Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Jin Wen, Qingchao Chang, Jishi Zhu, Rui Cui, Cheng He, Xinxing Yan, Xiaoke Li
Summary: In this study, stable ZrC/TiN nanofluids with high light absorption were prepared using a new irradiation mode to improve the photothermal conversion efficiency. Simulations and experiments showed that the ZrC/TiN nanofluids exhibited outstanding photothermal conversion capability, highlighting their potential application in direct absorption solar collectors.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Suneet Kumar Agnihotri, D. Prashant, D. P. Samajdar
Summary: This paper investigates the optical and electrical behavior of three different nanostructure geometries in InP solar cells and proposes a hybrid hexagonal pyramidal nanowire structure with better absorption and higher conversion efficiency. Simulation and electrical analysis show that the proposed structure outperforms the other two structures in terms of generation rate and power conversion efficiency.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Suneet Kumar Agnihotri, Dip Prakash Samajdar, D. Prashant
Summary: The study shows that optimizing the core-shell structure of InP nanowire solar cells can improve optical and electrical performance, reduce manufacturing costs, and achieve higher photovoltaic efficiency.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES
(2021)
Article
Optics
Farah A. Abed, Latef M. Ali
Summary: The absorption efficiency of GaAs/InAs core-shell nanowires on Si (111) for normal incident light was investigated in this study, with simulations demonstrating the impact of nanowire diameter on the structure's absorption efficiency. The highest Qabs for nanowire solar cells were achieved at a core diameter of 220 nm and a shell thickness of 35 nm using FDTD and Mie theory. Additionally, wavelength-dependent external quantum efficiencies for nanowires were explored, and numerical simulations of current density-voltage characteristics under illumination were conducted, along with calculations of the band structure of GaAs core-shell nanowires to obtain optimized geometric parameters.
JOURNAL OF LUMINESCENCE
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Ksenia Korzun, Gabriel W. Castellanos, Dick K. G. de Boer, Jaime Gomez Rivas, Jos E. M. Haverkort
Summary: Optimizing the spontaneous emission factor and guiding the photon emission through the nanowire can increase the efficiency of the solar cell. By launching the guided mode at the tapered nanowire and reducing the emission cone, the outcoupling efficiency of the emitted light can be improved.
ADVANCED OPTICAL MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Christopher Tiburski, Christoph Langhammer
Summary: Alloying is an important method to control the optical properties of metal nanoparticles, with numerous applications in optical metamaterials, nanosensors, and plasmon-enhanced catalysis. It allows for tuning of optical properties without shifting the localized surface plasmon resonance and simultaneously adjusting other properties. However, the impact of alloying on light absorption in metal nanoparticles has not been systematically explored. In this study, we screen the light absorption properties of binary late transition-metal alloys and find that most nanoparticles exhibit maximal absorption efficiency at around 80 nm diameter and alloy systems outperform their constituents with absorption enhancement factors up to 200%.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Zhisen Huang, Bo Wang
Summary: This paper proposes a high-efficiency silicon-based thin-film solar cell based on double-layer nano-pyramid arrays. The optical and electrical parameters of the cell are analyzed and compared with a planar solar cell. The results show that the double-layer nano-pyramid structure has excellent light absorption and photoelectric conversion efficiency, which is of great significance for improving the performance of silicon-based thin-film solar cells.
ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS
(2022)
Article
Optics
Sajad Haghanifar, Paul W. Leu
Summary: We conducted a detailed balance analysis on vertical GaAs nanowire arrays using rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA). Both freestanding and arrayed nanowires on a perfect back reflector were evaluated. Both types of vertical nanowire arrays demonstrated efficiencies surpassing the Shockley Queisser (SQ) or radiative efficiency limit when the nanowires were long enough. The implementation of a back reflector enhanced the efficiency of nanowire solar cells by increasing solar absorption and suppressing emission from the backside of the solar cell. We studied the advantages of light trapping and material reduction in nanowires. Furthermore, we compared the simulations evaluating detailed balance efficiency with ultimate efficiency and showed that ultimate efficiency studies can determine near-optimal solar cells while significantly reducing the number of simulations needed. Although open circuit voltages above the radiative limit can be achieved, tradeoffs with short circuit current must be carefully considered. We also compared our simulation results to claims in the literature that nanowires are capable of exceeding the SQ limit.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Shiwen Wu, Ting-Nan Wu, Guoping Xiong
Summary: The use of titanium nitride in a metastructure design for efficient light absorption in solar energy harvesting applications has been demonstrated in this study. Through systematic optimization of the metastructure's geometric parameters using FDTD simulations, high absorption rates across a broad spectral range have been achieved, showing great potential for solar energy harvesting applications.
