Article
Optics
Cihang Kong, Christian Pilger, Manuel Kunisch, Christine Foerster, Jan Schulte am Esch, Thomas Huser
Summary: Coherent Raman scattering (CRS) microscopy is a label-free imaging method with high chemical sensitivity and sub-micron spatial resolution. A tunable two-color fiber laser with superior noise performance is demonstrated. Large-area multimodal imaging of human liver tissue sections is achieved and compared to commercial laser data.
LASER & PHOTONICS REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Duanyang Xu, Sijing Liang, Lin Xu, Konstantinos N. Bourdakos, Peter Johnson, James Read, Jonathan H. V. Price, Sumeet Mahajan, David J. Richardson
Summary: The study showcases a continuous wave seeded synchronization-free optical parametric amplifier (OPA) with high performance in CARS, SHG, and two-photon fluorescence microscopy, making it a promising tool for biomedical imaging research. The OPA offers simplified setup and rapid tuning capabilities, enabling label-free multiphoton microscopy techniques for potential translation into a diagnostic tool in healthcare settings.
BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Lili Zhang, Xiang Zou, Jing Huang, Jie Fan, Xiangjie Sun, Bohan Zhang, Bin Zheng, Chongyuan Guo, Deliang Fu, Lie Yao, Minbiao Ji
Summary: The study shows that label-free coherent nonlinear optical microscopy with combined SRS and SHG can reveal key diagnostic features of both normal and cancerous pancreatic tissues, providing potential for rapid intraoperative diagnosis of pancreatic cancer and predictive value for postoperative pancreatic fistula.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Andrea Bertoncini, Sergey P. Laptenok, Luca Genchi, Vijayakumar P. Rajamanickam, Carlo Liberale
Summary: The 3D printed high NA compact catadioptric lens effectively eliminates the spurious background signals induced by XPM in SRS measurements, enabling convenient collection of high-quality SRS signals. This lens not only rivals high-NA microscope objectives in signal collection, but also demonstrates compatibility with other nonlinear microscopies associated with SRS in multimodal microscopes.
JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Junjie Zeng, Wenying Zhao, Shuhua Yue
Summary: The high attrition rates of anti-cancer drugs during clinical development pose a challenge in pharmaceutical industry. Fluorescence microscopy, while commonly used in oncology research, may have limitations due to the large size of fluorescent labels. Coherent Raman scattering microscopy offers a promising solution, providing chemically selective, sensitive, high-resolution imaging without the need for labeling, thus facilitating oncology pharmacokinetic research.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Richard C. Prince, Eric O. Potma
Summary: Coherent Raman scattering (CRS) microscopy is an optical imaging technique with great potential for biomedical research. Despite significant advancements in specificity, sensitivity, and practicality, broader dissemination of the technique remains a challenge. New developments and technical improvements have expanded the application space of CRS microscopy, but efforts are still needed to attract more users beyond enthusiasts.
JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Xianli Wang, Yajun Yu, Yichuan Dai, Qianming Xu, Kaiqin Chu, Zachary J. Smith
Summary: The low resolution Raman concept allows for a low-cost and automated Raman microscope capable of analyzing thousands of microscopic objects without user intervention. By sacrificing spectral resolution, the need for high quality equipment is eliminated, making it a promising tool for pervasive Raman spectroscopy.
IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS
(2023)
Article
Spectroscopy
Thomas Gottschall, Tobias Meyer-Zedler, Michael Schmitt, Robert Huber, Juergen Popp, Andreas Tuennermann, Jens Limpert
Summary: This work presents the construction of an ultra-compact narrowband fiber laser source for coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy, using a narrowband and fast electronically tunable cw seed source and a fiber optical parametric amplifier. The system has been successfully used in coherent anti-Stokes Raman imaging experiments of crystalline deuterated palmitic acid, demonstrating a high conversion efficiency of 50%.
