Article
Optics
Jingxu Bai, Yuechun Jiao, Yunhui He, Rong Song, Jianming Zhao, Suotang Jia
Summary: This study demonstrates the three-photon Autler-Townes (AT) spectroscopy in a cold cesium Rydberg four-level atom and investigates the positions of AT peaks and AT splittings, as well as their dependence on the characteristics of the coupling lasers. The research finds that AT splitting γ(AB) mainly comes from the first photon coupling, while γ(BC) mainly comes from the second photon coupling. The simulated results show good agreement with the theoretical simulations considering spectral line broadening.
Article
Optics
Amy K. Robinson, Alexandra B. Artusio-Glimpse, Matthew T. Simons, Christopher L. Holloway
Summary: In this study, electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and Autler-Townes splitting in Rydberg rubidium atoms were investigated using a six-level excitation scheme. Experimental results for various excitation parameters were presented, along with two theoretical models capturing different aspects of the observed atomic spectra. Both the six-level model and the more complex eight-level model showed very good agreement with the experimental data.
Article
Optics
Hsuan-Jui Su, Jia-You Liou, I-Chun Lin, Yi-Hsin Chen
Summary: The effects of laser polarization, magnetic fields, laser intensities, and the optical density of the thermal Rb-87 medium on Rydberg-state electromagnetically-induced-transparency (EIT) were investigated. The study found that high-contrast Rydberg EIT can be achieved under optimized conditions, and this technique can be used as a quantum sensor to detect electromagnetic fields in the environment.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Auxiliadora Padron-Brito, Roberto Tricarico, Pau Farrera, Emanuele Distante, Klara Theophilo, Darrick Chang, Hugues de Riedmatten
Summary: The experimental results show that the value of the second-order autocorrelation function of the transmitted light significantly varies at different positions within the pulse and during the transients of the pulse; the falling edge of the transmitted pulse displays much lower values compared to the rest of the pulse.
NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Optics
Yue Cui, Feng-Dong Jia, Jian-Hai Hao, Yu -Han Wang, Fei Zhou, Xiu-Bin Liu, Yong -Hong Yu, Jiong Mei, Jin-Hai Bai, Ying-Ying Bao, Dong Hu, Yu Wang, Ya Liu, Jian Zhang, Feng Xie, Zhi-Ping Zhong
Summary: We demonstrate the use of an auxiliary microwave field to extend the bandwidth sensitivity of Rydberg-atom-based microwave electrometry. By shifting the atomic energy levels with an appropriate auxiliary microwave field, resonance with the target microwave field can be achieved for Rydberg-Rydberg transitions of interest, increasing the measurement sensitivity by a factor of 10 compared to without the auxiliary field.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mi Lei, Rikuto Fukumori, Jake Rochman, Bihui Zhu, Manuel Endres, Joonhee Choi, Andrei Faraon
Summary: This study investigates the behavior of a system composed of quantum emitters coupled to optical resonators under strong excitation. The researchers discover a sharp collectively induced transparency phenomenon and explore its potential applications in achieving slow light, developing solid-state superradiant lasers, and enhancing ensemble-based quantum interconnects.
Article
Quantum Science & Technology
Mingzhi Han, He Hao, Xiaoyun Song, Zheng Yin, Michal Parniak, Zhengmao Jia, Yandong Peng
Summary: A scheme for measuring microwave electric fields using bichromatic electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in Rydberg atoms is proposed. The absorption spectrum of the excited state transition driven by a bichromatic control field shows three EIT windows. When a microwave field is applied, the EIT windows split and six transmission peaks appear. The distance between the transmission peaks in the spectrum is sensitive to the microwave field strength, allowing for the measurement of the microwave electric field.
