Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Arslan Asim, Michael Cada, Alan Fine, Yuan Ma, Farheen Ibraheem
Summary: This paper proposes an optical sensor based on nanoscale metamaterial structures and explores its design and applications through numerical modeling and analysis. The sensor detects changes in refractive index by using electromagnetic waves to strike the structure and observing the spectral response. It displays sharp resonance peaks in the reflected beam and has a linear response and a large Quality (Q) factor.
Article
Mathematics
Elsayed M. E. Zayed, Khaled A. Gepreel, Mahmoud El-Horbaty, Anjan Biswas, Yakup Yildirim, Hashim M. Alshehri
Summary: This paper explores highly dispersive optical solitons in the complex Ginzburg-Landau equation with six forms of nonlinear refractive index structures for the first time. The enhanced version of the Kudryashov approach is used as the integration tool, leading to the emergence of bright and singular soliton solutions with their respective parameter constraints.
Article
Optics
Daniele Pirone, Joowon Lim, Francesco Merola, Lisa Miccio, Martina Mugnano, Vittorio Bianco, Flora Cimmino, Feliciano Visconte, Annalaura Montella, Mario Capasso, Achille Iolascon, Pasquale Memmolo, Demetri Psaltis, Pietro Ferraro
Summary: By applying computational segmentation, the three-dimensional quantitative shape of a cell nucleus can now be accurately identified without fluorescent staining. This method avoids the difficulties or impossibilities associated with cell staining and allows for the extraction of specific intracellular structures.
Article
Polymer Science
Lara Velasco Davoise, Rafael Pena Capilla, Ana M. M. Diez-Pascual
Summary: In this study, the complex refractive indexes of seven PEDOT:PSS samples were determined, including three with isotropic behavior and four with optical anisotropy. The effect of film thickness, measurement technique, and preparation method on the extinction coefficient and refractive index of each sample was discussed. The different sets of refractive index data were fitted to three different models, and the results showed that Liu's model gave better results with small errors. The study emphasizes the importance of accurately knowing the refractive index in order to accurately calculate the light absorption in PEDOT:PSS films.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Renju Nandan, M. Venkat Ratnam, V. Ravi Kiran, B. L. Madhavan, Dinesh N. Naik
Summary: The study estimates the complex refractive index of aerosols using surface-based measurements from a tropical rural area in southern India, finding that the imaginary parts are high during the pre-monsoon season. It also reveals that in winter, the contributions to total columnar scattering and absorption mainly come from aerosols below the atmospheric boundary layer, while in the monsoon season, 80-90% of the contribution is from aerosols above the atmosphere.
ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Gang Zhao, Min Hu, Xin Fang, Tianyi Tan, Yao Xiao, Zhuofei Du, Jing Zheng, Dongjie Shang, Zhijun Wu, Song Guo, Chunsheng Zhao
Summary: The characteristics of ambient aerosol refractive index (RRI) in China were studied for the first time based on field measurements at four sites with different atmospheres. The results showed that the variation in ambient aerosol RRI significantly affects the scattering coefficient and direct radiative effects of the aerosols.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Optics
Aleksandra Nabilkova, Azat Ismagilov, Maksim Melnik, Anton Tsypkin, Mikhail Guselnikov, Sergei Kozlov, Xi-Cheng Zhang
Summary: In order to create self-controlled radiation photonics systems, it is essential to understand the nonlinear properties of the materials used. This study experimentally proves the vibrational mechanism of the giant low-inertia cubic nonlinearity of the refractive index of water in the terahertz frequency range. It demonstrates the dominance of this phenomenon when the temperature of the water changes.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
O. Kruger, N. Chetty
Summary: The study focuses on the design, manufacturing, and testing of a permanent vacuum refractometer to improve accuracy and long-term stability, avoiding the use of a vacuum pump.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Optics
Hui Ge, Chong Sheng, Shining Zhu, Hui Liu
Summary: The Unruh effect, a fascinating aspect of quantum fields in curved spacetime, remains a challenge for direct experimental detection of Unruh temperature. Gradient optical waveguides are proposed to achieve high effective Unruh temperature, but experimental realization is yet to be reported. This study uses a tapered fiber to simulate accelerated motion and obtains effective Unruh temperature, showing a dependence of leaky radiation on photon acceleration.
