Review
Ecology
William J. Sutherland, Philip W. Atkinson, Steven Broad, Sam Brown, Mick Clout, Maria P. Dias, Lynn V. Dicks, Helen Doran, Erica Fleishman, Elizabeth L. Garratt, Kevin J. Gaston, Alice C. Hughes, Xavier Le Roux, Fiona A. Lickorish, Luke Maggs, James E. Palardy, Lloyd S. Peck, Nathalie Pettorelli, Jules Pretty, Mark D. Spalding, Femke H. Tonneijck, Matt Walpole, James E. M. Watson, Jonathan Wentworth, Ann Thornton
Summary: This is the 12th annual horizon scan conducted to identify issues likely to impact biological conservation in the future. A global panel of 25 scientists and practitioners identified the top 15 issues from a list of 97 topics, which society may urgently need to address. These issues are either novel in the biological conservation sector or represent a substantial positive or negative step-change in impact at global or regional level.
TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION
(2021)
Article
Ecology
Thi Tuyet Trang Chau, Marion Gehlen, Frederic Chevallier
Summary: This study estimated global air-sea CO2 fluxes using an ensemble-based reconstruction method. The results showed that coastal areas and regions with sparse observations have larger uncertainties, while the open Southern Ocean, subpolar regions, Indian Ocean gyre, and upwelling systems have the highest uncertainties. The Subtropical Pacific and Subpolar Atlantic were identified as the strongest CO2 sinks in the open ocean and coastal regions, respectively.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yuming Jin, Britton B. Stephens, Ralph F. Keeling, Eric J. Morgan, Christian Roednbeck, Prabir K. Patra, Matthew C. Long
Summary: In this study, seasonal changes in atmospheric potential oxygen (APO) were analyzed to understand air-sea oxygen fluxes. The researchers observed larger seasonal amplitude of APO in the Southern Hemisphere compared to the Northern Hemisphere. Through a box model, they estimated air-sea flux cycles at the hemispheric scale. These findings contribute to understanding the mechanisms of air-sea oxygen fluxes and global climate change.
GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Zhen Zhou, Guang-Chao Zhuang, Shi-Hai Mao, Jiarui Liu, Xiao-Jun Li, Qiao Liu, Guo-Dong Song, Hong-Hai Zhang, Zhaohui Chen, Andrew Montgomery, Samantha Joye, Gui-Peng Yang
Summary: Methanol metabolism plays a crucial role in marine carbon cycling. Through simultaneous measurements of methanol concentration and consumption rates in the northwest Pacific Ocean, we have gained insights into the pathways and dynamics of methanol cycling. Methanol was found in relatively low concentrations, indicating rapid biological turnover. The rates of methanol oxidation to CO2 were significantly higher than the rates of assimilation into biomass, suggesting that methanol is primarily used as an energy source. Surface water served as a sink for methanol, with atmospheric deposition accounting for a small fraction of microbial methanol consumption.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Cara C. M. Manning, Zhiyin Zheng, Lindsay Fenwick, Ross D. McCulloch, Ellen Damm, Robert W. Izett, William J. Williams, Sarah Zimmermann, Svein Vagle, Philippe D. Tortell
Summary: The North American Arctic Ocean has a negligible impact on global methane and nitrous oxide budgets, with sediments and water column consumption being significant sources of methane in the region. Rivers do not play a significant role in methane and nitrous oxide concentrations in the Arctic Ocean.
GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Hugo Lepage, Alexandra Gruat, Fabien Thollet, Jerome Le Coz, Marina Coquery, Matthieu Masson, Aymeric Dabrin, Olivier Radakovitch, Jerome Labille, Jean-Paul Ambrosi, Doriane Delanghe, Patrick Raimbault
Summary: The Rhone River, one of the main rivers in western Europe, is characterized by distinct hydrological regimes and is facing an increase in extreme events due to the current climate crisis. To study the concentrations and fluxes of suspended particulate matter (SPM) and associated contaminants, a monitoring network called the Rhone Sediment Observatory (OSR) has been established. The main purpose of the OSR is to assess the long-term trend of contaminant concentrations and fluxes and understand their behavior during extreme events.
EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Kevin J. Sanchez, Gregory C. Roberts, Georges Saliba, Lynn M. Russell, Cynthia Twohy, Michael J. Reeves, Ruhi S. Humphries, Melita D. Keywood, Jason P. Ward, Ian M. McRobert
Summary: The concentration of condensation nuclei and cloud condensation nuclei in the marine boundary layer of the Southern Ocean is affected by long-range transport of biogenic emissions from the Antarctic coast, precipitation scavenging, and cloud processing. Different combinations of high and low concentrations of CCN and CN create distinct regimes, with evidence of the impact of these processes on the observed variability.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Balamurugan Sadaiappan, Preethiya Balakrishnan, C. R. Vishal, Neethu T. Vijayan, Mahendran Subramanian, Mangesh U. Gauns
Summary: Machine learning is a computer algorithm that predicts meaningful output or categorizes complex systems based on large amounts of data. In the field of chemical and biological oceanography, it is applied for predicting nitrogen levels, carbon dioxide pressure, detecting planktonic forms, classifying mammals based on acoustics, and predicting hypoxic conditions and harmful algal bloom events. It also helps in constructing databases for various species and better understanding the ocean's chemistry and biology.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Songyun Fan, Yuan Gao, Robert M. Sherrell, Shun Yu, Kaixuan Bu
Summary: The study revealed that trace elements in the air over the western Antarctic Peninsula primarily come from regional crustal emissions, long-range transport, and sea salt. Dry deposition fluxes of mineral dust during the austral summer ranged from 0.65 to 28 mg m(-2) yr(-1), while the fluxes of trace elements were lower, indicating a minor role of dry deposition processes in determining trace element concentrations in surface seawater over the continental shelf of the western Antarctic Peninsula.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Cathrine Brecke Gundersen, Evgeniy Yakushev, Petr Terentjev, Nikolai Kashulin, Vladimir Korobov, Natalia Frolova, Alexander Romanov, Una Jermilova, Alexey Lokhov, Igor Miskevich, Ekaterina Kotova, Eirik Hovland Steindal, Hans Fredrik Veiteberg Braaten
Summary: Arctic rivers are a significant source of mercury (Hg) to the Arctic Ocean, but there is limited knowledge about the terrestrial release sources and Hg levels in these rivers. This study provides an overview of potential Hg release sources in the Barents region, known for its high industrial development. The results highlight occasional exceedance of pollution control limits in freshwater bodies near these sources, posing a concern for local populations and wildlife. New data on Hg levels in Barents rivers show strong seasonal variations and contribute to international efforts in reducing Hg pollution.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2023)
Article
Limnology
Catarina Guerreiro, Karl-Heinz Baumann, Geert-Jan A. Brummer, Andre Valente, Gerhard Fischer, Patrizia Ziveri, Vanda Brotas, Jan-Berend W. Stuut
Summary: Coccolithophores play a significant role in the biological carbon pump. Different species of coccolithophores at different sites show variations in coccolith-carbonate flux, influenced by environmental factors such as nutrient availability and temperature. The study suggests that changes in productivity in response to ocean warming may affect the efficiency of the biological carbon pump.
LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY
(2021)
Article
Marine & Freshwater Biology
P. Ragavan, Sanjeev Kumar
Summary: Recent studies suggest that terrestrial organic carbon is transported laterally from continental margin to open ocean, supporting the heterotrophic production in the ocean. The actual sink mechanism of terrestrial organic carbon in the ocean remains unresolved, with priming effect speculated as a possible mechanism. Nutrient scavenging could be the dominant mechanism of priming effect in oxygen minimum zones according to current studies.
Article
Oceanography
L. Umlauf, K. Klingbeil, H. Radtke, R. Schwefel, J. Bruggeman, P. Holtermann
Summary: This article introduces a fully coupled benthic-pelagic modeling system that takes into account the effects of sediment biogeochemistry and near-bottom turbulence on sediment-water fluxes. The study shows that near-bottom turbulence plays a crucial role in controlling sediment-water fluxes, oxygen penetration depth, and re-oxidation of reduced compounds in benthic layers.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Emily H. Stanley, Luke C. Loken, Nora J. Casson, Samantha K. Oliver, Ryan A. Sponseller, Marcus B. Wallin, Liwei Zhang, Gerard Rocher-Ros
Summary: Despite their small size, fluvial ecosystems play a significant role in carbon processing and methane emissions. However, progress in understanding and estimating methane concentrations and fluxes in streams and rivers has been slow due to variability and limited data availability. In order to address these challenges, the Global River Methane Database (GriMeDB) provides a comprehensive resource of methane concentrations and fluxes, along with physical and chemical data, to examine environmental drivers and estimate fluvial contributions to methane emissions.
EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA
(2023)
Article
Marine & Freshwater Biology
Kuo-Tung Jiann, Kuan-Chen Wang, Liang-Saw Wen
Summary: The Taiwan Strait serves as a crucial corridor for water and chemical transport between the South China Sea and the East China Sea, while also receiving terrestrial material from land masses on both sides. Trace metal concentrations were found to be elevated off the mainland China coast and the northwest coast of Taiwan, reaching into the Taiwan Strait. Seasonal variability and current patterns in the Strait influenced trace metal fluxes at different times and through different transects.
ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Bo Yang, Steven R. Emerson, Seth M. Bushinsky
GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES
(2017)
Article
Oceanography
Seth M. Bushinsky, Steven R. Emerson
DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS
(2018)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Alison R. Gray, Kenneth S. Johnson, Seth M. Bushinsky, Stephen C. Riser, Joellen L. Russell, Lynne D. Talley, Rik Wanninkhof, Nancy L. Williams, Jorge L. Sarmiento
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2018)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Lionel A. Arteaga, Markus Pahlow, Seth M. Bushinsky, Jorge L. Sarmiento
GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES
(2019)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Seth M. Bushinsky, Peter Landschuetzer, Christian Roedenbeck, Alison R. Gray, David Baker, Matthew R. Mazloff, Laure Resplandy, Kenneth S. Johnson, Jorge L. Sarmiento
GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES
(2019)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
S. Stammerjohn, T. Scambos
BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Judith Hauck, Cara Nissen, Peter Landschuetzer, Christian Roedenbeck, Seth Bushinsky, Are Olsen
Summary: Estimates of ocean CO2 uptake from global ocean biogeochemistry models and pCO(2)-based data products show significant differences, particularly in high latitudes and in the trend of CO2 uptake since 2000. This study investigates the impact of data sparsity on two pCO(2)-based estimates by subsampling a global ocean biogeochemistry model. Insufficient sampling has led to biases in the trend of the ocean carbon sink in the pCO(2) products. However, these biases can be reduced by improving the sampling scheme.