EPJ QUANTUM TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Optics
Yuhan Wang, Fengdong Jia, Jianhai Hao, Yue Cui, Fei Zhou, Xiubin Liu, Jiong Mei, Yonghong Yu, Ya Liu, Jian Zhang, Feng Xie, Zhiping Zhong
Summary: A Rydberg atom-based mixer has introduced a new method for characterizing microwave electric fields, including precise measurement of their phase and strength, as well as accurate measurement of microwave electric field polarization. The study demonstrates that the amplitude of the beat note changes with the polarization of the microwave electric field in a 180-degree period, achieving a polarization resolution better than 0.5 degree in the linear region, which is the best level by a Rydberg atomic sensor. Importantly, the mixer-based measurements are immune to the polarization of the light field that forms the Rydberg EIT. This method greatly simplifies theoretical analysis and experimental system required for measuring microwave polarization using Rydberg atoms and is of interest in microwave sensing.
Article
Optics
Shun Liang, Qingsong Yu, Xing Lei, Shaohuan Ning, Changbiao Li, Yanpeng Zhang, Zhaoyang Zhang
Summary: This experiment successfully demonstrated the formation of a one-dimensional electromagnetically induced optical lattice in Rydberg atomic vapors and verified the spatially modulated susceptibility of the lattice. This research not only opens the door for exploring Rydberg-atom physics and related applications based on strong interaction in photonic lattices, but also provides a convenient periodic environment for controlling beam dynamics with Rydberg atoms.
Article
Optics
Jinpeng Yuan, Ting Jin, Lirong Wang, Liantuan Xiao, Suotang Jia
Summary: A mechanism for improving the sensitivity of microwave electric field measurement is presented using dual-MW-dressed electromagnetically induced transparency in a Rb-85 atomic coherent system. By introducing an auxiliary MW field and adjusting its frequency and power, the sensitivity of MW E-field measurement is improved by about two orders of magnitude. This mechanism is applicable for all frequency bands covered by Rydberg energy levels and opens up a novel pathway for high-sensitivity MW E-field measurement with Rydberg atoms.
LASER PHYSICS LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Optics
Xiaoguang Huo, J. F. Chen, Jing Qian, Weiping Zhang
Summary: This paper presents a nondestructive and ultrasensitive imaging scheme for imaging Rydberg atoms within an ensemble of cold probe atoms. By utilizing interaction-enhanced electromagnetically induced transparency, the distribution of Rydberg atoms with high spatial resolution and fast response can be obtained for more precise real-time imaging.
Article
Optics
Jun He, Qiang Liu, Ze Yang, Qiqi Niu, Xiaojuan Ban, Junmin Wang
Summary: The phase noise of incident light fields can be converted into amplitude noise through absorption and dispersion effects in media under electromagnetically induced transparency, sensitive to two-photon detuning. This effect can be utilized for a different type of Rydberg spectroscopy. Experimental measurements of the phase noise spectrum (PNS) with Rydberg atoms in a cesium vapor cell have been presented, along with the proposal and demonstration of a modulation-enhanced PNS approach for microwave field measurements.
Article
Physics, Applied
C. T. Fancher, K. L. Nicolich, K. M. Backes, N. Malvania, K. Cox, D. H. Meyer, P. D. Kunz, J. C. Hill, W. Holland, B. L. Schmittberger Marlow
Summary: A laser frequency stabilization technique is proposed for exciting non-ground state atomic transitions in order to reduce the size, weight, power, and cost requirements of quantum sensing devices. This technique overcomes the challenges posed by large optical cavities and high optical power usage for frequency stabilization, requiring only minimal additional electronics. Experimental results show that Rydberg electric field sensors using this technique can collect data while sacrificing only 0.1% of available bandwidth for frequency stabilization up to 900 Hz.
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Applied
Nikunjkumar Prajapati, Amy K. Robinson, Samuel Berweger, Matthew T. Simons, Alexandra B. Artusio-Glimpse, Christopher L. Holloway
Summary: This study demonstrates improved sensitivity of Rydberg electrometry based on electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) with a ground state repumping laser, which enhances the interaction strength without additional Doppler or power broadening. The nearly doubled EIT amplitude without increased peak width is achieved through this method, showing that similar amplitude increase without repumping field is not possible through simple optimization. The study also identifies photon shot noise of the probe laser as a key limit to detection sensitivity, and shows a nearly 2x improvement in sensitivity with the presence of the repump field.
