Article
Urology & Nephrology
Stephen J. Freedland, Lauren E. Howard, Alexis Ngo, Adela Ramirez-Torres, Ilona Csizmadi, Susan Cheng, Alexandra Mack, Pao-Hwa Lin
Summary: The study demonstrated that LCD significantly reduced the risk of MetS and remnant cholesterol, as well as lowering the estimated CVD risk using BMI. However, there was no impact on estimated CVD risk using lipids. Study limitations included small sample size, short follow-up, and inability to distinguish effects of carbohydrate restriction and weight loss.
JOURNAL OF UROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Lifu Lei, Juan Huang, Longlong Zhang, Yuqin Hong, Suocheng Hui, Jian Yang
Summary: This study conducted a meta-analysis comparing the long-term effects of a low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) and a low-fat diet (LFD) on metabolic risk factors and weight loss in overweight and obese adults. The results showed that LCD had greater improvements in triglycerides, diastolic blood pressure, weight loss, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol compared to LFD within 6-23 months. However, LFD was more conducive to reducing total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol within the same time frame. There were no significant differences between the two diets after 24 months.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Roxana Adriana Stoica, Camelia Cristina Diaconu, Manfredi Rizzo, Peter P. Toth, Simona Diana Stefan, Cristian Serafinceanu, Dragana Nikolic, Catalina Poiana, Constantin Ionescu-Tirgoviste, Anca Pantea-Stoian
Summary: Cardiovascular risk (CVR) encompasses traditional factors like hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obesity, as well as emerging factors such as hypothyroidism and inflammatory diseases. Adolescence is a critical period where dietary patterns can significantly impact CVR. Nutritional interventions focusing on controlling carbohydrate intake, increasing fruit and vegetable consumption, and promoting physical activity can help reduce CVR in adolescents.
EXPERIMENTAL AND THERAPEUTIC MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Xiaoxia Li, Qingan Wang, Linfeng Guo, Yixuan Xue, Yuanyuan Dang, Wanlu Liu, Ting Yin, Yuhong Zhang, Yi Zhao
Summary: This study aimed to examine the associations between the low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) score, low-fat diet (LFD) score and risk of frailty in older Chinese adults. The results showed that compared to the lowest quartile of LCD score, the highest quartile had a 27% lower risk of frailty. No significant associations were observed between LFD score and risk of frailty.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Wei Luo, Jin Zhang, Dan Xu, Yao Zhou, Zhen Qu, Qin Yang, Qiujv Lv
Summary: This meta-analysis found that low-carbohydrate ketogenic diets have positive effects on cardiovascular risk factors in overweight or obese patients, especially those with T2DM. Low-carbohydrate ketogenic diets can lower blood glucose, weight, and lipid levels, improving overall cardiovascular health.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Maryam S. Farvid, Nicholas D. Spence, Bernard A. Rosner, Junaidah B. Barnett, Michelle D. Holmes
Summary: This study evaluated the impact of low-carbohydrate diets after breast cancer diagnosis on breast cancer-specific and all-cause mortality. The results showed that adherence to low-carbohydrate diets, especially plant-rich low-carbohydrate diets, was associated with improved overall survival but not breast cancer-specific survival.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Celeste E. Naude, Amanda Brand, Anel Schoonees, Kim A. Nguyen, Marty Chaplin, Jimmy Volmink
Summary: Debates on effective and safe diets for managing obesity in adults continue, with comparisons between low-carbohydrate and balanced-carbohydrate weight-reducing diets showing little to no significant difference in weight reduction and changes in cardiovascular risk factors up to two years for overweight and obese adults without and with T2DM.
COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Yimin Zhao, Yueying Li, Wenxiu Wang, Zimin Song, Zhenhuang Zhuang, Duo Li, Lu Qi, Tao Huang
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the long-term associations between low-carbohydrate diets (LCDs) and low-fat diets (LFDs) and mortality among middle-aged and older individuals. The results showed that higher scores of overall LCD and unhealthy LCD were associated with increased risks of total and cause-specific mortality, while a healthy LCD was associated with slightly lower total mortality. On the other hand, the highest score of a healthy LFD was associated with significantly lower total, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality. These findings highlight the importance of maintaining a healthy LFD with less saturated fat in preventing all-cause and cause-specific mortality among middle-aged and older individuals.
JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Joshua Z. Goldenberg, Bradley C. Johnston
Summary: Restricting carbohydrate intake through dietary interventions may lead to diabetes remission without adverse consequences, but there is ongoing debate regarding the definition of low and very low carbohydrate diets, the long term health effects, and the working definitions of diabetes remission, requiring further research.
BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Yong Huang, Xiude Li, Tengfei Zhang, Xueke Zeng, Meiling Li, Haowei Li, Hu Yang, Chenghao Zhang, Yu Zhu, Zhuang Zhang, Min Tang, Wanshui Yang
Summary: A study based on a nationwide representative sample in the US found that a healthy low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) is associated with lower levels of insulin, insulin resistance, inflammation, and triglycerides, as well as higher levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. On the other hand, an unhealthy LCD is associated with higher levels of insulin, insulin resistance, inflammation, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Philip J. Prins, Timothy D. Noakes, Alex Buga, Dominic P. D'Agostino, Jeff S. Volek, Jeffrey D. Buxton, Kara Heckman, Dalton W. Jones, Naomi E. Tobias, Holly M. Grose, Anna K. Jenkins, Kelli T. Jancay, Andrew P. Koutnik
Summary: Recent research challenges the notion that high carbohydrate, low fat (HCLF) diets are superior for athletic performance and highlights the potential health benefits of low carbohydrate, high fat (LCHF) diets. In this study, highly trained competitive middle-aged athletes followed either a HCLF or LCHF diet for 31 days and found that there were no significant differences in performance, body composition, or metabolic markers between the two groups. However, the LCHF diet resulted in higher rates of fat oxidation and improved glycemic control, especially in individuals at risk for diabetes.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Veera Houttu, Aldo Grefhorst, Danny M. Cohn, Johannes H. M. Levels, Jeanine Roeters van Lennep, Erik S. G. Stroes, Albert K. Groen, Tycho R. Tromp
Summary: Recent studies have shown a link between high-fat, low-carbohydrate diets and severe hypercholesterolemia, similar to the levels observed in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). The high levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) could be due to reduced clearance of LDL particles or increased production of their precursors. The diets associated with hypercholesterolemia are characterized by increased intake of saturated fat and cholesterol, and limited to no intake of carbohydrates and fiber. However, the pathophysiological explanation for severe hypercholesterolemia is still unclear, and further research is needed. Clinicians should consider ruling out high-fat, low-carbohydrate diets as a possible cause of hypercholesterolemia in FH patients without a known mutation, and discuss dietary modifications to reduce LDL-C levels and cardiovascular disease risk in these patients.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Mariangela Rondanelli, Clara Gasparri, Gabriella Peroni, Milena Anna Faliva, Maurizio Naso, Simone Perna, Philip Bazire, Ignacio Sajuox, Roberto Maugeri, Chiara Rigon
Summary: Studies have shown that very low calorie diets and very low carbohydrate diets can affect the gut microbiota composition of obese patients, while very low calorie ketogenic diets alter the composition of fecal microbial populations and impact the plasma metabolome and fecal bile acid composition.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Christopher Haskins, Justin Cohen, Rupesh Kotecha, Adeel Kaiser
Summary: Low carbohydrate diets show promising potential in cancer treatment, with synergistic effects when combined with traditional therapies. Recent clinical trials indicate that adding low carbohydrate diets to oncology clinics is safe and feasible, with potential for enhancing treatment outcomes.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jeff S. Volek, Stephen D. Phinney, Ronald M. Krauss, Richard J. Johnson, Laura R. Saslow, Barbara Gower, William S. Yancy, Janet C. King, Frederick M. Hecht, Nina Teicholz, Bruce R. Bistrian, Osama Hamdy