JOURNAL OF RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY
(2021)
Article
Optics
Dorian Bouchet, Jacob Seifert, Allard P. Mosk
Summary: This study presents a numerical framework to quantify the precision of estimating parameters from measured data using the Fisher information matrix as a benchmark for assessing CDI methods. By optimizing the Fisher information metric with deep learning libraries, the research identifies an optimal illumination scheme for minimizing estimation errors under specific experimental constraints, paving the way for efficient characterization of structured samples at the sub-wavelength scale.
Article
Optics
Thomas Wurthwein, Maximilian Brinkmann, Tim Hellwig, Kristin Wallmeier, Carsten Fallnich
Summary: The technology utilizes a compact and fast tunable fiber-based light source for frequency modulation coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS). With wavelength tuning, Raman resonances between 700 cm(-1) and 3200 cm(-1) can be addressed within 5 ms, allowing for frame-to-frame wavelength switching for FMCARS measurements. Integration of high-sensitivity functionality via fiber optics enables a 40 times enhanced sensitivity at a lock-in amplifier bandwidth.
Article
Optics
Fangbo Zhang, Hongqiang Xie, Luqi Yuan, Zhihao Zhang, Botao Fu, Shupeng Yu, Guihua Li, Ning Zhang, Xu Lu, Jinping Yao, Ya Cheng, Zhizhan Xu
Summary: The technique enables high-sensitivity detection of greenhouse gases by using air lasing to interrogate Raman coherence, improving signal-to-noise ratio and spectral resolution. It provides a simple and promising route for remote detection due to low divergence of Raman signals and high-energy pump lasers.
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Keisuke Seto, Takayoshi Kobayashi, Eiji Tokunaga
Summary: This paper introduces a noise correlation auto-balancing method to reduce the influence of light source noise on signals. The method balances the intensities of signals by adjusting the gain of the probe signal, and uses the correlation between the reference signal and residual noise in the subtraction as the error signal, solving problems such as DC-offset drift and dynamic range.
REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Jiabao Xu, Tong Yu, Christos E. Zois, Ji-Xin Cheng, Yuguo Tang, Adrian L. Harris, Wei E. Huang
Summary: Raman spectroscopy and imaging are label-free, non-destructive techniques used to study cellular metabolism at subcellular level. This review summarizes the applications of Raman-based methods in cancer metabolism and imaging, highlighting their contribution to understanding complex biological processes.
Article
Optics
Moritz Floess, Tobias Steinle, Harald Giessen
Summary: This paper demonstrates a femtosecond fiber-feedback optical parametric oscillator (FFOPO) system combined with pulse picking, which enables rapid and arbitrary pulse modulation with a high contrast ratio. The system can generate individual full-power pulses without additional injection seeding, and it has fast signal buildup dynamics and output switching. This technology can be applied in multiphoton 3D direct laser writing and stimulated Raman scattering.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Shamsul Abedin, Yong Li, Abid Anjum Sifat, Khokan Roy, Eric O. Potma
Summary: This study addresses the challenges of stability and reproducibility in surface-enhanced coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (SE-CARS) by using nanoantennas made from high-index dielectric particles. The experimental results demonstrate enhanced molecular CARS signals observed at Si nanoantennas, which offer improved thermal stability compared to metallic counterparts.
Biographical-Item
Chemistry, Physical
Warren Zipfel, Chris Xu, Elliot Elson, Sudipta Maiti
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Bin Sun, Mengran Wang, Anna Hoerder-Suabedissen, Chris Xu, Adam M. Packer, Francis G. Szele
Summary: We demonstrate, for the first time, three-photon microscopy imaging of the SVZ in live mice. This strategy could be useful for intravital visualization of cell dynamics, molecular, and pathological perturbation and regenerative events.
Article
Immunology
Kibaek Choe, Yusaku Hontani, Tianyu Wang, Eric Hebert, Dimitre G. Ouzounov, Kristine Lai, Ankur Singh, Wendy Beguelin, Ari M. Melnick, Chris Xu
Summary: Intravital three-photon microscopy allows for the visualization of immune cell behavior in mouse lymph nodes at depths of 600-900 μm. This technique enables measurement of migration ability in different depths and the observation of inflammation effects on T cell motility.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Najva Akbari, Mihailo R. Rebec, Fei Xia, Chris Xu
Summary: Multiphoton fluorescence microscopy uses long excitation wavelengths and nonlinear excitation to increase penetration depth and suppress out-of-focus fluorescence for deep in vivo imaging. However, the imaging depth is limited by tissue scattering and absorption. Three-photon fluorescence microscopy has been developed to overcome this limitation and achieve unprecedented deep in vivo imaging. Further technological development is needed to fully exploit the potential of three-photon microscopy.
BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Aron T. Mok, Jamien Shea, Chunyan Wu, Fei Xia, Rose Tatarsky, Nilay Yapici, Chris Xu
Summary: We developed a simple and flexible setup to measure tissue ballistic and total transmission. The measurements were performed on biological samples ex vivo, and spatially resolved transmission maps were obtained to reveal transmission heterogeneity. The method can be applied to measure transmission of other samples and has valuable implications for multiphoton microscopy.
BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS
(2022)
Article
Biology
Max Jameson Aragon, Aaron T. Mok, Jamien Shea, Mengran Wang, Haein Kim, Nathan Barkdull, Chris Xu, Nilay Yapici
Summary: A multiphoton imaging method was developed to capture neural structure and activity in behaving flies through the intact cuticle, revealing high transmission at wavelengths >900nm. By compressing or removing air sacs, multiphoton imaging of the fly brain through the intact cuticle was achieved with superior results using 3-photon imaging in deeper regions. This through-cuticle imaging method extends the time limits of in vivo imaging in flies and offers new ways to study neural structure and activity in the fly brain.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yusaku Hontani, Najva Akbari, Kristine E. Kolkman, Chunyan Wu, Fei Xia, Kibaek Choe, Grace Zhang Wang, Mariya Sokolova, Joseph R. Fetcho, Chris Xu
Summary: Multiphoton microscopy techniques, such as two-photon microscopy (2PM) and three-photon microscopy (3PM), are powerful tools for deep-tissue in vivo imaging with subcellular resolution. Three-photon microscopy has advantages over two-photon microscopy in terms of longer attenuation length and less background fluorescence generation. Commercial laser sources and microscopes are available for 3PM, making it readily accessible for biology research laboratories.
JOVE-JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
David Sinefeld, Fei Xia, Mengran Wang, Tianyu Wang, Chunyan Wu, Xusan Yang, Hari P. Paudel, Dimitre G. Ouzounov, Thomas G. Bifano, Chris Xu
Summary: This study presents an AO system for 3PM in vivo mouse brain imaging, which achieves deeper imaging using a femtosecond source and MEMS SLM for phase correction.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Ahmed S. Abdelfattah, Sapna Ahuja, Taner Akkin, Srinivasa Rao Allu, Joshua Brake, David A. Boas, Erin M. Buckley, Robert E. Campbell, Anderson Chen, Xiaojun Cheng, Tomas Cizmar, Irene Costantini, Massimo De Vittorio, Anna Devor, Patrick R. Doran, Mirna El Khatib, Valentina Emiliani, Natalie Fomin-Thunemann, Yeshaiahu Fainman, Tomas Fernandez-Alfonso, Christopher G. L. Ferri, Ariel Gilad, Xue Han, Andrew Harris, Elizabeth M. C. Hillman, Ute Hochgeschwender, Matthew G. Holt, Na Ji, Kivilcim Kilic, Evelyn M. R. Lake, Lei Li, Tianqi Li, Philipp Machler, Evan W. Miller, Rickson C. Mesquita, K. M. Naga Srinivas Nadella, U. Valentin Nagerl, Yusuke Nasu, Axel Nimmerjahn, Petra Ondrackova, Francesco S. Pavone, Citlali Perez Campos, Darcy S. Peterka, Filippo Pisano, Ferruccio Pisanello, Francesca Puppo, Bernardo L. Sabatini, Sanaz Sadegh, Sava Sakadzic, Shy Shoham, Sanaya N. Shroff, R. Angus Silver, Ruth R. Sims, Spencer L. Smith, Vivek J. Srinivasan, Martin Thunemann, Lei Tian, Lin Tian, Thomas Troxler, Antoine Valera, Alipasha Vaziri, Sergei A. Vinogradov, Flavia Vitale, Lihong Wang, Hana Uhlirova, Chris Xu, Changhuei Yang, Mu-Han Yang, Gary Yellen, Ofer Yizhar, Yongxin Zhao
Summary: This article reviews a diverse toolkit of novel methods for exploring brain function that have emerged from the BRAIN Initiative and related large-scale efforts, with a focus on neurophotonic tools applicable to animal studies. It provides an outlook for future directions in the field.
