Highly luminescent yellow and yellowish-green light-emitting electrochemical cells based on cationic iridium complexes with phenanthroline based ancillary ligands

Highly luminescent light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) based on cationic iridium complexes [Ir(ppz)(2)(dpphen)]PF6 (1) and [Ir(ppz)(2)(tmphen)]PF6 (2) (ppz is 1-phenylpyrazole, dpphen is 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline and tmphen is 3,4,7,8-tetramethyl-1,10-phenanthroline) with phenanthroline based ancillary ligands were fabricated using air stable electrodes and their electroluminescent properties were investigated. LECs based on complex 1 emitted yellow electroluminescence (lambda(max) 574 nm) with Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.49, 0.50) while the complex 2 gave yellowish-green electroluminescence (lambda(max) 537 nm) with CIE coordinates of (0.35, 0.58). The work done here reveals that the alkyl substituted phenanthroline ancillary ligand, tmphen shifts the light emission to the shorter wavelength region than the phenyl substituted dpphen ligand, resulting in the color tuning of the light-emitting devices. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to gain insight into the molecular surfaces of cationic iridium complexes and their electrochemical behaviors. Single layer LECs based on these complexes exhibited a high luminescence of 5199 and 4751 cd/m(2) for complexes 1 and 2 respectively. The ionic liquid, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (EMIMPF6) was added to the light emitting layer and hence higher luminances were obtained than the pristine device. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.