Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Anastasiia S. Boiko, Irina A. Mednova, Elena G. Kornetova, Valeria I. Gerasimova, Alexander N. Kornetov, Anton J. M. Loonen, Nikolay A. Bokhan, Svetlana A. Ivanova
Summary: This study compared the changes in cytokine levels in schizophrenia patients receiving atypical antipsychotics with or without metabolic syndrome. The results showed that treatment with atypical antipsychotics had different effects on inflammatory cytokine levels depending on the presence of MetS. Patients with MetS experienced increased levels of certain cytokines, while those without MetS had decreased levels of other cytokines after treatment.
Article
Psychiatry
Ismaeel Yunusa, Chengwen Teng, Ibraheem M. Karaye, Emily Crounse, Saud Alsahali, Nasim Maleki
Summary: This study found significant safety signals of hospitalization associated with the use of clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, aripiprazole, and ziprasidone, especially in older adults.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Sunil K. Panchal, Lindsay Brown
Summary: This article explores the potential of Australian tropical fruits as functional foods for metabolic syndrome. While there is preclinical evidence supporting their use, clinical studies in individuals with metabolic syndrome are lacking.
CURRENT OPINION IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Marco Carli, Shivakumar Kolachalam, Biancamaria Longoni, Anna Pintaudi, Marco Baldini, Stefano Aringhieri, Irene Fasciani, Paolo Annibale, Roberto Maggio, Marco Scarselli
Summary: Atypical antipsychotics can cause metabolic syndrome, including weight gain, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes, and high blood pressure. Olanzapine and clozapine have the highest risk of metabolic alterations, while newer medications like ziprasidone and lurasidone may be more tolerable in terms of metabolic profile. Differences in efficacy among antipsychotics should be considered, with clozapine being the most effective but potentially associated with increased metabolic risks. A multidisciplinary approach combining psychoeducation and therapeutic drug monitoring is proposed as a first-line strategy to avoid metabolic syndrome.
Article
Neurosciences
Madhura P. Dixit, Shivkumar S. Sammeta, Mrunali D. Dhokne, Shubhada Mangrulkar, Manoj A. Upadhya, Milind J. Umekar, Brijesh G. Taksande, Nandkishor R. Kotagale
Summary: The study found that agmatine has a protective effect against olanzapine-induced obesity, reducing weight gain, feeding efficiency, adiposity index, and improving dysregulated lipid metabolism.
BRAIN RESEARCH BULLETIN
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Maria Fonseca, Francisca Carmo, Fatima Martel
Summary: Atypical antipsychotics (AAPs) have beneficial effects in treating mental diseases, but they also have undesired metabolic side effects. These side effects are related to the actions of AAPs in metabolic organs and the central and peripheral nervous system. A better understanding of the molecular targets and mechanisms linking AAPs with metabolic syndrome is necessary to develop AAPs with less adverse effects.
JOURNAL OF NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Jonathan M. Meyer, Christoph U. Correll
Summary: Patients with schizophrenia have an increased risk of cardiometabolic abnormalities due to various factors, including illness severity, disease heterogeneity, lifestyle behaviors, and antipsychotic side effects. Adequate treatment with antipsychotics has been found to decrease mortality rates and reduce cardiometabolic risk factors in these patients. Recent discoveries in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia have opened up new possibilities for novel treatments that target metabolic dysfunction and offer therapeutic advancements.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anton L. Martinez, Jose Brea, Sara Rico, Maria Teresa de los Frailes, Maria Isabel Loza
Summary: Schizophrenia is a severe mental illness characterized by positive and negative symptoms, as well as cognitive deficits. The lack of effective treatments for cognitive impairment in schizophrenia is mainly due to its complex etiology, and recent research suggests that personalized treatments combining pharmacological and non-pharmacological measures are important for improving outcomes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Psychiatry
Marc-Andre Nolin, Marie-France Demers, Chloe Rauzier, Roch-Hugo Bouchard, Camille Cadrin, Jean-Pierre Despres, Marc-Andre Roy, Natalie Almeras, Frederic Picard
Summary: The study found that IGFBP-2 levels were negatively correlated with waist circumference, insulin sensitivity, and plasma triglycerides in male schizophrenia patients treated with olanzapine or risperidone. Lower IGFBP-2 levels below 220 ng/mL were associated with a higher proportion of men with a hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype compared to those with levels above this threshold.