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Bram van Leer, Hiroaki Nishikawa
Summary: This study presents a proof that Van Leer's MUSCL conservative scheme with a discretization parameter of κ = 1/3 is third-order accurate, using analysis and numerical results. The difference between finite-volume MUSCL scheme and finite-difference version is discussed, highlighting the misconception in CFD literature regarding the relationship between κ value and accuracy.
JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Meihong Huang, Kaihua Wei, Pinghui Wu, Danyang Xu, Yan Xu
Summary: This paper presents an ultra-broadband solar absorber based on a metal tungsten and semiconductor GaAs structure, which can achieve broadband absorption and has good characteristics for oblique incidence and high short-circuit current by exciting high efficiency surface plasmon resonance through adjusting geometric parameters.
FRONTIERS IN MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Applied
Hui Xia, Yaqian Liu, Hailu Wang, Tianxin Li, Zhongying Tong, Xiren Chen, Pingping Chen, Weida Hu, Wei Lu
Summary: A feasible route to balance the electric gain and the light absorption efficiency in semiconductor nanowire array has been discovered by injecting photocarriers in the opposite direction, which activates the photoconductive gain to the maximum degree. Experimental results show a high responsivity and bias-voltage control for different working modes.
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Abdul Sami, Arsalan Ansari, Muhammad Dawood Idrees, Muhammad Musharraf Alam, Junaid Imtiaz
Summary: The perovskite inorganic-organic solar cells utilize a sandwich structure consisting of mesostructured TiO2, CH3NH3PbI3, and Spiro-OMeTAD, with the crystallinity, structural morphology, and thickness of the TiO2 layer playing a crucial role in improving device performance. The randomly distributed one dimensional (1D) TiO2 nanowires (TNWs) provide better light trapping and active filling compared to bulk TiO2, leading to high open circuit voltage and conversion efficiency in solid-state photovoltaic devices. Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) analysis shows improved light trapping capabilities at the interface of TNWs/CH3NH3PbI3 compared to bulk TiO2.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yujuan He, Jie Liu, Shi-Joon Sung, Chih-hung Chang
Summary: Efforts to enhance solar conversion efficiency through improving spectral response, particularly in harvesting UV photons, have led to the development of thin films with downshifting and antireflection capabilities on multicrystalline Si solar cells. The design and simulation of composite thin films using a mathematical model resulted in over 30% UV photon collection and a 4.12% increase in solar conversion efficiency compared to uncoated glass.
MATERIALS & DESIGN
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yujuan He, Jie Liu, Shi-Joon Sung, Chih-hung Chang
Summary: Efforts to improve solar conversion efficiency have been ongoing for many years, with a recent focus on enhancing spectral response, particularly in harvesting UV photons. This study successfully fabricated thin films with downshifting and antireflection capabilities on the cover glass of multicrystalline Si solar cells, leading to over 30% UV photon absorption and a 4.12% increase in solar conversion efficiency at normal incidence.
MATERIALS & DESIGN
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Norhan A. A. Salama, Mohamed A. A. Swillam, Mohamed Farhat O. Hameed, Y. Badr, Shaimaa M. M. Alexeree, Salah S. A. Obayya
Summary: In this paper, a novel design of superlens based on photonic bandgap structure is reported, which achieves high resolution point spread function at a wavelength of 3 μm. The optimized structure provides high resolution in both lateral and axial directions. The proposed design has a tremendous potential in 3D biological imaging and biosensing applications.
OPTICAL AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS
(2023)
Review
Biology
Mohammad Y. Azab, Mohamed Farhat O. Hameed, Salah S. A. Obayya
Summary: Due to the increase in cancer incidence worldwide, new methods for early cancer detection are being developed. Optical detection techniques, such as optical biosensors and other traditional optical methods, have been proven to be sensitive, accurate, rapid, noninvasive, and immune to external fields. This review paper discusses the basic features and recent research works of each optical detection technique for cancer detection.
