be virtually absent, as roots were able to start growing immediately when soils warmed during the winter. The study found that higher soil temperature advanced budburst, possibly explaining the nonsynchronized above- and belowground plant growth responses to climate warming.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Denise M. Finney, Samantha Garritano, Matthew Kenwood
Summary: Increasing plant diversity in perennial pasture-crop rotations is expected to positively influence belowground productivity and microbial communities. However, this study suggests that species identity may have a stronger impact on belowground agroecosystems services than species richness, with certain species showing specific effects on root biomass and microbial communities.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yang Liu, Ruicai Zhang, Bo Pan, Hao Qiu, Jing Wang, Junyuan Zhang, Xuekui Niu, Liping He, Wenmin Qian, Willie J. G. M. Peijnenburg
Summary: Metal uptake and distribution in crops vary depending on the metal and crop type. This study compared the uptake and distribution of Hg, As, Zn, Pb, Cd, and Cu in three crops (leafy, fruit, and grain) grown near a copper mining field in Yunnan, China. Leafy crops had a higher propensity to accumulate Hg, As, and Zn, while grain crops had a lower accumulation of Cd and Cu. None of the crops accumulated Pb in their edible tissues. There was no correlation between DTPA-extracted metal concentrations in soil and metal concentrations in crop tissues.
Article
Forestry
Andrea Roman-Sanchez, Pavel Samonil
Summary: This study analyzes the effects of tree disturbances on the spatial variability of soil chemical properties to explain the spatial pedocomplexity in a forest reserve. The results show that tree disturbance density significantly affects soil chemical properties, particularly in the subsurface layer.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Chuan Chen, Baoyun Yang, Axiang Gao, Yu Yu, Fang-Jie Zhao
Summary: Rice growing in flooded paddy soil can accumulate high levels of inorganic and organic arsenic species, posing a risk to plants and human health. This study investigated the role of endophytes in arsenic species transformation in rice roots. The results showed that diverse endophytes living inside rice roots could participate in arsenic species transformation, affecting arsenic accumulation and distribution in rice plants.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Adas Marciulynas, Diana Marciulyniene, Jurate Lynikiene, Remigijus Bakys, Audrius Menkis
Summary: This study investigates fungal communities in the leaves and roots of healthy-looking and declining U. glabra trees, revealing the negative impact of Dutch elm disease on fungal diversity.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Kat Austen, Joana MacLean, Daniel Balanzategui, Franz Hoelker
Summary: Microplastic beads tagged with fluorescent dye were introduced into the soil of potted silver birch saplings, and after five months, the presence of microplastic in root tissues was confirmed. This study suggests the potential of woody plants like birch in phytoremediation of soil contaminated with microplastic.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Kaibo Wang, Guangze Jin, Zhili Liu
Summary: This study observed the dynamic changes and influencing factors of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) in leaves, new twigs, and old branches of seven temperate broad-leaved tree species at three life history stages. The results showed that NSC content was significantly affected by life history, wood type, and environmental factors. As plants grew, NSC content in leaves and branches generally increased, and there was no significant difference in NSC content between the canopy layers of mature trees.
FRONTIERS IN FORESTS AND GLOBAL CHANGE
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Kevin R. Wilcox, Dana M. Blumenthal, Julie A. Kray, Kevin E. Mueller, Justin D. Derner, Troy Ocheltree, Lauren M. Porensky
Summary: Understanding how plant communities respond to temporal patterns of precipitation is crucial for predicting ecosystem properties. Leaf economic and drought tolerance traits play key roles in determining species and community responses to altered precipitation, with communities potentially shifting towards slower growing, stress-resistant species in drought years.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Ying Cui, Aaron F. Diefendorf, Lee R. Kump, Shijun Jiang, Katherine H. Freeman
Summary: The study presents organic geochemical data and compound-specific carbon isotope data from sediment samples in Spitsbergen, offering new insights into the response of the high Arctic to the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM). The carbon isotope excursions in both short-chain n-alkanes and long-chain n-alkanes during PETM peak can be explained by various factors such as increased influence of C-13-depleted respired CO2 in the water column and elevated pCO2 in the atmosphere, indicating a faster carbon emission rate than previously suggested.
PALEOCEANOGRAPHY AND PALEOCLIMATOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Pratigya J. Polissar, Kevin T. Uno, Samuel R. Phelps, Allison T. Karp, Katherine H. Freeman, Jennifer L. Pensky
Summary: The development of modern C-4 ecosystems on the Indian Subcontinent went through a series of ecosystem transformations driven by drying and fire feedbacks, possibly declining atmospheric pCO(2), beginning at 10.2 Myr and strengthening through the late Miocene.
PALEOCEANOGRAPHY AND PALEOCLIMATOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Allison T. Karp, Kevin T. Uno, Pratigya J. Polissar, Katherine H. Freeman
Summary: The study examines the impact of fire dynamics on the expansion of C-4 grasslands in South Asia using molecular proxies and carbon isotope measurements from Bengal Fan sediments. The results suggest that fires facilitated the expansion and maintenance of C-4 grassland ecosystems in the region.
