Article
Environmental Sciences
Joshuah Wolper, Ming Gao, Martin P. Luthi, Valentin Heller, Andreas Vieli, Chenfanfu Jiang, Johan Gaume
Summary: The study reproduces dynamic glacier fracture and iceberg-induced tsunamis using a numerical model, validated with observations at Eqip Sermia glacier in Greenland. By modeling glacier fracture and tsunami wave propagation, it helps improve modeling of solid-fluid interactions in large-scale earth-system models and enhances hazard assessments and mitigation measures in coastal regions.
COMMUNICATIONS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Environmental Studies
Corine Wood-Donnelly
Summary: Icebergs, an enigmatic symbol of the Arctic region, have been historically exploited commercially but have received little attention in contemporary legal debates. In an era of growing scarcity of freshwater, iceberg harvesting currently lacks regulation and legal status under international law. This paper discusses the potential principles of international law that could determine rights derived from sovereignty over this resource and suggests a regulatory pathway through the Arctic Council, although the resource may eventually disappear from both the legal and physical landscape.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Kristin M. Schild, David A. Sutherland, Pedro Elosegui, Daniel Duncan
Summary: The study presents a novel in situ method using high-precision GPS units to capture iceberg melt rates at a high temporal and spatial resolution. The calculated melt rates are lower than previous studies, likely due to using individual subsurface iceberg geometries in calculations. By combining these new measurements with remote sensing data, a better prediction of the impact of increasing freshwater input from the Greenland Ice Sheet can be made.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Valentin Heller, Tommaso Attili, Fan Chen, Roman Gabl, Guido Wolters
Summary: Mass balance analysis of ice sheets is crucial to understanding the impacts of global warming, particularly in the context of iceberg calving which can lead to significant iceberg-tsunamis. Experimental studies on different calving mechanisms revealed that gravity-dominated mechanisms produce much larger tsunamis. Empirical equations were developed to predict maximum wave height, amplitude, and period for different calving mechanisms, with key dimensionless parameters identified for hazard assessment and mitigation.
COASTAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alex Huth, Alistair Adcroft, Olga Sergienko, Nuzhat Khan
Summary: The research shows that the breakup of giant iceberg A68a may have been triggered by ocean-current shear, a new breakup mechanism. Current climate models do not adequately represent giant icebergs, and the introduction of new methods will help improve the accuracy of global climate simulations.
Review
Astronomy & Astrophysics
R. B. Alley, K. M. Cuffey, J. N. Bassis, K. E. Alley, S. Wang, B. R. Parizek, S. Anandakrishnan, K. Christianson, R. M. DeConto
Summary: Uncertainty about sea-level rise is mainly caused by uncertainty about iceberg calving and mass loss from fracturing. There are five persistent and predictable regimes of calving that are controlled primarily by ice flow, and small perturbations do not have significant effects. However, large perturbations may lead to rapid transitions between regimes or between calving and non-calving behavior. These regime transitions are the major uncertainties in sea-level rise projections but have not been observed instrumentally. Process-based models and assimilation of paleoclimatic data could help reduce uncertainties about regime transitions. Neglecting accurate calving in predictive models could result in significant underestimation of warming-induced sea-level rise.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCES
(2023)
Editorial Material
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Sylvia Lorek
Summary: Sylvia Lorek argues that addressing sufficiency in a broader sense can address more than just the issue of increasing plastic waste.
NATURE SUSTAINABILITY
(2023)
Review
Polymer Science
Diana Rede, Cristina Delerue-Matos, Virginia Cruz Fernandes
Summary: Plastic, a crucial material in modern society, has caused significant ecological stress due to high production rates and inadequate waste management. Microplastics (MPs) have emerged as a major environmental problem globally, affecting both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. This review emphasizes the need for interdisciplinary collaboration to address the issue of MP pollution and highlights gaps in the existing literature for future research.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Mingxi Zhou, Ralf Bachmayer, Brad DeYoung
Summary: The calving, drifting, and melting of icebergs have impacts on local ecosystems, ocean circulation, and global sea levels. Models have been developed to predict climate change and protect offshore operations.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
S. Leitao, E. Manning, R. A. Greene, P. Corcoran
Summary: The study reveals that hemorrhage and hypertension are the main causes of maternal morbidity in Ireland, with low case fatality rates. Effective management of these conditions is observed, but prevention efforts need to be emphasized.
BJOG-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Alexandre Normandeau, Kevin MacKillop, Meaghan Macquarrie, Clark Richards, Daniel Bourgault, D. Calvin Campbell, Vittorio Maselli, Genevieve Philibert, John Hughes Clarke
Summary: This article discusses how iceberg gouging of continental slopes can lead to submarine landslides, even far from the iceberg source region. By analyzing an event in a Baffin Island fjord, it is shown that icebergs can affect the seafloor at depths greater than their keel depth, triggering submarine landslides. The findings suggest that icebergs from the Arctic, Greenland, and Antarctica can pose hazards thousands of kilometers away and impact continental slopes by initiating submarine landslides, particularly with increased iceberg discharge due to climate change.