Article
Optics
Ahmed Refaat Elhelw, Mahmoud Salman S. Ibrahim, Ahmed Nabih Zaki Rashed, Abd El-Naser A. Mohamed, Mohamed Farhat O. Hameed, Salah S. A. Obayya
Summary: In this work, a highly sensitive biosensor based on photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is proposed and analyzed for monitoring bilirubin levels in the blood. The sensor parameters and geometrical parameters are calculated and studied to ensure the fabrication feasibility of the design. High sensitivities and favorable sensor characteristics are achieved for different polarization modes. It is believed that this sensor will be beneficial for health care and early detection of bilirubin levels in the blood.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Ahmed El-Sayed Abd-Elkader, B. M. Younis, Mohamed Farhat O. Hameed, Salah S. A. Obayya
Summary: An efficient mid-infrared optical modulator is introduced and analyzed for both TE and TM polarized modes. The design utilizes a silicon-on-calcium-fluoride platform with vanadium dioxide as the phase changing material. The modulator achieves high extinction ratios and low insertion losses, making it suitable for a wide range of MIR applications.
OPTICAL AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Ola Youssef M. Hiza, B. M. Younis, Nihal F. F. Areed, Mohamed Farhat O. Hameed, S. S. A. Obayya
Summary: An ultra-compact hybrid plasmonic grating based TE pass polarizer using the SOI platform is proposed and analyzed. The structure utilizes bi-metallic grating of noble metals (rhodium and silver) to achieve a better plasmonic response. Numerical results show that the TE-pass polarizer offers an extinction ratio of 36.6 dB and an insertion loss of about 0.8 dB at a wavelength of 1.55 μm, with robustness to fabrication errors.
OPTICAL AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Amr Hisham K. Mahmoud, Mohamed Farhat O. Hameed, Mohamed Hussein, S. S. A. Obayya
Summary: This paper introduces and numerically analyzes flower-shaped nanowires (FS-NWs) with improved light harvesting. The optical and electrical characteristics of the FS-NWs are studied using the finite-difference time-domain and finite-element methods. The FS-NWs show higher absorption than conventional cylindrical NWs (CC-NWs) due to multiple resonance peaks and higher cross-section scattering.
OPTICAL AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Seham Abdelsamee, Nihal F. F. Areed, Hamdi A. El-Mikati, S. S. A. Obayya
Summary: A highly efficient compact tunable optical notch filter is proposed and analyzed using the 2D Finite Element Method (FEM). The proposed structure consists of a slanted stub plasmonic resonator, Metal-Insulator-Metal (MIM) waveguide, and InGaAsP as a third-order non-linear optical material. By altering the pumping state of the InGaAsP, the filtered wavelengths may be easily controlled continuously over 200 nm a range. The suggested notch filter can remove four narrow bands of wavelengths, each around 50 nm wide, and a transmission of about - 17 dB. The proposed filter's key advantages are its high transmission coefficient and fabrication simplicity with compact size. For future integrated plasmonic devices such as outdoor visible light communications and optical imaging, the proposed filter can be manufactured using an oblique angle shadow evaporation technique.
OPTICAL AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS
(2023)
Article
Optics
Chengyi Duan, Xiaofei Zhang, Zheren Du, Jia Chen, Ramy El-Bashar, S. S. A. Obayya, Mohamed Hameed, Jun Dai
Summary: Inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have the potential to be widely used due to their low-temperature fabrication, negligible hysteresis, and compatibility with multi-junction cells. However, the performance of inverted PSCs is limited by the presence of excessive defects in low-temperature fabricated perovskite films. In this study, a simple and effective passivation strategy using Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) polymer was employed to modify the perovskite films, which successfully reduced the interface defects. As a result, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the inverted PSCs increased from 16.07% to 19.35%, and the PCE of unencapsulated PSCs remained 97% after 1000 hours of storage in a nitrogen atmosphere.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nayira M. Elgammal, B. M. Younis, Mahmoud A. Gaafar, M. M. Elkholy, Mohamed Farhat O. Hameed, S. S. A. Obayya
Summary: This paper reports a design for highly efficient crosstalk reduction in the mid-infrared (MIR) regime, which is achieved by utilizing Ge/Si strip arrays instead of traditional Si devices. The proposed structure shows improved crosstalk reduction and longer coupling length compared to strips-free Si waveguides, providing benefits for high packing density nanophotonic devices in the MIR regime.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Maria Caterina Giordano, Francesco Buatier de Mongeot, Debasree Chowdhury, Shaimaa A. Mohamed, Giacomo Manzato, Beatrice Siri, Roberto Chittofrati, Mohamed Hussein, Mohamed F. O. Hameed, Salah S. A. Obayya, Philipp Stadler, Markus C. Scharber, Giuseppe Della Valle
Summary: Thin-film organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices are being considered as a promising alternative to silicon solar cells due to their lightweight, flexibility, and low cost. However, the low optical absorption of OPV active layers is still a challenge. In this study, we demonstrate that nanostructured interfaces at the subwavelength scale, created through laser interference lithography and reactive ion etching, can significantly enhance the optical absorption in thin-film OPV devices. This large-scale light-harvesting strategy resulted in a 19% increase in optical absorption and a 14% increase in short-circuit current compared to flat devices, highlighting its potential in thin-film technologies.
ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
A. Samy Saadeldin, Amr M. Sayed, Adnan M. Amr, Menna O. Sayed, Mohamed Farhat O. Hameed, S. S. A. Obayya
Summary: In this paper, a wideband and ultrathin metamaterial absorber for Ku-band applications is proposed, analyzed, and fabricated. The absorber achieves nearly perfect absorption above 90% in the entire Ku band at normal incidence for both transverse electric and transverse magnetic polarization. It shows a good absorption response under oblique incidence as well. Therefore, the proposed absorber has great potential for Ku-band applications.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN ELECTRONICS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
B. M. Younis, Nada Yazeed M. Dawood, Saleh Mahmoud, Bilal El-Sayed, El-Sayed Usama, Mohamed H. Almoqadem, Mohamed Farhat O. Hameed, S. S. A. Obayya
Summary: This paper presents a mid-infrared optical modulator based on a phase-changing material (GST) and a D-shaped photonic crystal fiber (PCF). The modulation process relies on the phase transition of the GST material between amorphous and crystalline states. Numerical analysis using the finite element method (FEM) and finite difference time domain (FDTD) method is carried out to study the optical losses and performance of the proposed modulator. The modulator exhibits a high extinction ratio (ER) of 302.61 dB and a low insertion loss (IL) of less than 0.00014 dB, making it suitable for applications in photonic integrated circuits requiring high ER, low IL, and large optical bandwidth.
OPTICAL AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Afaf Salah Wahba, Ghada Yassin Abdel-Latif, Shamia El-Sherbiny, Nihal F. F. Areed, Mohamed Farhat O. Hameed, S. S. A. Obayya
Summary: This article proposes and analyzes a novel design of tin perovskite solar cell with moth-eye nanostructures for improved light absorption and energy harvesting. By studying the geometrical parameters and position of the nanostructures, it is found that the suggested design shows significantly enhanced light trapping compared to conventional planar structures. This efficient replacement to lead-perovskite offers excellent photovoltaic properties, low fabrication cost, suitable band gap, eco-friendliness, and great performance in converting sunlight to electrical energy.
OPTICAL AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Mahmoud Salman S. Ibrahim, Mohamed Saleh M. Esmail, Mohamed Tarek, A. A. Soliman, Mohamed Farhat O. Hameed, S. S. A. Obayya
Summary: In this study, THz photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is utilized to detect the creatinine level in blood with high sensitivity. The sensing technique relies on enhancing the interaction of light with the analyte in the fiber core region. The proposed THz-PCF biosensor demonstrates promising potential in measuring creatinine level in blood.
OPTICAL AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS
(2023)
Article
Philosophy
Ghaleb Yassin Farhan Matalak, Mohammed Abdulkreem Salim, Mohamed Hameed, Wissam Mohammed Hassan Algaragolle, Saad Ghazi Talib, Yusra Mohammed Ali, Emad Mohamed Saleh, Nashwan Mohammed Suleiman, Sabri Kareem Sabri
Summary: The study reveals a lack of adherence to the freedom of religious thought, belief, and practice as granted by the Iraqi constitution. This could be attributed to a lack of appropriate legislation following the framing of constitutional provisions. The study employed an analytical and descriptive research design, collecting data from primary and secondary sources through document research and evaluation of historical sources. Contradictions between the constitutional provisions and the State Laws were found, along with a silence in the Iraqi civil and penal codes regarding legal remedies for violations of the constitutional provisions.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL FOR PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION
(2023)
