Article
Optics
Zhuoxiong Liu, Lingzhi Zheng, Chengzhi Qin, Bing Wang, Peixian Lu
Summary: In this study, an effective method is proposed to construct a higher-dimensional synthetic frequency lattice using an optical waveguide under dynamic modulation. By applying traveling-wave modulation with two different frequencies, a two-dimensional frequency lattice can be formed. The Bloch oscillations in the lattice are demonstrated by introducing a wave vector mismatch of the modulation. It is found that the Bloch oscillations are reversible only when the amounts of wave vector mismatch in orthogonal directions are mutually commensurable. Finally, a 3D frequency lattice is formed by employing an array of waveguides with each under traveling-wave modulation, and its topological effect of one-way frequency conversion is revealed.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Robin Huber, Max-Niklas Steffen, Martin Drienovsky, Andreas Sandner, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Daniela Pfannkuche, Dieter Weiss, Jonathan Eroms
Summary: In this study, band conductivity oscillations in a graphene superlattice were experimentally observed. These oscillations are governed by the internal structure of the Hofstadter butterfly (Brown-Zak oscillations) and a commensurability relation between the electron cyclotron radius and the superlattice period (Weiss oscillations). A complete description of the oscillations in two-dimensional superlattices was obtained, showing a detailed match between theory and experiment.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Seungmin Nam, Dahee Wang, Chaehyun Kwon, Sang Hyun Han, Su Seok Choi
Summary: Structural color can be produced by nanoperiodic dielectric structures using soft materials, and stretchable chiral photonic elastomers (CPEs) can self-organize into a helical nanostructure, with the chiral nanostructural color controlled by stretching. This study presents stretchable CPEs with simultaneous multicolor control, including electrical control, and demonstrates various device applications such as multiarrayed color binning and chameleon-like photonic e-skin. The ability to control the separation of biomimetic multicolors in stretchable photonic systems improves the functionality of potential photonic applications.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Fantao Meng, Benzhi Ju, Zhenzhi Wang, Ronghui Han, Yuang Zhang, Shufen Zhang, Ping Wu, Bingtao Tang
Summary: We present a new synthetic strategy that combines N-carboxyanhydride (NCA) chemistry and photonic crystals for the fabrication of polypeptide structural color films. Through surface-initiated ring-opening polymerization, a di-NCA derivative of L-cystine (Cys) is utilized to replicate functionalized colloidal crystal templates and create freestanding P(Cys) films with adjustable structural color. The feasibility of producing patterned polypeptide photonic films is demonstrated through template microfabrication. The introduction of L-glutamate (Glu) components enables the P(Cys-co-Glu) copolypeptide films to exhibit visual color responsiveness to pH changes. Additionally, the polypeptide photonic films possess on-demand degradability.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Optics
Kaiyun Zhan, Xinyue Kang, Lichao Dou, Tingjun Zhao, Qixuan Chen, Qian Zhang, Guoxia Han, Bing Liu
Summary: This study investigates the effects of an external spatial linear potential on excitations in dynamically modulated waveguide arrays. It is found that longitudinally periodic modulation can significantly change the width of the quasi-energy band and lead to dynamical band suppression, resulting in altered Bloch oscillation dynamics. A novel phenomenon called rectified Bloch oscillations, which is not observed in ordinary discrete waveguides, is highlighted.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Hongbo Xia, Dan Li, Jingyu Shang, Yanan Ji, Xiumei Yin, Guoqiang Fang, Wen Xu, Bin Dong
Summary: By integrating electrically sensitive WO3-x plasmonic photonic crystals (PPCs) with lanthanide-doped upconversion nanocrystals (UCNPs), a dynamic upconversion (UC) modulation system is achieved through external electric stimulation, enabling tunable emission enhancement and potential applications in display and optical storage devices.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rais S. Shaikhaidarov, Kyung Ho Kim, Jacob W. Dunstan, Ilya Antonov, Sven Linzen, Mario Ziegler, Dmitry S. Golubev, Vladimir N. Antonov, Evgeni Il'ichev, Oleg Astafiev
Summary: The dual Shapiro steps observed in this study are an important phenomenon in quantum mechanics and have significant implications for quantum voltage standards and future current standards. Direct observation of this effect in superconducting nanowires addresses the previously unavailable basic superconductivity effect.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Alexis T. Phillips, Kyle R. Schlafmann, Hayden E. Fowler, Timothy J. White
Summary: This study reports a novel approach to achieve electrochromism in solid, polymeric materials using liquid crystalline elastomers (LCEs) as the optical elements. By integrating flexible, optically transparent, and conductive electrodes, the LCEs are actuated as dielectric elastomer actuators, resulting in a significant change in the reflection wavelength of the fully solid LCE.