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yibin Huang, Andrea J. Fassbender, Seth M. Bushinsky
Summary: Through biological activity, marine dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) is transformed into different biogenic carbon types, including particulate organic carbon (POC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and particulate inorganic carbon (PIC), which have different export efficiencies and impact air-sea CO2 exchange. In the Southern Ocean, the production of each biogenic carbon pool contributes to the contemporary air-sea CO2 exchange differently. Our study provides a basin-scale estimate of distinct biogenic carbon pool production in the Southern Ocean and highlights the importance of DOC and PIC production in addition to POC production in shaping the influence of carbon export on air-sea CO2 exchange.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Seth M. Bushinsky, Ivana Cerovecki
Summary: Subantarctic mode water (SAMW) is a crucial water mass for transporting nutrients, oxygen, and anthropogenic carbon into the deep ocean. This study characterizes the properties of SAMW during its wintertime formation, utilizing biogeochemical profiling floats. Results show that SAMW properties differ between the Pacific and Indian sectors of the Southern Ocean, with Pacific-formed SAMW being colder, fresher, and higher in oxygen, nitrate, and dissolved inorganic carbon compared to its Indian Ocean counterpart. The study also reveals the interannual variability of SAMW properties, which is linked to the Southern Annual Mode and the El-Nino Southern Oscillation.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
S. Mcclish, S. M. Bushinsky
Summary: The Southern Ocean seasonal sea ice zone in spring is characterized by sea ice retreat and the development of phytoplankton blooms. Studies using biogeochemical profiling floats have found that higher net community production (bNCP) occurs when sea ice breakup happens early in the year, especially near topographic features that may increase micronutrient supply. This suggests that changes in Southern Ocean sea ice will influence future bNCP.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Keith B. Rodgers, Jorg Schwinger, Andrea J. Fassbender, Peter Landschutzer, Ryohei Yamaguchi, Hartmut Frenzel, Karl Stein, Jens Daniel Mueller, Nadine Goris, Sahil Sharma, Seth Bushinsky, Thi-Tuyet-Trang Chau, Marion Gehlen, M. Angeles Gallego, Lucas Gloege, Luke Gregor, Nicolas Gruber, Judith Hauck, Yosuke Iida, Masao Ishii, Lydia Keppler, Ji-Eun Kim, Sarah Schlunegger, Jerry Tjiputra, Katsuya Toyama, Pradeebane Vaittinada Ayar, Anton Velo
Summary: The study reveals discrepancies in the estimation of the seasonal cycle of surface ocean pCO(2) flux between models and observations. Over the past three decades, the amplitude of the pCO(2) seasonal cycle has increased globally, with different drivers in different regions. Human-induced CO2 absorption is the dominant driver in subtropical and Southern Ocean biomes, while Cant invasion and climate change play a combined role in other biomes. The study highlights the importance of sustained high-quality measurements for accurately capturing the seasonal variability of pCO(2) over certain regions.
GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES
(2023)
Article
Oceanography
Jade Sauve, Alison R. Gray, Channing J. Prend, Seth M. Bushinsky, Stephen C. Riser
Summary: Despite its global importance, our understanding of carbon fluxes in the high-latitude Southern Ocean is limited due to lack of observations. This study uses float data and atmospheric reanalysis to construct a monthly climatology of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in the Southern Ocean. The study reveals the processes driving DIC fluxes in different zones of the Southern Ocean and highlights the role of wind-driven transport in carbon outgassing.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Judith Hauck, Luke Gregor, Cara Nissen, Lavinia Patara, Mark Hague, Precious Mongwe, Seth Bushinsky, Scott C. Doney, Nicolas Gruber, Corinne Le Quere, Manfredi Manizza, Matthew Mazloff, Pedro M. S. Monteiro, Jens Terhaar
Summary: Based on data from the RECCAP2 project, we assessed the CO2 uptake in the Southern Ocean and found that it is only half of what was previously estimated. Furthermore, there is a knowledge gap in understanding the increase in CO2 sink since 2000. It is important to improve our observation and understanding of the drivers of the carbon cycle in order to accurately assess the Southern Ocean's role in CO2 absorption.
GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Rick Lumpkin
BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
(2020)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Seth M. Bushinsky, Yuichiro Takeshita, Nancy L. Williams
CURRENT CLIMATE CHANGE REPORTS
(2019)