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Optics
Ting Jin, Shaohua Li, Jinpeng Yuan, Lirong Wang, Liantuan Xiao, Suotang Jia
Summary: In this study, coherent population transfer of Rydberg atoms in Rb-85 is achieved using a dual-microwave driven four-step excitation scheme, with observations of electromagnetically induced transparency, Autler-Townes splitting, and CPT with different energy level configurations. The effects of power and frequency detuning of microwave fields are explored to demonstrate diverse population dynamics. A theoretical model based on the density-matrix is proposed and numerically solved to understand the entire coherent mechanism. Compared to mono-microwave processes, the dual-microwave approach offers optimal coherent transfer evolution with multiple tunable parameters.
OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Jiabei Fan, Yunhui He, Yuechun Jiao, Liping Hao, Jianming Zhao, Suotang Jia
Summary: This study investigates the nonlinear spectra of four-level ladder cesium atoms using three lasers in a vapor cell setup. The observed spectra show distinct features depending on the Rabi frequency and spectral range, indicating different behaviors of the atoms under different laser conditions.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Huihui Wang, Yuechun Jiao, Jianming Zhao, Liantuan Xiao, Suotang Jia
Summary: Through microwave-induced superposition of the 40S (1/2) and 40P (1/2) states of a Cs atom, ultralong-range charge migration was discovered, leading to periodic oscillations of a large dipole moment. This discovery may have implications for new applications and revealed that Cs atoms in superposition state have a larger blockade radius.
CHINESE PHYSICS LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Na Li, Shuxian Li, Lin Wang, Huihui Wang, Jianming Zhao, Changyong Li
Summary: The ionization energy of 2-cyanophenol has been measured for the first time using both photoionization efficient spectroscopy and mass analyzed threshold ionization technique. The precise value is determined to be 73118 +/- 5 cm(-1). The vibrational spectra of the cation were analyzed in detail based on DFT calculations, with the most active normal modes assigned to in-plane ring deformation.
CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Optics
Jingxu Bai, Yuechun Jiao, Yunhui He, Rong Song, Jianming Zhao, Suotang Jia
Summary: This study demonstrates the three-photon Autler-Townes (AT) spectroscopy in a cold cesium Rydberg four-level atom and investigates the positions of AT peaks and AT splittings, as well as their dependence on the characteristics of the coupling lasers. The research finds that AT splitting γ(AB) mainly comes from the first photon coupling, while γ(BC) mainly comes from the second photon coupling. The simulated results show good agreement with the theoretical simulations considering spectral line broadening.
Article
Optics
Huaqiang Li, Jinlian Hu, Jingxu Bai, Meng Shi, Yuechun Jiao, Jianming Zhao, Suotang Jia
Summary: This study demonstrates an atom-based amplitude-modulation (AM) receiver that can receive a weak continuous frequency carrier using a Rydberg AC Stark effect. The receiver achieves a broad operating carrier frequency range and shows high sensitivity. It breaks the limitation of previous atomic receivers and has potential applications in practical communication.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Rong Song, Jingxu Bai, Yuechun Jiao, Jianming Zhao, Suotang Jia
Summary: This study accurately measured and analyzed the lifetimes of nS(1/2) and nD(5/2) cesium Rydberg states. The results showed that the room temperature blackbody radiation and interaction between Rydberg atoms have an impact on the lifetime, especially at higher Rydberg atomic densities.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Yuechun Jiao, Jingxu Bai, Rong Song, Shanxia Bao, Jianming Zhao, Suotang Jia
Summary: In this study, we demonstrated a tuned dipole interaction between Rydberg atoms by employing a controllable electric field in a cold cesium ensemble. By precisely tuning the electric field, Forster resonant interaction and adiabatic resonance energy transfer between the nP and nS Rydberg states were achieved. The results showed that the dipole interaction-induced blockade effect is stronger than the van der Waals interaction-induced blockade effect.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Optics
Yuechun Jiao, Liping Hao, Jiabei Fan, Jingxu Bai, Jianming Zhao, Suotang Jia
Summary: We observed the autoionization of cesium 37D(5/2) Rydberg atoms in ultracold gases and analyzed the autoionization mechanism. By varying the delay time tD and Rydberg atomic density, we investigated the autoionization process. The results showed that the Rydberg density not only affected the initial ion signals but also influenced the evolution of the Rydberg atoms. Our study revealed that the initial ionization of 37D(5/2) Rydberg atoms was mainly due to blackbody radiation-induced photoionization and transitions to nearby Rydberg states induced by blackbody radiation, leading to further ionization.