ADVANCED OPTICAL MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Isabella De Bellis, Daniele Martella, Camilla Parmeggiani, Diederik Sybolt Wiersma, Sara Nocentini
Summary: This article explores tunable photonic crystals made from elastic polymers that respond to their environment, particularly with physical deformations under temperature changes. The physical structure of these crystals can be adjusted by external temperature variations, resulting in a reversible spectral tuning. By comparing the experimental results with calculations and temperature-induced shape changes, it is confirmed that the observed tuning is due to elastic deformations. The achievement of nanometric patterning of tunable anisotropic photonic materials will contribute to the development of reconfigurable photonic crystals and 4D nanostructures.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yueqiang Hu, Xiangnian Ou, Tibin Zeng, Jiajie Lai, Jian Zhang, Xin Li, Xuhao Luo, Ling Li, Fan Fan, Huigao Duan
Summary: This research demonstrates an electrically tunable multifunctional polarization-dependent metasurface integrated with liquid crystals in the visible range, allowing for continuous intensity tuning and switching of two helicity channels. Additionally, electrically tunable mono- and multicolor switchable metaholograms and dynamic varifocal metalenses are showcased.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Chaolumen Wu, Qingsong Fan, Wanling Wu, Tian Liang, Yun Liu, Huakang Yu, Yadong Yin
Summary: Integrating plasmonic resonance into photonic bandgap nanostructures allows for additional control over their optical properties. One-dimensional plasmonic photonic crystals with angular dependent structural colors are fabricated by assembling magnetoplasmonic colloidal nanoparticles under a magnetic field. The assembled structures exhibit angular dependent colors based on the activation of optical diffraction and plasmonic scattering.
Article
Optics
Anastasiia Sheveleva, Mathieu Leonardo, Christophe Finot, Pierre Colman
Summary: This paper investigates the calculation of the coupling constant between two nearby waveguides. Formulas derived from the perturbative theory applied to the electromagnetic Maxwell equations are usually used for prediction. However, these formulas fail to provide reliable estimates when there is a large index contrast between the waveguide core and its cladding. The paper demonstrates that considering the local field effect can improve the accuracy, and in the case of structured and inhomogeneous cladding, an effective background index must be taken into account for accurate corrections. This theoretical study also includes discussions on the impact of the substrate on the interwaveguide coupling constant.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
S. Bresolin, A. Roy, G. Ferrari, A. Recati, N. Pavloff
Summary: Close to the demixing transition, the degree of freedom associated with relative density fluctuations of a two-component Bose-Einstein condensate is described by a nondissipative Landau-Lifshitz equation. In the quasi-one-dimensional weakly immiscible case, this mapping surprisingly predicts that a dark-bright soliton should oscillate when subject to a constant force favoring separation of the two components. We propose a realistic experimental implementation of this phenomenon which we interpret as a spin -Josephson effect in the presence of a movable barrier.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jun Hyuk Shin, Ji Yoon Park, Sang Hyun Han, Yun Hyeok Lee, Jeong-Yun Sun, Su Seok Choi
Summary: In contrast to nano-processed rigid photonic crystals, soft photonic organic hydrogel beads with dielectric nanostructures possess stimuli-responsive deformation and photonic wavelength color changes. This study comprehensively investigates the electromechanical wavelength-tuning mechanism in electrically stretchable photonic organogels, including experimental response analysis and theoretical simulations.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yuan Shen, Ingo Dierking
Summary: Understanding collective motion in biological systems is crucial for the development of autonomous robots and swarm computing. This study introduces an experimental platform that mimics the collective motion of living systems using liquid crystal driven by an external electric field. The platform generates hundreds of artificial particle-like solitonic field configurations, called directrons, which exhibit dynamic behaviors similar to those seen in biological systems.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Liujun Xu, Jinrong Liu, Peng Jin, Guoqiang Xu, Jiaxin Li, Xiaoping Ouyang, Ying Li, Cheng-Wei Qiu, Jiping Huang
Summary: The curved space-time produced by black holes leads to the intriguing trapping effect. So far, metadevices have enabled analogous black holes to trap light or sound in laboratory spacetime. However, trapping heat in a conductive environment is still challenging because diffusive behaviors are directionless.