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Songnian Zhang, Suprio Ray, Rongxing Lu, Yunguo Guan, Yandong Zheng, Jun Shao
Summary: This article presents a secure iceberg query scheme called SecBerg, which supports efficient and secure aggregate queries in cloud databases, addressing the existing issues in current schemes.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SERVICES COMPUTING
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
A. Huth, A. Adcroft, O. Sergienko
Summary: This study develops a physically based parameterization method for iceberg breakup and verifies it using simulation models. The results show that iceberg breakup plays a significant role in the distribution of iceberg meltwater, which was previously not taken into account.
JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Eric W. Hester, Craig D. McConnochie, Claudia Cenedese, Louis-Alexandre Couston, Geoffrey Vasil
Summary: This study reveals the importance of iceberg shape on the melting process through experiments and numerical simulations, finding that different iceberg aspect ratios and relative ambient water velocities can affect the melting situation, especially with the largest melting occurring at high relative ambient velocities.
PHYSICAL REVIEW FLUIDS
(2021)
Editorial Material
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
T. Jared Bunch, Benjamin A. Steinberg
Summary: This editorial discusses the impact of silent brain infarcts on cognitive function in patients with atrial fibrillation, as studied by Kuhne et al.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL
(2022)
Letter
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Marine De Carlo, Patrick Hupe, Alexis Le Pichon, Lars Ceranna, Fabrice Ardhuin
Summary: Microbarom signals are generated by wind waves at the ocean surface and propagate globally through the stratosphere and ionosphere. Monitoring these signals can help to understand source activity and the properties of the middle atmosphere. A new source model, combined with wind-dependent attenuation and coastal reflection in an ocean wave model, improves the prediction rate of observations validated against a global reference database over 7 years.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Oceanography
Charles Peureux, Fabrice Ardhuin, Pedro Veras Guimaraes
Summary: The research found that the wave action equation predicts that groups of short waves propagating over long monochromatic waves are unstable, which may lead to an increased probability of breaking. Through theoretical and numerical analysis, a new instability that causes short wave action to concentrate around the long wave crests was discovered.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2021)
Article
Oceanography
Gwendal Marechal, Fabrice Ardhuin
Summary: Advances in understanding surface currents have shown the importance of internal waves, mesoscale, and submesoscale features on wind waves, but the quantitative impact of currents on waves remains unclear. Comparing satellite altimetry data and numerical wave models, it is found that high-resolution current fields (around 30 km or less) and directional resolution of 7.5 degrees can accurately represent significant wave height gradients in the Agulhas current.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2021)
Article
Oceanography
Clement Ubelmann, Gerald Dibarboure, Lucile Gaultier, Aurelien Ponte, Fabrice Ardhuin, Maxime Ballarotta, Yannice Faugere
Summary: Two methods for ocean surface currents mapping from satellite measurements are presented, with the second method significantly improving estimates of ageostrophic circulation, especially near-inertial oscillations.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Ocean
Guillaume Dodet, Saleh Abdalla, Matias Alday, Mickael Accensi, Jean Bidlot, Fabrice Ardhuin
Summary: Ocean wave measurements are crucial for various applications. Different data sources can be considered depending on scales and regions of interest. This study uses the triple collocation technique to estimate the random error variance of significant wave heights, providing new insights on error variability.
JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oceanography
Pedro Veras Guimaraes, Fabrice Ardhuin, Yves Perignon, Alvise Benetazzo, Marie-Noelle Bouin, Valerie Garnier, Jean-Luc Redelsperger, Mickael Accensi, Jim Thomson
Summary: This study reveals that surface currents in the ocean can strongly modulate surface winds, which subsequently impact the growth of local waves.
Article
Oceanography
Fabrice Collard, Louis Marie, Frederic Nouguier, Marcel Kleinherenbrink, Frithjof Ehlers, Fabrice Ardhuin
Summary: Wind-generated waves strongly interact with sea ice, impacting air-sea exchanges, operations at sea, and marine life. The dissipation of wave energy and its effect on upper ocean mixing and ice drift are not well understood. Limited in situ observations in the Arctic hinder scientific understanding. Radar and optical remote sensing can be used systematically to investigate wave-ice interactions.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2022)
Article
Fisheries
M. F. Cronin, S. Swart, C. A. Marandino, C. Anderson, P. Browne, S. Chen, W. R. Joubert, U. Schuster, R. Venkatesan, C. Addey, O. Alves, F. Ardhuin, S. Battle, M. A. Bourassa, Z. Chen, M. Chory, C. Clayson, R. B. de Souza, M. du Plessis, M. Edmondson, J. B. Edson, S. T. Gille, J. Hermes, V Hormann, S. A. Josey, M. Kurz, T. Lee, F. Maicu, E. H. Moustahfid, S-A Nicholson, E. S. Nyadjro, J. Palter, R. G. Patterson, S. G. Penny, L. P. Pezzi, N. Pinardi, J. E. J. Reeves Eyre, N. Rome, A. C. Subramanian, C. Stienbarger, T. Steinhoff, A. J. Sutton, H. Tomita, S. M. Wills, C. Wilson, L. Yu
Summary: The Observing Air-Sea Interactions Strategy (OASIS) is a program that aims to improve Earth system forecasts, CO2 uptake assessments, and provide ocean information for decision makers. It focuses on creating a global network of mobile air-sea observing platforms, a satellite network optimized for measuring air-sea fluxes, and improving the representation of air-sea coupling in Earth system models. The program consists of various activities such as network design, model improvement, partnership building, and best practices experiments.
ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Antoine Hochet, Guillaume Dodet, Florian Sevellec, Marie-Noelle Bouin, Anindita Patra, Fabrice Ardhuin
Summary: Satellite observations over the past 30 years indicate that changes in wave height are primarily driven by internal variability and not yet significantly affected by anthropogenic climate change. The dominant influence of climate change on wave height trends is expected to emerge after 2050.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Stein Sandven, Gunnar Spreen, Georg Heygster, Fanny Girard-Ardhuin, Sinead L. Farrell, Wolfgang Dierking, Richard A. Allard
Summary: Sea ice monitoring by polar orbiting satellites is a well-established application of space observations. This article provides an overview of data product development, including retrieval methods, new products, and operational data sets. Passive microwave data is the primary climate data set for sea ice decline in the Arctic, while scatterometer data supplements passive microwave data for ice displacement and distinction between first-year and multiyear ice. Radar and laser altimeter data estimate sea ice thickness and contribute to ice forecasts. Synthetic Aperture Radar is important for regional ice observation and sea ice research. The article also discusses the use of sea ice data in modeling and forecasting services, as well as plans for future satellites and sensors.
SURVEYS IN GEOPHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Oceanography
Matias Alday, Fabrice Ardhuin
Summary: Numerical wave models can reproduce wave evolution in all directions and wavelengths, though the understanding and representation of physical processes affecting wave energy distribution is limited. Models are typically adjusted to reproduce dominant wave characteristics, such as significant wave height, mean direction, and dominant wavelengths. Recent updates in wave dissipation parameterizations have shown realistic energy levels and directional distribution for shorter waves. This new formulation of wave energy sink can reproduce the variability of measured infrasound power and is sensitive to factors such as non-linear energy transfer and the influence of dominant and relatively long waves on the dissipation of shorter waves in other directions.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2023)
Article
Oceanography
Marine De Carlo, Fabrice Ardhuin, Annabelle Ollivier, Adrien Nigou
Summary: Recent satellite altimeter retracking and filtering methods have reduced noise in estimates of wave height, allowing for the study of processes with smaller scales. The contribution of wave groups to the uncertainty in wave height measurements is quantified using directional wave spectra measured by the China-France Ocean Satellite (CFOSAT). This study demonstrates that wave group effects account for a significant portion of the variance in wave height measurements, with the largest impact observed during storms and in the presence of long swells.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2023)
Article
Geography, Physical
Yufang Ye, Yanbing Luo, Yan Sun, Mohammed Shokr, Signe Aaboe, Fanny Girard-Ardhuin, Fengming Hui, Xiao Cheng, Zhuoqi Chen
Summary: Arctic sea ice type (SITY) variation is an important indicator of climate change, but there is a lack of systematic comparison and analysis of SITY products. This study analyzed multiple SITY products from different retrieval approaches and compared them with sea ice age product and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. The results showed variations in the extent of Arctic multiyear ice (MYI) among the SITY products, with some products performing better than others in different time periods. Factors such as the type of scatterometer used, the combination of scatterometer and radiometer data, the quality of training data, and post-processing corrections can impact the performance of SITY products.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Matias Alday, Fabrice Ardhuin, Guillaume Dodet, Mickael Accensi
Summary: Coastal environments present challenges for numerical wave models, with factors such as complex coastline and topography, short fetches, the combination of remote swells and local wind seas, less accurate wind fields, strong currents, and bottom friction contributing to larger model errors. These factors vary locally, making it difficult to adapt models from one area to another.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Anastasiia Tarasenko, Alexandre Supply, Nikita Kusse-Tiuz, Vladimir Ivanov, Mikhail Makhotin, Jean Tournadre, Bertrand Chapron, Jacqueline Boutin, Nicolas Kolodziejczyk, Gilles Reverdin
Summary: The variability of surface water masses of the Laptev and the East Siberian seas in August-September 2018 was studied using in situ and satellite data. The DMI and SMOS products were found to be adequate to describe large surface gradients in this region, and the SST-SSS diagram based on satellite estimates showed the transformation of water masses and freshwater displacement.
Review
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Wei Zhang, Yu Sun, Yapeng Wu, Junyu Dong, Xiaojiang Song, Zhiyi Gao, Renbo Pang, Boyu Guoan
Summary: This study employed a spatiotemporal deep-learning method to correct biases in numerical ocean wave forecasts. By using a correction model driven by both wave and wind fields and a novel pixel-switch loss function, the corrected results performed well in different seasons and improved the accuracy of the original forecasts.
