Article
Optics
Weilong Wei, Zongliang Xie, Haotong Ma, Yihan Luo, Bo Qi, Ge Ren
Summary: The TPE method involves isolating speckle parts in raw images through intensity averaging and division, and then computing cross-correlations to determine shift positions. TPE-IFP improves image reconstruction by eliminating the need for prior knowledge of translation positions and has been shown to effectively produce high-quality super-resolution images in simulations and experiments. It has the potential to accelerate the applications of IFP and may also contribute to pattern positions estimation in similar speckle-based imaging.
OPTICS AND LASERS IN ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Optics
Junjing Deng, Yudong Yao, Yi Jiang, Si Chen, Tim M. Mooney, Jeffrey A. Klug, Fabricio S. Marin, Christian Roehrig, Ke Yue, Curt Preissner, Zhonghou Cai, Barry Lai, Stefan Vogt
Summary: Ptychography is a high-resolution diffraction imaging technique that is sensitive to experimental variations. High-speed data acquisition with short exposure can minimize the impact of experimental variations, and continuous multi-pass scan via high-speed ptychography can achieve high-resolution imaging. This low-dose scan strategy is important for radiation-sensitive sample studies and time-resolved imaging.
Article
Optics
Jing Hu, Sunzheng Li, Hao Xie, Yibing Shen
Summary: This study proposes a new method for 3D reconstruction using a minimum of four intensity-only measurements. By utilizing complementary structured patterns generated by a digital micromirror device (DMD), rapid 3D imaging with high resolution is achieved. Experimental results demonstrate the robustness of the method and its suitability for label-free dynamic imaging in multiple-scattering samples.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Mariana Verezhak, Steven Van Petegem, Angel Rodriguez-Fernandez, Pierre Godard, Klaus Wakonig, Dmitry Karpov, Vincent L. R. Jacques, Andreas Menzel, Ludovic Thilly, Ana Diaz
Summary: Strains and defects in crystalline materials affect the mechanical, electrical, and magnetic properties, making their study crucial in material characterization, fabrication, and design. Conventional techniques for visualizing strain fields have limitations, while x-ray ptychographic topography demonstrates a robust and nondestructive approach with high resolution for imaging strain fields in bulk crystalline specimens.
Article
Optics
Bin Wang, Nathan J. Brooks, Peter Johnsen, Nicholas W. Jenkins, Yuka Esashi, Iona Binnie, Michael Tanksalvala, Henry C. Kapteyn, Margaret M. Murnane
Summary: Ptychographic coherent diffractive imaging allows for diffraction-limited imaging of nanoscale structures at extreme ultraviolet and x-ray wavelengths. In this study, a vortex high harmonic light beam driven by a laser carrying orbital angular momentum was used to implement extreme ultraviolet ptychographic imaging of highly periodic samples with high fidelity and reliability. This technique also enabled ptychographic imaging of an isolated, near-diffraction-limited defect in an otherwise periodic sample using vortex high harmonic beams for the first time.
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Yukio Takahashi, Masaki Abe, Hideshi Uematsu, Shuntaro Takazawa, Yuhei Sasaki, Nozomu Ishiguro, Kyosuke Ozaki, Yoshiaki Honjo, Haruki Nishino, Kazuo Kobayashi, Toshiyuki Nishiyama Hiraki, Yasumasa Joti, Takaki Hatsui
Summary: This study reports on the measurement of ptychographic diffraction patterns and the corresponding image reconstruction using the CITIUS high-speed X-ray image detector. High resolution and phase sensitivity were achieved.
JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Rafael A. Vicente, Itamar T. Neckel, Subramanian K. R. S. Sankaranarayanan, Jose Solla-Gullon, Pablo S. Fernandez
Summary: Electrocatalysis plays a crucial role in the present and future sustainable economy, with nanomaterials being of significant importance in this field. Bragg coherent diffraction imaging (BCDI) offers insights into the impact of lattice strain on electronic configuration and binding energy with reaction intermediates in nanomaterials. Despite challenges, BCDI has the potential to contribute to advancements in future electrocatalysis research.
Article
Optics
Eugeniu Balaur, Guido A. Cadenazzi, Nicholas Anthony, Alex Spurling, Eric Hanssen, Jacqueline Orian, Keith A. Nugent, Belinda S. Parker, Brian Abbey
Summary: The invention of phase contrast microscopy has enabled the visualization of highly optically transparent samples without the need for staining, revolutionizing optics. Advanced approaches to phase imaging, such as the combination of ptychographic coherent diffractive imaging with plasmonically active metamaterials, have shown significant enhancement in both reconstructed phase and amplitude. This approach opens up new possibilities for imaging a wide range of extremely thin or highly transparent objects previously inaccessible to optical microscopy.