Article
Optics
Sylvain Gigan, Ori Katz, Hilton B. de Aguiar, Esben Ravn Andresen, Alexandre Aubry, Jacopo Bertolotti, Emmanuel Bossy, Dorian Bouchet, Joshua Brake, Sophie Brasselet, Yaron Bromberg, Hui Cao, Thomas Chaigne, Zhongtao Cheng, Wonshik Choi, Tomas Cizmar, Meng Cui, Vincent R. Curtis, Hugo Defienne, Matthias Hofer, Ryoichi Horisaki, Roarke Horstmeyer, Na Ji, Aaron K. LaViolette, Jerome Mertz, Christophe Moser, Allard P. Mosk, Nicolas C. Pegard, Rafael Piestun, Sebastien Popoff, David B. Phillips, Demetri Psaltis, Babak Rahmani, Herve Rigneault, Stefan Rotter, Lei Tian, Ivo M. Vellekoop, Laura Waller, Lihong Wang, Timothy Weber, Sheng Xiao, Chris Xu, Alexey Yamilov, Changhuei Yang, Hasan Yilmaz
Summary: In the last decade, various tools such as wavefront shaping and computational methods have been developed to understand and control the propagation of light in complex mediums. This field has revolutionized the possibility of diffraction-limited imaging at depth in tissues, and a vibrant community is actively working on it.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-PHOTONICS
(2022)
Editorial Material
Optics
Chris Xu
Summary: The research group has developed a skull-clearing technique that enables stable, high resolution optical imaging of the mouse brain through a transparent window for several weeks.
LIGHT-SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Najva Akbari, Rose L. Tatarsky, Kristine E. Kolkman, Joseph R. Fetcho, Andrew H. Bass, Chris Xu
Summary: Danionella, a neuroscience model, allows scientists to study the entire depth and rostral-caudal extent of the adult vertebrate brain using two- and three-photon microscopy.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Aaron K. Laviolette, Dimitre G. Ouzounov, Chris Xu
Summary: Measurements of three-photon action cross-sections for fluorescein in water with pH -11.5 were conducted using a femtosecond wavelength tunable non-collinear optical parametric amplifier. The excitation wavelength range was from 1154 to 1500 nm in 50 nm steps. The results confirmed the cube-law power dependance and revealed differences in the three-photon excitation spectrum compared to the one- and two-photon excitation spectra. The observed significant difference in three-photon action cross-sections at different wavelengths suggests the presence of resonance enhancement.
BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS
(2023)
Proceedings Paper
Optics
Fei Xia, Monique Gevers, Andreas Fognini, Aaron T. Mok, Bo Li, Najva Akabri, Iman E. Zadeh, Jessie Qin-Dregely, Chris Xu
Summary: By utilizing the advantages of short-wave infrared wavelength, we have demonstrated one-photon fluorescence confocal microscopy of adult mouse brains with penetration depths up to 1.7mm, achieved by labeling quantum dots with 1300 nm excitation and 1700 nm emission and detecting them with a single-photon superconducting nanowire detector.
ADVANCED PHOTON COUNTING TECHNIQUES XVI
(2022)
Proceedings Paper
Engineering, Biomedical
Chris Xu
Summary: Multiphoton microscopy is a crucial technique for high-resolution, deep imaging in scattering biological tissue. An adaptive excitation source has been developed to transform a conventional multiphoton microscope into a random-access microscope, enabling more efficient imaging by exciting only the regions of interest.
HIGH-SPEED BIOMEDICAL IMAGING AND SPECTROSCOPY VII
(2022)