Article
Optics
Long Cheng, Fabio Formisano, Kirill A. Grishunin, Sergey D. Gorelov, Paul H. M. van Loosdrecht, Jian Yan, Xuan Luo, Zhigao Sheng, Evgeny A. Mashkovich
Summary: This study demonstrates the efficient induction of the quadratic electro-optic effect (Kerr effect) by a terahertz (THz) electric field in the quasi-two-dimensional material MnPS3. The findings suggest that MnPS3 has the potential to be a promising candidate for practical applications in future ultrafast electro-optical devices.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
C. Z. Tan
Summary: The refractive index and material dispersion are influenced by the resonance and plasma frequencies, which are influenced by temperature. The relationship between the resonance frequency and plasma frequency is linear, and the change in refractive index with temperature is related to heat capacity. Using a proposed method, the temperature-dependent refractive index and material dispersion of diamond were calculated, and compared with reported results for the thermo-optic coefficients at low frequencies. The thermo-optic coefficient approaches zero as temperature approaches absolute zero and reaches a limit for high temperatures.
APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Valentino Pistore, Osman Balci, Jincan Zhang, Sachin M. Schinde, Adil Meersha, Andrea C. Ferrari, Miriam S. Vitiello
Summary: Assessing the optical parameters of graphene experimentally is crucial for quantum science, as it allows for the development of miniaturized devices and components that can manipulate optical properties and induce novel functionalities.
Article
Optics
Clement Deleau, Han Cheng Seat, Olivier Bernal, Frederic Surre
Summary: In this study, a high-sensitivity integrated silicon nitride long period grating (LPG) refractometer based on a rib waveguide with sinusoidally modulated width is demonstrated. The sensor exhibits a very high refractometric sensitivity that remains constant over a broad spectral range and also has low temperature sensitivity and a simple fabrication process. These results demonstrate the feasibility of achieving both high sensitivity and a large dynamic range of the proposed refractometer through chip-scale photonic integration.
PHOTONICS RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Optics
Yanxian Wei, Hailong Zhou, Jianji Dong, Xinliang Zhang
Summary: The compact Mach-Zehnder interferometer proposed in this paper is based on complex refractive index engineering, enabling the lateral size of the device to be compressed to only 3.25 μm. The reduced space between heaters and waveguides also leads to a fast response time of only 1.9 μs. This work offers a new approach for compact integrated optical switches and opens up new possibilities for the application of absorbing materials.
Article
Optics
Cheng-Chih Hsu, Shih-Han Hung, Yu-Hsuan Lin, Min-Rui Wu
Summary: A reliable glucose concentration measurement system was proposed, which consisted of a circular heterodyne polarimeter and a reusable enzymatic sensor for determining glucose concentrations in aqueous solutions and human serum. The system offers high accuracy and stability, and the enzymatic sensor can be reused multiple times under optimal conditions.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
John E. Hergert, A. Camila Uzcategui, Archish Muralidharan, Victor Crespo-Cuevas, Virginia L. Ferguson, Robert R. McLeod
Summary: In this study, 3D-printed polymer blends with programmable mechanical and compositional heterogeneity were fabricated using grayscale digital light processing. By modulating the intensity of light during printing and introducing a second monomer, different regions of the printed part can be selectively swollen and mixed with different materials. This method enables predictive control over local mechanical properties while maintaining a simple printing process.
ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Applied
A. N. Giakoumaki, G. Coccia, V. Bharadwaj, J. P. Hadden, A. J. Bennett, B. Sotillo, R. Yoshizaki, P. Olivero, O. Jedrkiewicz, R. Ramponi, S. M. Pietralunga, M. Bollani, A. Bifone, P. E. Barclay, A. Kubanek, S. M. Eaton
Summary: Integrated photonic circuits with the ability to confine and manipulate light show promise for applications in quantum information and sensing technologies. The negatively charged nitrogen vacancy (NV-) diamond color center is a leading candidate as a spin-active quantum emitter, with the capability of optically reading its ground spin state and long coherence times at room temperature. The use of femtosecond laser writing allows for the fabrication of optical waveguides and NV complexes. This Perspective reviews the physical mechanisms of laser fabrication in diamond, analyzes the properties of waveguides, single- and ensemble-NV centers, and discusses the potential for their integration into photonic devices for quantum information and sensing.