NATIONAL SCIENCE REVIEW
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
X. C. Zhou, W. Y. Lin, F. B. Yang, X. D. Zhou, J. Shen, J. P. Huang
Summary: Recent research discovered a hysteresis phenomenon in the electric conductance during the metal-insulator transition in the vanadium trioxide system. An effective medium theory was developed to predict the relationships between the conductance and the phase ratio. The theory explained the hysteresis as a result of the hybrid impacts of phase symmetry and spatial distribution asymmetry. The predicted relationships were consistent with experimental results, demonstrating the asymmetrical dynamic behaviors during the warming and cooling processes.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Peng Jin, Jinrong Liu, Liujun Xu, Jun Wang, Xiaoping Ouyang, Jian-Hua Jiang, Jiping Huang
Summary: Thermal metamaterials provide rich control of heat transport by breaking the Onsager reciprocity and introducing thermal convection, leading to a regime beyond effective heat conduction. A continuous switch from thermal cloaking to thermal concentration is demonstrated in a liquid-solid hybrid thermal metamaterial with external tuning. This switch is achieved by tuning the liquid flow, resulting in a topology transition in the virtual space of the thermotic transformation. These findings illustrate the extraordinary heat transport in complex multicomponent thermal metamaterials and pave the way toward an unprecedented regime of heat manipulation.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Physics, Applied
Zeren Zhang, Fubao Yang, Jiping Huang
Summary: By utilizing transformation-invariant metamaterials, intelligent chameleon-like metashells for mass diffusion are proposed, which automatically change their efficient parameters to adapt to environmental change and cost no energy. Moreover, an irregular-shaped chameleon-like concentrator and a circular chameleon-like rotator are designed. Experimental suggestions combined with layered structure devices are provided to validate the proposal. This study may inspire the intelligentization of mass-diffusion metamaterials in electronics and plasma physics.
PHYSICAL REVIEW APPLIED
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Chuan-Xin Zhang, Tian-Jiao Li, Liu-Jun Xu, Ji-Ping Huang
Summary: Accurate and fast prediction of thermal radiation properties is crucial for material applications. However, existing models do not account for deviations caused by volcanic eruptions, pollution, and human activities that exacerbate dust production in water droplets. This study investigates the influence of dust particles on light transmission and energy distribution in water droplets, highlighting the significant role of dust particles in thermal radiation and providing insights into electromagnetic properties. This research emphasizes the importance of accounting for dust particles in atmospheric models and their potential impact on radiative balance.
CHINESE PHYSICS LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Min Lei, Chaoran Jiang, Fubao Yang, Jun Wang, Jiping Huang
Summary: In this study, a novel programmable all-thermal encoding strategy is proposed, which utilizes macroscopic conductive heat for digital encoding under purely thermal fields. Switchable cloak-concentrator metadevices are used to distinguish and modulate binary signals, and temperature-responsive phase change materials are employed to make the encoding operation programmable. This scheme presents a practical paradigm for all-thermal logical metadevices and opens up new avenues for implementing modern information technologies in ubiquitous diffusion systems.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Yanshuang Chen, Zefang Ye, Kexin Wang, Jiping Huang, Hua Tong, Yuliang Jin, Ke Chen, Hajime Tanaka, Peng Tan
Summary: Glasses can relax internally even when their structure is frozen. In a two-dimensional glass former, non-constrained bonds survive the freezing of structural relaxation, leading to persistent internal relaxation. This study directly visualizes the internal relaxations in a glass through observations of a mechanically driven granular system, revealing the emergence of slow beta relaxation as the structure relaxation freezes.