Summary: The decades-long dietary experiment outlined in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, focusing on limiting fat and increasing carbohydrate intake, has not been effective in addressing the escalating epidemics of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Therefore, it is argued that personalizing the level of dietary carbohydrate should be a high priority based on evidence of metabolic variability among Americans.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Rebecca-Evelyn Papp, Verena Hasenegger, Cem Ekmekcioglu, Lukas Schwingshackl
Summary: This meta-analysis suggests that a high intake of poultry is not associated with cardiovascular disease risk. Additionally, substituting red and/or processed meat with poultry could have a beneficial effect on overall mortality and the risk for cardiovascular diseases, coronary heart disease, and stroke.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2023)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Eliska Selinger, Manuela Neuenschwander, Alina Koller, Jan Gojda, Tilman Kuehn, Lukas Schwingshackl, Janett Barbaresko, Sabrina Schlesinger
Summary: This study conducted an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses to evaluate the health impact of a vegan diet. The findings suggest that a vegan diet is effective in reducing body weight and has further health benefits, such as a lower risk of cancer incidence and all-cause mortality, as well as lower ApoB levels. However, a vegan diet may be associated with an increased risk of fractures. For individuals with diabetes or at high cardiovascular disease risk, a vegan diet improves measures of adiposity, cholesterol levels, LDL, and glycemic control.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Isabel Galicia Ernst, Gabriel Torbahn, Lukas Schwingshackl, Helge Knuettel, Robert Kob, Wolfgang Kemmler, Cornel C. Sieber, John A. Batsis, Dennis T. Villareal, Nanette Stroebele-Benschop, Marjolein Visser, Dorothee Volkert, Eva Kiesswetter, Daniel Schoene
Summary: Obesity and sarcopenic obesity have negative impacts on the bio-psycho-social health and quality of life of older adults. This study reviewed randomized controlled trials on lifestyle interventions for older people with (sarcopenic) obesity, and found heterogeneity in outcome definition, assessment methods, measurement units, and measurement times. Psychological and quality of life domains were underrepresented in the studies.
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Angelika Eisele-Metzger, Daria S. Schoser, Meik D. Klein, Kathrin Grummich, Guido Schwarzer, Lukas Schwingshackl, Robin Hermann, Bianca Biallas, Christiane Wilke, Joerg J. Meerpohl, Cordula Braun
Summary: This systematic review and network meta-analysis aimed to compare the effects of interventions for preventing back pain among office workers. The study found that these interventions had minor effects on back pain and work absence among office workers. The practical relevance of these effects is questionable.
SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF WORK ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Alena M. Schadow, Ingrid Revheim, Ulrike Spielau, Jutta Dierkes, Lukas Schwingshackl, Jan Frank, Jonathan M. Hodgson, Andre Moreira-Rosario, Chris J. Seal, Anette E. Buyken, Hanne Rosendahl-Riise
Summary: This systematic review evaluated the effect of regular consumption of reformulated breads on glycemic control among healthy adults, adults at cardiometabolic risk or with manifest T2DM. The findings suggest a beneficial effect of reformulated breads high in dietary fiber, whole grains, and/or functional ingredients on fasting blood glucose concentrations in adults, primarily among those with T2DM.
ADVANCES IN NUTRITION
(2023)
Review
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Lukas Schwingshackl, Sabrina Schlesinger
Summary: This narrative review summarizes the current literature and mechanisms regarding the impact of coconut oil on cardiovascular health. No studies have specifically investigated the effect of coconut oil on cardiovascular disease. Evidence suggests that compared to butter, coconut oil has less detrimental effects on cholesterol, but not compared to cis-unsaturated vegetable oils. The replacement of carbohydrates with lauric acid in coconut oil increases total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and HDL-cholesterol. The evidence on the association between coconut oil intake and cardiovascular disease is limited.