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Archish Muralidharan, Victor Crespo-Cuevas, Virginia L. Ferguson, Robert R. McLeod, Stephanie J. Bryant
Summary: This study investigated the degradation of two PBAEs with different chemistries and chain lengths. It was found that increasing the concentration of cross-linker shortened the kinetic chains and time-to-reverse gelation. In addition, increasing network hydrophilicity contributed to slower degradation.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Leandro Sottili, Lorenzo Giuntini, Anna Mazzinghi, Mirko Massi, Luca Carraresi, Lisa Castelli, Caroline Czelusniak, Francesca Giambi, Pier Andrea Mando, Marco Manetti, Chiara Ruberto, Laura Guidorzi, Alessandro Re, Alessandro Lo Giudice, Rodrigo Torres, Francesco Arneodo, Simi Maria Emilia Mangani, Silvia Calusi, Francesco Taccetti
Summary: Analytical techniques such as PIXE and XRF play a crucial role in heritage science, enabling the analysis of elemental composition. The INFN-LABEC and INFN-CHNet groups have made technological improvements to PIXE and XRF setups for art and archaeological analysis. The MACHINA project by INFN, CERN, and OPD focuses on on-site Ion Beam Analysis (IBA) studies of cultural heritage.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2022)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
L. Anderlini, M. Bellini, C. Corsi, S. Lagomarsino, C. Lucarelli, G. Passaleva, S. Sciortino, M. Veltri
Summary: This article presents a tracking detector for future hadronic machines that can withstand extreme levels of radiation while providing high space and time resolutions. The prototype 3D pixel diamond detector, fabricated in Firenze, achieves a time resolution below 100 ps with an efficiency greater than 99% according to test beam results.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT
(2022)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Keida Kanxheri, Cinzia Talamonti, Silvio Sciortino, Stefano Lagomarsino, Maria Ionica, Mirco Caprai, Francesco Moscatelli, Leonello Servoli
Summary: By using a 3D manufacturing technique to create diamond detectors with different pixel sizes, this study investigates the impact of pixel size on various dosimetry measurements in radiotherapy. The results show that pixel size does not affect the linearity of response with dose rate and the reproducibility of response, but it is of fundamental importance in the measurement of beam profiles.
PHYSICA MEDICA-EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Yangyi Yu, Kristine M. Fischenich, Sarah A. Schoonraad, Shane Weatherford, Asais Camila Uzcategui, Kevin Eckstein, Archish Muralidharan, Victor Crespo-Cuevas, Francisco Rodriguez-Fontan, Jason P. Killgore, Guangheng Li, Robert R. McLeod, Nancy Hadley Miller, Virginia L. Ferguson, Stephanie J. Bryant, Karin A. Payne
Summary: In this study, a 3D printed growth plate mimetic composite was developed to prevent limb length discrepancies and induce cartilage regeneration. The composite improved tibial lengthening in a rabbit model of growth plate injury, but did not show cartilage regeneration within the construct histologically.
NPJ REGENERATIVE MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Emilio Corte, Greta Andrini, Elena Nieto Hernandez, Vanna Pugliese, Angelo Costa, Goele Magchiels, Janni Moens, Shandirai Malven Tunhuma, Renan Villarreal, Lino M. C. Pereira, Andre Vantomme, Joao Guilherme Correia, Ettore Bernardi, Paolo Traina, Ivo Pietro Degiovanni, Ekaterina Moreva, Marco Genovese, Sviatoslav Ditalia Tchernij, Paolo Olivero, Ulrich Wahl, Jacopo Forneris
Summary: We conducted the first comprehensive characterization of the structural and photoluminescence properties of optically active centers formed through implantation of Mg+ ions in synthetic diamond. Using electron emission channeling technique, we analyzed the structural configurations of Mg-related defects and observed a major fraction of Mg atoms (around 30% to 42%) in sites consistent with the split-vacancy structure of the MgV complex. Photoluminescence emission studies revealed new spectral features and provided insights into the optimal conditions for stable and intense emission. Our findings have significant implications for quantum information processing applications utilizing the tunable properties of the MgV center.