PALEOCEANOGRAPHY AND PALEOCLIMATOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Elizabeth H. Denis, Bianca J. Maibauer, Gabriel J. Bowen, Phillip E. Jardine, Guy J. Harrington, Allison A. Baczynski, Francesca A. McInerney, Margaret E. Collinson, Claire M. Belcher, Scott L. Wing, Katherine H. Freeman
Summary: Global warming may perturb the carbon cycling in soil, leading to uncertain impacts on the fate of organic carbon. Research on the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum suggests that intensified organic matter decay during this period may contribute to the loss of less-labile soil carbon. The severe decline in pyrogenic carbon during the PETM indicates increased rates of soil carbon oxidation, hindering carbon sequestration in soils in a mid-latitude region of the western USA.
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
E. M. Armstrong, A. K. Ault, K. K. Bradbury, H. M. Savage, P. J. Polissar, S. N. Thomson
Summary: During an earthquake, the energy generated by fault friction is dissipated as heat. The rise in temperature after an earthquake is important for determining the magnitude of past earthquakes, but it is difficult to accurately measure. Researchers compared two temperature-sensitive geochemical methods and found that they provided consistent estimates of the temperature rise after an earthquake.
GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Simon C. Brassell, Devon E. Colcord, Andrea M. Shilling, Ian G. Stanistreet, Harald Stollhofen, Nicholas Toth, Kathy D. Schick, Jackson K. Njau, Katherine H. Freeman
Summary: The Olduvai Gorge Coring Project has recovered Pleistocene lake sediments that provide insights into the ancient climate and environment. These sediments contain unique alkenone distributions, suggesting the presence of haptophytes adapted to warmer temperatures or saline conditions.
ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Alice E. Stears, Peter B. Adler, Dana M. Blumenthal, Julie A. Kray, Kevin E. Mueller, Troy W. Ocheltree, Kevin R. Wilcox, Daniel C. Laughlin
Summary: A major goal in ecology is to predict organism responses to environmental variation based on their traits. In this study, the researchers examined the effects of leaf and root traits on growth and survival in a shortgrass steppe and found that traits significantly mediated the impact of drought on survival but not on growth.
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Kevin E. Mueller, Troy W. Ocheltree, Julie A. Kray, Julie A. Bushey, Dana M. Blumenthal, David G. Williams, Elise Pendall
Summary: The effects of climate change on plants and ecosystems are mediated by plant hydraulic traits. This study assessed the response of several plant hydraulic traits to elevated CO2 and warming in a semiarid grassland. The results showed that interspecific differences in hydraulic traits were larger than intraspecific shifts, and the effects of elevated CO2 were greater than warming. Future studies should further investigate the mechanisms of plant response to drought.
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nicholas A. O'Mara, Charlotte Skonieczny, David McGee, Gisela Winckler, Aloys J. -M. Bory, Louisa I. Bradtmiller, Bruno Malaize, Pratigya J. Polissar
Summary: This study uses plant-wax isotope and dust flux records to reveal that the long-term variability of the Northwest African monsoon is controlled by tropical solar radiation gradients. While increases in monsoon rainfall are associated with the expansion of grasslands into desert landscapes, the composition of the savanna ecosystems is predominantly driven by changes in pCO(2).
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Kalle L. Jahn, Sara A. Lincoln, Katherine H. Freeman, Demian M. Saffer
Summary: This study investigates the transport mechanism of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in groundwater by analyzing and modeling the groundwater samples from a firefighter training site in University Park, Pennsylvania. The research reveals that the transport of PFAS in groundwater is influenced by the variability of organic carbon content, resulting in the separation of the PFAS plume in areas with high organic carbon concentration. The study also emphasizes the importance of accurately considering the heterogeneity of organic carbon when modeling the groundwater transport of PFAS and other compounds with high sorption to organic solids.
Editorial Material
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Katherine H. Freeman, Raymond Jeanloz
ANNUAL REVIEW OF EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Gerrit Angst, Kevin E. Mueller, Michael J. Castellano, Cordula Vogel, Martin Wiesmeier, Carsten W. Mueller
Summary: Much research is focused on increasing carbon storage in mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM) that can persist for centuries to millennia. However, managing MAOM alone is insufficient as the formation pathways of persistent soil organic matter can vary with environmental conditions. Effective management should also consider particulate organic matter (POM) which can persist for long time scales and serve as a precursor to MAOM. A framework for context-dependent management strategies is presented, recognizing soils as complex systems where environmental conditions constrain POM and MAOM formation.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Gordon N. Inglis, Pablo Martinez-Sosa, Jessica E. Tierney, Caitlyn R. Witkowski, Shelby Lyons, Allison A. Baczynski, Katherine H. Freeman
Summary: This study investigates how changes in organic carbon reworking affect the accuracy of GDGT-derived temperature reconstructions in coastal marine sediments. The results suggest that while TEX86 values are largely unaffected by changes in organic carbon sources, MBT5ME values can be influenced by marine and/or freshwater inputs, leading to inaccurate temperature estimates.
ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xingqian Cui, Brent Wignall, Katherine H. Freeman, Roger E. Summons
Summary: The sedimentary deposits in the South Atlantic rift basins during the Early Cretaceous, resulting from the breakup of Gondwana, reveal transitions from lacustrine to marine environments. Through biomarker analysis, it is found that the initial seawater incursion occurred during the early Aptian stage, entering through the southern entrance across the Rio Grande Rise-Walvis Ridge. This study contributes to understanding the final opening of the South Atlantic Ocean, global comparison of paleoenvironments, and future petroleum exploration in the South Atlantic conjugate margins.
COMMUNICATIONS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT
(2023)