Article
Optics
Meng Li, Liheng Bian, Jun Zhang
Summary: This study reports a multi-slice coded coherent diffraction imaging (CDI) technique that enables high-fidelity reconstruction of thick objects. It overcomes the limitations of traditional coded CDI when dealing with thick objects.
OPTICS AND LASERS IN ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Optics
Ziyang Chen, Siming Zheng, Zhishen Tong, Xin Yuan
Summary: The study proposes a temporal compressive CDI system that utilizes physics-driven deep learning networks to reconstruct multi-frame spectra and retrieve phase. The system can capture high-speed and high-spatial-resolution scenes, allowing visualization of the dynamic process of molecules with large fields of view and high spatial and temporal resolutions.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Tomoya Kawaguchi, Vladimir Komanicky, Vitalii Latyshev, Wonsuk Cha, Evan R. Maxey, Ross Harder, Tetsu Ichitsubo, Hoydoo You
Summary: The study found that strain can enhance the activity of the oxygen reduction reaction in catalytic platinum alloy nanoparticles, and revealed the strain induced by nickel on the platinum-rich shells, which is in excellent agreement with the composition dependency of the catalytic activity.
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
David A. Barmherzig, Alex H. Barnett, Charles L. Epstein, Leslie F. Greengard, Jeremy F. Magland, Manas Rachh
Summary: This note presents a linear method for recovering unmeasured modulus Fourier data in coherent diffraction imaging (CDI) experiments. The effects of noise and conditioning of the problem are analyzed, with the conditioning growing exponentially with the modulus of the maximum spatial frequency not measured. This method provides a way to estimate the support of the image's autocorrelation function without considering phase retrieval.
SIAM JOURNAL ON IMAGING SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Aihui Sun, Xiaoliang He, Zhilong Jiang, Yan Kong, Shouyu Wang, Cheng Liu
Summary: A coherent modulation imaging phase flow cytometry was proposed to achieve label-free imaging and identification of fast-moving cells with compact optical alignment and high accuracy. The phase image of cells can be qualitatively computed from their diffraction patterns with an accuracy of about 0.01 wavelength, a resolution of about 1.23 μm, and a view field of 0.126 mm². This imaging system has a compact optical structure and higher tolerance to environmental instability compared to other phase flow cytometry methods, as it does not require a commonly adopted reference beam and complex optical alignment. Experimental results demonstrate its potential as an efficient optical tool for label-free tumor cell detection.
JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Shuyu Xu, Ying Jin, Young Jong Lee
Summary: In this study, images of 3D molecular orientations with submicrometer spatial resolution were successfully obtained using polarization-controlled microscopy. This high-resolution, label-free, quantitative imaging of 3D molecular orientation can serve as a standard measurement tool for the microscopic structures of complex synthetic and biological materials.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Huibin Chang, Roland Glowinski, Stefano Marchesini, Xue-Cheng Tai, Yang Wang, Tieyong Zeng
Summary: The paper proposes overlapping domain decomposition methods for solving the nonconvex optimization problem in ptychographic imaging, leading to highly parallel algorithms with good load balance. By enforcing the continuity of overlapping regions and utilizing a novel smooth-truncated amplitude-Gaussian metric (ST-AGM), efficient algorithms are developed for faster convergence in parallel computing. This approach shows potential for upcoming massively parallel computations and has good convergence speed and robustness to noise demonstrated in numerical experiments.
SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Richard Bean
Summary: This paper describes the forecasting work in the IEEE Computational Intelligence Society 3rd Technical Challenge, which achieved the lowest error rate in predicting solar and building loads of a microgrid system at Monash University for November 2020. The solution drew from top-ranked solutions in previous energy forecasting competitions and employed novel thresholding approaches to improve data quality. The paper also discusses potential data sources for enhancing the model forecast skill.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Isabella Silva Barreto, Maria Pierantoni, Malin Hammerman, Elin Tornquist, Sophie Le Cann, Ana Diaz, Jonas Engqvist, Marianne Liebi, Pernilla Eliasson, Hanna Isaksson
Summary: The structural response of collagen fibrils in Achilles tendons during load to rupture, cyclic loading, and stress relaxation was investigated using in situ loading and small-angle X-ray scattering. The fibrils exhibited lower strain than the applied tissue strain, and showed linear strain in the elastic region of the tissue. During cyclic loading, the fibrils demonstrated increased stretchability and recovery, while during tissue stress relaxation, they showed relaxation of fibril strain. Fibril strain heterogeneity increased with applied loads and became increasingly disordered after the toe region.