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
N. Gelli, L. Giuntini, F. Cantini, O. Sans-Planell, M. Magalini, M. Manetti, L. Sodi, M. Massi, L. Castelli, C. Czelusniak, F. Taccetti, T. E. Bella, G. Marcucci, M. Clemenza, D. Di Martino, M. Morigi, M. Bettuzzi, L. Vigorelli, A. Re, A. Lo Giudice, D. Alloni, M. Prata, S. Altieri, A. Salvini, F. Grazzi
Summary: This paper presents NICHE (Neutron Imaging for Cultural HEritage), the new neutron imaging facility of the Italian National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN). The main features of the beamline, the specifications of the detection set-up, and the performances of the imaging system are reported. NICHE is installed at the TRIGA reactor of LENA (Laboratorio Energia Nucleare Applicata) Pavia University laboratory (Italy). It is the first Italian neutron imaging station open to national external users and allows for morphological characterization of samples.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Anna Mazzinghi, Lisa Castelli, Francesca Giambi, Chiara Ruberto, Leandro Sottili, Francesco Taccetti, Lorenzo Giuntini
Summary: The Madonna with Child by Andrea Mantegna, owned by the Museo Poldi Pezzoli in Milan, is a canvas painting created using an unusual distemper technique. The use of the MA-XRF spectrometer revealed that the restoration work by Giuseppe Molteni completely covered the original layer, including the mantle of the Virgin, and made significant changes to the painting's appearance. The results also provided guidance for conservation works and led to the decision to remove the varnish and Molteni's version to reveal the original Mantegna.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
F. Taccetti, L. Castelli, M. Chiari, C. Czelusniak, S. Falciano, M. Fedi, F. Giambi, P. A. Mando, M. Manetti, M. Massi, A. Mazzinghi, C. Ruberto, P. Ronzino, I. Bini, S. Frati, F. Benetti, M. Cestelli Guidi, M. Ciatti, C. Frosinini, S. Rossi, S. Mathot, G. Anelli, G. Cipolla, A. Grudiev, A. Lombardi, E. Milne, E. Montesinos, H. Pommerenke, K. Scibor, M. Vretenar, L. Giuntini
Summary: To address logistical, economic, and safety issues, Italian National Institute of Nuclear Physics, CERN, and Opificio delle Pietre Dure have developed a portable accelerator called MACHINA for in-situ non-destructive analysis of cultural heritage. Despite the slowdown caused by COVID-19 in 2020 and 2021, they continued to develop the control electronics/software and built the second-generation supporting structure. In early 2022, they successfully tested the system and obtained the first extracted 2-MeV proton beam.
RENDICONTI LINCEI-SCIENZE FISICHE E NATURALI
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
F. Taccetti, L. Castelli, C. Czelusniak, F. Giambi, M. Manetti, M. Massi, A. Mazzinghi, C. Ruberto, F. Arneodo, R. Torres, F. Castella, L. Gheco, N. Mastrangelo, D. Gallegos, A. Morales, M. Tascon, F. Marte, L. Giuntini
Summary: INFN-CHNet is a cultural heritage network established by the Italian National Institute of Nuclear Physics, with units from Italy and outside Europe, including the Universidad Nacional de San Martin in Buenos Aires, Argentina. The network's laboratory at CEPyA-UNSAM is a multidisciplinary facility focusing on scientific and humanistic research. This manuscript presents the X-ray fluorescence scanner as the first instrument developed in this laboratory, its main features, and its applications in the field of cultural heritage including the study of hidden rock art, archaeological pottery, and ancient photography. The primary outcome of this initiative is the conception of a future network of scientific laboratories in South America.
RENDICONTI LINCEI-SCIENZE FISICHE E NATURALI
(2023)
Article
Humanities, Multidisciplinary
Anna Mazzinghi, Chiara Ruberto, Lorenzo Giuntini, Pier Andrea Mando, Francesco Taccetti, Lisa Castelli
Summary: Raffaello is renowned for his detailed and natural paintings, particularly in the technique of oil painting. In 2020, a large exhibition was held in Rome to commemorate the 500th anniversary of his death, showcasing many of his works. One of these paintings, a portrait of Leo X, underwent conservation and diagnostic analysis before being displayed in Rome. This paper presents the results of macro X-ray fluorescence analysis, discussing the use of bismuth black and glass powders.
Proceedings Paper
Computer Science, Theory & Methods
Giulia Petrini, Giulia Tomagra, Ettore Bernardi, Ekaterina Moreva, Paolo Traina, Andrea Marcantoni, Federico Picollo, Paolo Olivero, Klaudia Kvakova, Petr Cigler, Ivo Pietro Degiovanni, Valentina Carabelli, Marco Genovese
Summary: The growing interest in quantum sensors, particularly nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in artificial diamond, has led to the study and improvement of sensors capable of detecting physical quantities of biological interest. These sensors, synthesized at the nanometer scale, can be inserted into cells and targeted to specific organelles. Despite their current sensitivity limitations, the detection of temperature variations at the cellular level is a promising application. The experiment presented demonstrates the measurement of local temperature variation in neuronal cell cultures using optically detected magnetic resonance with engineered NV centers in nanodiamonds.
PROCEEDINGS OF 2022 IEEE INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON METROLOGY FOR INDUSTRY 4.0 & IOT (IEEE METROIND4.0&IOT)
(2022)