CURRENT ATHEROSCLEROSIS REPORTS
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Thomas Remer, Nicole M. Kalotai, Anna Amini, Andreas Lehmann, Annemarie A. Schmidt, Heike Bischoff-Ferrari, Sarah Egert, Sabine Ellinger, Anja Kroke, Tilman Kuehn, Stefan Lorkowski, Katharina Nimptsch, Lukas Schwingshackl, Armin Zittermann, Bernhard Watzl, Roswitha Siener
Summary: This umbrella review evaluated the association between higher protein intake and kidney diseases, finding that most kidney function-related parameters were physiologically increased with higher protein intake. However, there was no evidence that higher protein intake specifically triggers kidney stones or diseases.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2023)
Editorial Material
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jessica Rigutto-Farebrother, Sanne Ahles, Janet Cade, Karen J. Murphy, Jogchum Plat, Lukas Schwingshackl, Helen M. Roche, Sangeetha Shyam, Carl Lachat, Anne-Marie Minihane, Connie Weaver
Summary: This article describes an initiative led by the Federation of European Nutrition Societies to develop an extension to the CONSORT statement specifically for nutrition trials. An international working group was formed to provide recommendations for the reporting of nutrition trials. The article emphasizes the need for additional guidance to improve the quality and consistency of reporting in this field.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2023)
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Lukas Schwingshackl, Julia Stadelmaier, Roberta Lay, Ursula Griebler, Karina Karolina De Santis, Hajo Zeeb, Christina Kien, Mia Reimer, Julian Eble, Peter von Philipsborn, Ansgar Gerhardus, Erik von Elm, Joerg J. Meerpohl, Eva Kiesswetter
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the assessment of dietary adherence in Cochrane nutrition reviews. The results showed that dietary adherence was mentioned in most reviews but reported in a heterogeneous manner. The authors suggested including the assessment and degree of dietary adherence in systematic reviews.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Armin Zittermann, Annemarie Schmidt, Julia Haardt, Nicole Kalotai, Andreas Lehmann, Sarah Egert, Sabine Ellinger, Anja Kroke, Stefan Lorkowski, Sandrine B. Louis, Matthias Schulze, Lukas Schwingshackl, Roswitha I. Siener, Gabriele Stangl, Dorothee Volkert, Bernhard A. Watzl, Heike Bischoff-Ferrari
Summary: This umbrella review aimed to assess the impact of protein intake exceeding the current recommendations for different age groups on bone health. The review analyzed systematic reviews of studies published between 2008 and 2021, evaluating the effect of both animal and plant protein. The overall certainty of evidence was found to be insufficient, except for a possible link between high protein intake and reduced hip fracture risk.
OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Eva Kiesswetter, Julia Stadelmaier, Maria Petropoulou, Jakub Morze, Kathrin Grummich, Isabelle Roux, Roberta Lay, Lisa Himmelsbach, Martin Kussmann, Christine Roeger, Malte Rubach, Hans Hauner, Lukas Schwingshackl
Summary: The health effects of dairy products on cardiometabolic markers remain debated. A systematic review and network meta-analysis found that high-dairy intake had no detrimental effects on anthropometric outcomes, blood lipids, and blood pressure. Low-fat and full-fat dairy improved blood pressure but may impair glycemic control. Yogurt showed beneficial effects on waist circumference, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
ADVANCES IN NUTRITION
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Matthias B. Schulze, Julia Haardt, Anna M. Amini, Nicole Kalotai, Andreas Lehmann, Annemarie Schmidt, Anette E. Buyken, Sarah Egert, Sabine Ellinger, Anja Kroke, Tilman Kuehn, Sandrine Louis, Katharina Nimptsch, Lukas Schwingshackl, Roswitha Siener, Armin Zittermann, Bernhard Watzl, Stefan Lorkowski
Summary: Protein intake is associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes, with total protein intake possibly increasing the risk and animal protein intake showing uncertain results. Further research is needed to clarify the relationship between protein intake and type 2 diabetes risk.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
M. Hassan Murad, Jos Verbeek, Lukas Schwingshackl, Tommaso Filippini, Marco Vinceti, Elie A. Akl, Rebecca L. Morgan, Reem A. Mustafa, Dena Zeraatkar, Emily Senerth, Renee Street, Lifeng Lin, Yngve Falck-Ytter, Gordon Guyatt, Holger J. Schunemann
Summary: This article discusses the impact of dose-response gradients on the certainty of evidence in intervention and exposure studies. By determining the credibility of the gradient and applying the gradient domain, ratings can be increased.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Manuela Neuenschwander, Julia Stadelmaier, Julian Eble, Kathrin Grummich, Edyta Szczerba, Eva Kiesswetter, Sabrina Schlesinger, Lukas Schwingshackl
Summary: Research suggests that substituting animal-based foods (e.g. red and processed meat, eggs, dairy, poultry, butter) with plant-based foods (e.g. nuts, legumes, whole grains, olive oil) is beneficially associated with cardiometabolic health and reduced risk of all-cause mortality.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Lukas Schwingshackl
ERNAHRUNGS UMSCHAU
(2022)