Article
Physics, Applied
Fubao Yang, Peng Jin, Min Lei, Gaole Dai, Jun Wang, Jiping Huang
Summary: The proposed space-time-coding electromagnetic metasurface introduces the temporal dimension into artificial structure design, expanding its digital application in information processing. However, the absence of temporal dimension in thermal digital metamaterial limits the synergetic modulation of thermal signal in time and space. This study introduces temporal modulation into existing spatially variable thermal coding structures and proposes a space-time thermal binary coding scheme, demonstrating a practical strategy for thermal binary coding and providing a prototype for spatiotemporal regulation of thermal signal.
PHYSICAL REVIEW APPLIED
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Min Lei, Liujun Xu, Jiping Huang
Summary: Emerging multiphysics metamaterials face limitations in functionality and tunability due to fixed multiphysics functionality and challenging continuous tunability. To overcome these, spatiotemporal multiphysics metamaterials are proposed, enabling multiple functions for each physical field and continuous switching. Rotatable checkerboard structures with different rotation times, material composition, and geometric shapes have been developed to allow for flexible function switching. The results offer a promising platform for adaptive and intelligent multiphysics field manipulation.
MATERIALS TODAY PHYSICS
(2023)
Review
Physics, Applied
Zeren Zhang, Liujun Xu, Teng Qu, Min Lei, Zhi-Kang Lin, Xiaoping Ouyang, Jian-Hua Jiang, Jiping Huang
Summary: This review introduces the principles, materials advances, and applications of metamaterials that modulate the diffusion of heat, particles, and plasmas. It discusses the use of the transformation principle and metamaterials to control diffusion, going beyond the conventional scope of metamaterials. Future directions include research into topological diffusion and machine-learning-assisted materials design.
NATURE REVIEWS PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Peng Jin, Liujun Xu, Guoqiang Xu, Jiaxin Li, Cheng-Wei Qiu, Jiping Huang
Summary: Heat-enhanced thermal diffusion metamaterials powered by deep learning enable automatic temperature sensing and adjustment with high tunability and stable thermal performance.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Liujun Xu, Jinrong Liu, Guoqiang Xu, Jiping Huang, Cheng- Wei Qiu
Summary: In an active thermal lattice composed of a stationary solid matrix and rotating solid particles, giant thermal chirality is generated by breaking the Onsager reciprocity relation through rotation, which is about two orders of magnitude larger than ever reported. Anisotropic thermal chirality is achieved by breaking the rotation invariance of the active lattice, bringing effective thermal conductivity to a region unreachable by the thermal Hall effect.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Xinchen Zhou, Xiang Xu, Jiping Huang
Summary: The study presents an adaptive multi-temperature control system using liquid-solid phase transitions for effective thermal management. By leveraging the properties of specific materials, a multi-temperature maintenance container was created, and temperature variations were successfully controlled within a range of only 0.14-2.05%, offering a practical solution for reliable transportation of goods.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Pengfei Zhuang, Jiping Huang
Summary: Thermal metamaterials based on transformation theory can precisely control heat flow and electric current by manipulating the spatial distributions of material parameters. This study presents a dual-function metamaterial that can simultaneously concentrate (or cloak) and rotate the thermoelectric (TE) field. The proposed control methods, including a temperature-switching TE rotating concentrator cloak and an electrically controlled TE rotating concentrator, enable precise manipulation of the TE field. The theoretical predictions and finite-element simulations show good agreement, providing a unified framework for manipulating the direction and density of the TE field and contributing to the study of thermal management.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SYSTEM DYNAMICS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Haohan Tan, Yuguang Qiu, Liujun Xu, Jiping Huang
Summary: Thermal conduction force plays an important role in various fields, but regulating its effect is challenging due to two restrictions. This study demonstrates that thermal conduction force can exist unexpectedly at a zero average temperature gradient in dielectric crystals. The force direction can be highly tunable, providing valuable insights into thermal conduction force and potential applications in manipulating local thermal conductivity.