Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Hui Li, Georgia S. Clarke, Stewart Christie, Sharon R. Ladyman, Stephen J. Kentish, Richard L. Young, Kathryn L. Gatford, Amanda J. Page
Summary: This study shows that gastric vagal afferent signaling is attenuated during pregnancy and is inversely associated with meal size. Growth hormone reduces the mechanosensitivity of gastric vagal afferents, suggesting that increased maternal growth hormone levels may play a role in mediating adaptations in gastric vagal afferent signaling during pregnancy. These findings have significant implications for the peripheral control of food intake during pregnancy.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Pathology
Siyuan Xu, Shaochan Liang, Ying Pei, Rui Wang, Yao Zhang, Yifei Xu, Bin Huang, Haiwen Li, Juanjuan Li, Bo Tan, Hongying Cao, Shaoju Guo
Summary: This study suggests that dysfunction of TRPV1 channels may contribute to the impaired gastric relaxation in diabetic gastroparesis (DGP) induced by high-fat diet.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Hui Sun, Mayur J. Patil, Fei Ru, Sonya Meeker, Bradley J. Undem
Summary: This study demonstrates that the K(v)1/D-type potassium current (I-D) plays a critical role in regulating the activation of bronchopulmonary vagal afferent nerves. The I-D channels stabilize the membrane potential, counterbalance subthreshold depolarization, and promote the adaptation of action potential firings. Down-regulation of I-D channels may contribute to enhanced C-fiber activity in airway diseases.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Hui Zhou, Xiyan Liao, Qin Zeng, Haowei Zhang, Jianfeng Song, Wanyu Hu, Xiaoxiao Sun, Yujin Ding, Dandan Wang, Yalun Xiao, Tuo Deng
Summary: Accumulation and activation of immunocytes in adipose tissues are important in obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance. Chemokines, especially CCL5, play a crucial role in recruiting immunocytes to adipose tissue during obesity. CCL5 deficiency exacerbates adipose inflammation and impairs insulin sensitivity in obese mice. This study provides insights into the role of CCL5 in obesity-induced adipose inflammation.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Sinju Sundaresan, Connor Johnson, Kala B. Dixon, Michael Dole, Donna Kilkelly, Joseph Antoun, Charles Robb Flynn, Naji N. Abumrad, Robyn Tamboli
Summary: The study found that there are differences in duodenal nutrient sensing between obese and non-obese individuals, with obese individuals having a blunted response to nutrient infusion. Blocking vagal transmission affects nutrient sensing, hunger, and appetite in non-obese individuals, but has no additional effects in obese individuals.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ziyuan Ma, Christiane Ruedl
Summary: The study reveals that pancreatic resident macrophages have different turnover kinetics and sources during aging and obesity, but obesity and type 2 diabetes do not affect the turnover kinetics of any macrophage subpopulation residing in the pancreas.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Yanjun Guo, Cheng Lu, Luyun Zhang, Hanxing Wan, Enlai Jiang, Yao Chen, Hui Dong
Summary: The study found that nutrients induce endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in mesenteric arterioles through hyperosmotic action, with glucose stimulating Ca2+ influx through TRPV1 channels. This pathway could be a potential target for gastrointestinal diseases like chronic colitis and mesenteric ischemia.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sunhye Lee, Michael L. Goodson, Wendie Vang, Jennifer Rutkowsky, Karen Kalanetra, Mrittika Bhattacharya, Daniela Barile, Helen E. Raybould
Summary: The study found that supplementation with 2'-FL improved metabolic profiles, gut barrier integrity, and signaling in the vagal afferent pathway, but had no significant effect on cognitive function.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marina Romani-Perez, Inmaculada Lopez-Almela, Clara Bullich-Vilarrubias, Lola Rueda-Ruzafa, Eva M. Gomez Del Pulgar, Alfonso Benitez-Paez, Gerhard Liebisch, Jose Antonio Lamas, Yolanda Sanz
Summary: The study shows that H. biformis isolated from the feces of a metabolically healthy volunteer can improve hyperglycemia, glucose tolerance, and insulin signaling in the liver of obese mice. These effects are associated with the restoration of GLP-1 levels, enhancement of GLP-1 neural signaling, and modification of cecal microbiota. This suggests the potential use of H. biformis in managing type 2 diabetes in obesity by optimizing the sensitivity and function of the GLP-1 system.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Chin-Hao Chen, Tsung-Chih Tsai, Yi-Jen Wu, Kuei-Sen Hsu
Summary: This study uncovers the mechanism underlying the association between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and anxiety, revealing the signaling pathway between the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract that is involved in the regulation of anxiety-like behaviors.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Benjamin A. Kugler, Jared Lourie, Nicolas Berger, Nana Lin, Paul Nguyen, Edzana Dossantos, Abir Ali, Amira Sesay, H. Grace Rosen, Baby Kalemba, Gregory M. Hendricks, Joseph A. Houmard, Hiromi Sesaki, Philimon Gona, Tongjian You, Zhen Yan, Kai Zou
Summary: This study demonstrates that partial loss of skeletal muscle-specific Drp1 expression is sufficient to improve whole-body glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity under obese, insulin-resistant conditions. This improvement may be due to reduced mitochondrial H2O2 production. Furthermore, the findings revealed divergent effects of Drp1 on whole-body metabolism under lean healthy or obese insulin-resistant conditions in mice.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Kayla Dudick, Chen Che, Robin Shoemaker
Summary: The cardiac changes during pregnancy may have an impact on long-term cardiovascular health. This study found that obese pregnant mice had different cardiac geometry compared to lean mice, with obesity promoting concentric remodeling and lean mice promoting eccentric remodeling.
REVIEWS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Ravishankar Chandrasekaran, Sierra R. Bruno, Zoe F. Mark, Joseph Walzer, Sarah Caffry, Clarissa Gold, Amit Kumar, Nicolas Chamberlain, Isabella M. Butzirus, Carolyn R. Morris, Nirav Daphtary, Minara Aliyeva, Ying-Wai Lam, Albert van der Vliet, Yvonne Janssen-Heininger, Matthew E. Poynter, Anne E. Dixon, Vikas Anathy
Summary: Obesity is associated with severe, difficult-to-control asthma and increased airway oxidative stress. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) are an important source of oxidative stress in asthma. Targeting mROS with mitochondrial antioxidants such as MitoQuinone (MitoQ) may be effective in treating obese allergic asthma. MitoQ reduced airway inflammation, remodeling, and hyperreactivity in both lean and obese allergic mice, suggesting its potential therapeutic value.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LUNG CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Katherine R. Langen, Heather A. Dantzler, Procopio Gama de Barcellos-Filho, David D. Kline
Summary: TRPM3 channels contribute to activity of nodose afferent and nTS. Short, sustained hypoxia and chronic intermittent hypoxia enhance nTS activity. TRPM3 elevation of Ca2+ is increased in nodose ganglia of SH-exposed rats, but not in CIH-exposed rats.
AUTONOMIC NEUROSCIENCE-BASIC & CLINICAL
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Spela Mikec, Simon Horvat, Hongyang Wang, Jennifer Michal, Tanja Kunej, Zhihua Jiang
Summary: The complex etiology of obesity is influenced by both genetics and environment, making it a challenging research and health problem. This study focused on mRNA polyadenylation (PA) genes, which play a role in obesity but have not been extensively researched. Using mouse models, the researchers identified several genes with differentially expressed APA isoforms associated with obesity. These findings provide insights into potential therapeutic strategies for managing obesity.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)