Article
Optics
Nazanin Samadi, Joan Vila-Comamala, Xianbo Shi, Umut T. Sanli, Christian David, Marco Stampanoni, Anne Bonnin
Summary: In a full-field transmission X-ray microscopy (TXM) setup, a refractive axicon is used as an X-ray beam shaper to match the ring-shaped aperture of the condenser. The axicon designs were explored analytically and with numerical simulations, and were produced by two-photon polymerization 3D printing on thin silicon nitride membrane substrates. The first characterization of the axicon was carried out at the TOMCAT beamline of the Swiss Light Source (Switzerland).
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ana F. Suzana, Sizhan Liu, Jiecheng Diao, Longlong Wu, Tadesse A. Assefa, Milinda Abeykoon, Ross Harder, Wonsuk Cha, Emil S. Bozin, Ian K. Robinson
Summary: When synthesized under certain conditions, barium titanate (BTO) nanoparticles show a non-thermodynamic cubic structure and have an enhanced dielectric constant. These nanoparticles are widely used in thin-layer capacitors. Characterization methods, including X-ray refinement and the Williamson-Hall approach, reveal the presence of notable strain associated with the cubic phase. However, X-ray pair distribution function measurements indicate a lower symmetry local structure.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2023)
Editorial Material
History & Philosophy Of Science
Megan Piorko, Sarah Lang, Richard Bean
Summary: This article presents the decryption, historical analysis, and alchemical interpretation of an alchemical cipher found in a shared notebook of John and Arthur Dee (British Library MS Sloane 1902). The cipher is an early example of a Bellaso/Della Porta/Vigenere type, a strong encryption method which was historically deemed indecipherable. The essay explores the medical and alchemical context for the manuscript into which the cipher was copied and provides the transcription, plaintext solution (in Latin), and English translation of the encrypted text. Further, it interprets the enciphered text through the lens of alchemical practice and provides evidence for the dissemination of this cipher as part of a larger alchemical knowledge network.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ezgi Yildirim, Raj Kumar Ramamoorthy, Rohan Parmar, Pierre Roblin, Jorge A. Vargas, Valeri Petkov, Ana Diaz, Stefano Checchia, Isaac Rodriguez Ruiz, Sebastien Teychene, Lise -Marie Lacroix, Guillaume Viau
Summary: Currently, there is a strong focus on studying ultrasmall metal nanoparticles due to their unique properties. The synthesis of monodisperse nanoparticles of a very small size and well-defined structure requires a good understanding of the crystallization process, which can be achieved by conducting in situ studies. This article describes the synthesis of ultrasmall gold nanoparticles using reduction methods and reveals the competition between nucleation and crystallization processes. By adjusting reaction conditions, such as concentration and temperature, monodisperse gold nanoparticles with icosahedral structure can be obtained.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shiva Shirani, Ana Cuesta, Alejandro Morales-Cantero, Isabel Santacruz, Ana Diaz, Pavel Trtik, Mirko Holler, Alexander Rack, Bratislav Lukic, Emmanuel Brun, Ines R. Salcedo, Miguel A. G. Aranda
Summary: Despite decades of research, our understanding of cement dissolution and precipitation processes at early stages is still limited due to the lack of suitable imaging methods. In this study, near-field ptychographic nanotomography was used to visualize the hydration of commercial Portland cement in a thick capillary. The results show the formation of a porous C-S-H gel shell with a thickness of 500 nm after 19 hours, covering all the alite grains with a water gap. The dissolution rate of smaller alite grains was found to be approximately four times faster than that of larger grains in the deceleration stage. The study also mapped out the development of etch pits and measured particle size distributions over time. This work lays the foundation for mechanistic studies of dissolution-precipitation processes in cement using advanced nanoimaging techniques.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Ralf F. F. Ziesche, Thomas M. M. Heenan, Pooja Kumari, Jarrod Williams, Weiqun Li, Matthew E. E. Curd, Timothy L. L. Burnett, Ian Robinson, Dan J. L. Brett, Matthias J. J. Ehrhardt, Paul D. D. Quinn, Layla B. B. Mehdi, Philip J. J. Withers, Melanie M. M. Britton, Nigel D. D. Browning, Paul R. R. Shearing
Summary: The demand for low carbon energy storage has emphasized the importance of imaging techniques in characterizing electrode microstructures, determining key parameters for battery manufacture, operation, degradation, and failure in both next generation lithium batteries and other novel battery systems. This review summarizes recent progress and highlights in magnetic resonance, neutron, X-ray, focused ion beam, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Two major trends are identified: the use of multi-modal microscopy in a correlative fashion, providing contrast modes across length and time scales, and the application of machine learning to guide data collection and analysis, recognizing the role of these tools in evaluating large data streams from increasingly sophisticated imaging experiments.
ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
M. Polikarpov, J. Vila-Comamala, Z. Wang, A. Pereira, S. van Gogh, C. Gasser, K. Jefimovs, L. Romano, Z. Varga, K. Lang, M. Schmeltz, S. Tessarini, M. Rawlik, E. Jermann, S. Lewis, W. Yun, M. Stampanoni
Summary: Breast cancer is diagnosed using clinical examination, imaging, and biopsy. This study proposes two high-resolution table-top systems for phase-contrast X-ray tomography of breast tissue samples. Both systems provide better resolution and contrast than previously achieved, showing the potential of grating-based phase-contrast X-ray CT as a complementary tool for clinical histopathology.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Optics
Umut T. T. Sanli, Griffin Rodgers, Marie-Christine Zdora, Peng Qi, Jan Garrevoet, Ken Vidar Falch, Bert Mueller, Christian David, Joan Vila-Comamala
Summary: This article introduces an X-ray apochromatic lens system using a Fresnel zone plate and a diverging compound refractive lens with a tuned separation distance. The energy-dependent performance of this apochromat was evaluated by ptychographic reconstruction of the focal spot and scanning transmission X-ray microscopy of a resolution test sample. The apochromat delivered a reconstructed focal spot size of 940 x 740 nm(2), showing a four-fold improvement in chromatic aberration correction range compared to an achromatic doublet configuration. Thus, apochromatic X-ray optics have the potential to increase focal spot intensity for a wide variety of X-ray applications.
LIGHT-SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Pierre Godard, Mariana Verezhak, Tarik Sadat, Florent Mignerot, Vincent L. R. Jacques, David Le Bolloc'h, Carsten Richter, Felisa Berenguer, Ana Diaz, Steven Van Petegem, Pierre-Olivier Renault, Ludovic Thilly
Summary: Micropillar compression is a useful method for understanding mechanics on a small scale. This article explores the use of diffraction with a coherent X-ray beam to study the behavior of InSb micropillars during compression. The experiments show the ability to determine the plastic regime and study the spatially resolved plastic strain fields. However, limitations arise in quantitatively measuring the elastic strain field due to the similar diffraction angles from the pedestal and micropillar.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Longlong Wu, Seongmin Bak, Youngho Shin, Yong S. Chu, Shinjae Yoo, Ian K. Robinson, Xiaojing Huang
Summary: Multimodal hard X-ray scanning probe microscopy combines ptychography with X-ray fluorescence (XRF) microscopy to study functional materials, providing both structural and chemical information. A machine learning model is developed to enhance spatial resolution by decoupling the effect of X-ray probe from the XRF signal, showing superior performance compared to traditional scanning XRF methods. The proposed method can be widely applied in functional materials and biological imaging with XRF microscopy and related applications.
NPJ COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Ines Kutzli, Viviane Lutz-Bueno, Massimo Bagnani, Ana Diaz, Hamed Almohammadi, Reed A. Nicholson, Stefan K. Baier, Raffaele Mezzenga
Summary: This study investigates the fabrication of core-shell microfibers using microfluidic spinning of pectin and beta-lactoglobulin. The addition of amyloid fibrils as the protein core improved the mechanical properties of the fibers, but increasing the protein core flow rate had a negative effect. Overall, full length amyloid fibrils showed better mechanical properties than shortened amyloid fibrils.
FOOD HYDROCOLLOIDS
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Martina Olsson, Rydvikha Govender, Ana Diaz, Mirko Holler, Andreas Menzel, Susanna Abrahmsen-Alami, Matthew Sadd, Anette Larsson, Aleksandar Matic, Marianne Liebi
Summary: This paper presents a correlative, multiscale imaging methodology combining PXCT and S/WAXS to visualize and quantify the morphology of solid dosage forms. The method allows characterization of structures from the nanometre to millimetre regime. The methodology is demonstrated using a hot-melt extruded solid dispersion of carbamazepine in ethyl cellulose. The 3D morphology was visualized through PXCT, revealing an oriented structure of crystalline drug domains. Scanning S/WAXS showed similarity in the nanostructure across the cross section of the extruded filament.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Raj Kumar Ramamoorthy, Ezgi Yildirim, Isaac Rodriguez-Ruiz, Pierre Roblin, Lise-Marie Lacroix, Ana Diaz, Rohan Parmar, Sebastien Teychene, Guillaume Viau
Summary: We present a continuous microreactor platform that allows sub-millisecond homogeneous reagent mixing for the synthesis of ultra-small gold nanoparticles. By utilizing high frequency time-resolved information, we observed the presence of Au(iii)/Au(i) prenucleation clusters and the transient formation of an Au(i) lamellar phase. Two different reaction pathways associated with the presence or absence of the Au(i) lamellar phase are proposed and modeled.