WORLD JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Elena Reyes-Cuapio, Astrid Coronado-Alvarez, Carla Quiroga, Jocelyne Alcaraz-Silva, Jorge Carlos Ruiz-Ruiz, Claudio Imperatori, Eric Murillo-Rodriguez
Summary: Our study found that chronic CBD injections in juvenile rats led to significant changes in multiple metabolic markers in adulthood. Increases in glucose levels and enhanced triglycerides in hypothalamus, alongside decreased triglycerides in other tissues, highlight the potential impact of chronic CBD treatment on metabolic activity and the need for further research on underlying mechanisms.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Marco Carli, Francesco Weiss, Giovanna Grenno, Sergio Ponzini, Shivakumar Kolachalam, Francesca Vaglini, Cristina Viaggi, Carla Pardini, Simone Tidona, Biancamaria Longoni, Roberto Maggio, Marco Scarselli
Summary: Bipolar disorders (BDs) are a heterogeneous group of affective disorders characterized by alternating manic, depressive, and mixed phases, with variable intervals of normal mood. BDs are associated with high comorbidity, suicide risk, and reduced life expectancy. Treatment can be challenging, especially for complicated forms, but mood stabilizers remain the mainstay pharmacotherapy.
CURRENT NEUROPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Francisco Jose Toja-Camba, Nerea Gesto-Antelo, Olalla Maronas, Eduardo Echarri Arrieta, Irene Zarra-Ferro, Miguel Gonzalez-Barcia, Enrique Bandin-Vilar, Victor Mangas Sanjuan, Fernando Facal, Manuel Arrojo Romero, Angel Carracedo, Cristina Mondelo-Garcia, Anxo Fernandez-Ferreiro
Summary: Pharmacogenetics and pharmacokinetics have been increasingly utilized in psychiatric clinical practice to address the variability in response and side effects of antipsychotic drugs. Through the use of therapeutic drug monitoring and pharmacogenetic tests, along with personalized pharmacokinetic models, the safety and efficacy of antipsychotic pharmacotherapy can be improved.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Stuart H. Isaacson, Leslie Citrome
Summary: More than half of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients develop psychotic symptoms, causing significant distress and impairment in quality of life. This review focuses on the safety of antipsychotics for treating PD psychosis (PDP), including off-target safety concerns. While pimavanserin is the only approved medication for PDP in the US, clozapine is also considered effective. Quetiapine is commonly used despite limited evidence for efficacy. Additional pharmacological agents with both efficacy and acceptable safety are needed for PDP treatment, with a focus on minimizing motor function impairment, sleep disturbances, cognitive impairment, cardiovascular effects, and other non-motor safety concerns. A neutral or reduced mortality risk associated with PD and PDP, as well as low discontinuation rates due to adverse effects, would be ideal. Use of medications in combination with other pharmacological agents is also important.
EXPERT OPINION ON DRUG SAFETY
(2022)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Anastasiia S. Boiko, Irina A. Mednova, Elena G. Kornetova, Anastasiia A. Goncharova, Arkadiy Semke, Nikolay A. Bokhan, Svetlana A. Ivanova
Summary: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a common complication of schizophrenia that is exacerbated by long-term use of antipsychotics. The study found that levels of leptin were significantly increased in MetS patients, while ghrelin levels were significantly decreased. There were fewer significant correlations between ghrelin and other hormones in MetS patients compared to those without MetS.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Wiktor Drozdz, Michal Wicinski, Anna Maria Szota, Monika Szambelan, Izabela Radajewska, Igor Poplawski, Pawel Wojciechowski
Summary: This review examines the efficacy of combining neuroleptic and non-antipsychotic treatment in individuals with schizophrenia. The results suggest that a combination of antipsychotic medication with aspirin, simvastatin, N-acetylcysteine, or pioglitazone can significantly reduce both negative and positive symptoms of schizophrenia.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Salvatore Gentile
CLINICAL DRUG INVESTIGATION
(2015)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Salvatore Gentile
EXPERT OPINION ON DRUG METABOLISM & TOXICOLOGY
(2015)
Editorial Material
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Salvatore Gentile
EXPERT OPINION ON DRUG SAFETY
(2015)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Salvatore Gentile
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
(2015)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Salvatore Gentile, Maria Luigia Fusco
Review
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Salvatore Gentile, Maria Luigia Fusco
JOURNAL OF MATERNAL-FETAL & NEONATAL MEDICINE
(2017)
Review
Neurosciences
S. Gentile
Review
Psychiatry
Salvatore Gentile, Maria Luigia Fusco
PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH
(2017)
Review
Substance Abuse
Xinyu Zhou, Bin Qin, Cinzia Del Giovane, Junxi Pan, Salvatore Gentile, Yiyun Liu, Xinghui Lan, Jia Yu, Peng Xie
Review
Psychiatry
Xinyu Zhou, Kurt D. Michael, Yiyun Liu, Cinzia Del Giovane, Bin Qin, David Cohen, Salvatore Gentile, Peng Xie
Review
Clinical Neurology
Salvatore Gentile
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Salvatore Gentile
EXPERT OPINION ON DRUG SAFETY
(2014)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Salvatore Gentile
PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES
(2019)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Salvatore Gentile, Maria Luigia Fusco
PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES
(2019)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Salvatore Gentile
EXPERT OPINION ON DRUG SAFETY
(2014)