Article
Physics, Applied
Jinlian Hu, Huaqiang Li, Rong Song, Jingxu Bai, Yuechun Jiao, Jianming Zhao, Suotang Jia
Summary: In this study, we demonstrate a continuously tunable electric field measurement based on the far off-resonant AC Stark effect in a Rydberg atomic vapor cell. By mixing an incident weak signal field with a strong far off-resonant field in the Rydberg system, we are able to measure electric fields in the frequency range of 2 to 5 GHz. Our method provides high sensitivity and can be extended to arbitrary frequency measurements.
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Optics
Yuechun Jiao, Liping Hao, Jingxu Bai, Jiabei Fan, Zhengyang Bai, Weibin Li, Jianming Zhao, Suotang Jia
Summary: In this experiment, we study the Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) of a cascade three-level atom involving the 80D(5/2) state in a strong interaction regime using a cesium ultracold cloud. We observe a slow decrease in EIT transmission over time at two-photon resonance, indicating interaction-induced metastability. The dephasing rate is found to have a nonlinear dependence on the incident photon number. The main dephasing mechanism is attributed to strong dipole-dipole interactions and state transfer to other Rydberg states.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shuxian Li, Yan Zhao, Yuechun Jiao, Jianming Zhao, Changyong Li, Suotang Jia
Summary: In this study, the vibrational features of 2-fluorobenzonitrile and 3-fluorobenzonitrile in their excited and cationic ground states were investigated using two-color resonance two photon ionization and mass analyzed threshold ionization spectroscopy. The stable structures and vibrational frequencies in different states were calculated using density functional theory, and the theoretical results were in good agreement with the experimental data. The findings of this research provide valuable insights into the physicochemical properties of fluorinated organic compounds.
Article
Optics
Jiabei Fan, Hanxiao Zhang, Yuechun Jiao, Changcheng Li, Jingxu Bai, Jinhui Wu, Jianming Zhao, Suotang Jia
Summary: We demonstrate the coherent microwave manipulation of a single optical photon by utilizing a single Rydberg excitation in an atomic ensemble. The strong nonlinearities in a Rydberg blockade region allow for the storage of a single photon in the form of a Rydberg polariton using electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). By applying a microwave field, the stored single photon can be manipulated, while coherent readout is achieved by mapping the excitation into a single photon. Our experimental observations are well explained by numerical simulations based on an improved superatom model, and this work is significant for the development of quantum technologies.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Shuxian Li, Yan Zhao, Fuqiang Hu, Yuechun Jiao, Jianming Zhao, Changyong Li
Summary: This study calculated the potential energy surface (PES) of 2-ethoxybenzonitrile and found five different conformers. The most stable conformer I (trans) was observed in experiments. Theoretical results and experimental measurements were in good agreement. Vibrational structures and transition energies were analyzed.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
(2023)
Article
Optics
Yunhui He, Zhengyang Bai, Yuechun Jiao, Jianming Zhao, Weibin Li
Summary: In this study, steady-state phases of a one-dimensional array of Rydberg atoms coupled by a microwave field were investigated. The interplay among the microwave coupling, van der Waals interaction, and single-body and collective decay between Rydberg states was examined. Different phases, including uniform, antiferromagnetic, oscillatory, bistable, and multistable phases, were observed. Numerical simulations and linear stability analysis were performed to investigate the critical point and scaling of the phase transition with the atom number.
Article
Optics
Yongmei Xue, Chao Hang, Yunhui He, Zhengyang Bai, Yuechun Jiao, Guoxiang Huang, Jianming Zhao, Suotang Jia
Summary: The experimental observation of partial PT symmetry in a cesium atomic gas coupled with laser fields is reported, and the transition of partial PT symmetry is observed by changing the beam-waist ratio. A technique to precisely determine the exceptional point location of the partial PT symmetry breaking is developed.
