Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Eun Roh, Kyung Mook Choi
Summary: The brain monitors and integrates metabolic signals, including gut hormones, to regulate energy homeostasis. Gut-brain communication is also facilitated by the vagus nerve. Advances in our understanding of this communication have potential for the development of effective anti-obesity medications. This review comprehensively explores the central regulation of energy balance and the application of gut hormones in anti-obesity drug development.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Yanan Zhang, Xuan Li, Guowen Huang, Haifeng Wang, Huizi Chen, Yong Su, Kaifan Yu, Weiyun Zhu
Summary: This study found that cecal propionate stimulates colonic secretion of satiety hormones and reduces short-term feed intake in pigs. Propionate administration also regulates appetite by upregulating the expression of anorexigenic genes and downregulating orexigenic genes in the hypothalamus.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Noah B. C. Piper, Emily A. Whitfield, Gregory D. Stewart, Xiaomeng Xu, Sebastian G. B. Furness
Summary: Type 2 diabetes and obesity are global pandemics, with G protein-coupled receptors playing a crucial role in their pathophysiology. However, only a few GPCRs have been approved for treatment, highlighting the importance of further research and drug development targeting these receptors.
BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Thea Toft Hansen, Arne Astrup, Anders Sjodin
Summary: The systematic review found that increasing protein intake can have a moderate beneficial effect on body weight management. Additionally, individuals with prediabetes or without obesity risk alleles were found to benefit more from a high-protein diet.
Article
Surgery
Fauzi Feris, Alison McRae, Todd A. Kellogg, Travis McKenzie, Omar Ghanem, Andres Acosta
Summary: The aim of this study was to review the hormonal and histologic changes observed after RYGB surgery, and to identify gaps and future research directions. The study provides a comprehensive understanding of the food intake regulatory adaptations occurring after RYGB surgery.
SURGERY FOR OBESITY AND RELATED DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Cecilie Hundahl, Petra Kotzbeck, Hayley B. Burm, Soren H. Christiansen, Lola Torz, Aske W. Helge, Martin P. Madsen, Cecilia Ratner, Annette K. Serup, Jonatan J. Thompson, Thomas O. Eichmann, Tune H. Pers, David P. D. Woldbye, Daniele Piomelli, Bente Kiens, Rudolf Zechner, Louise J. Skov, Birgitte Holst
Summary: The study reveals the significance of central HSL in regulating food intake and body weight under conditions of acute stress and high-fat diet in mice, shedding light on the role of intracellular lipolysis in mammalian hypothalamus in appetite regulation.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Hiroaki Ueno, Weidong Zhang, Masamitsu Nakazato
Summary: Obesity and obesity-related diseases are global pandemics. Peptide chemistry and molecular biology have identified peptides that regulate appetite and energy metabolism. Peptide-related drugs have powerful anti-obesity effects with fewer adverse effects. Liraglutide and other candidates have been developed as anti-obesity drugs, and hybrid peptides have been designed to enhance appetite suppression.
PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ludmilla Quaresma Teixeira Cabral, Jaine Alves Ximenez, Karyne Garcia Tafarelo Moreno, Ricardo Fernandes
Summary: This systematic review evaluated the effects of probiotics on appetite-related hormones in overweight or obese individuals, finding minimal impact. However, further studies with a low risk of bias are needed to clarify the role of probiotics in appetite control, as knowledge in this area continues to progress.
CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
K. Honda
Summary: Broiler chickens eat more and grow faster than layer chickens, but excessive body fat accumulation due to hyperphagia is a serious issue. Understanding the complex mechanism of food intake regulation in chickens, particularly the role of peripheral hormones, is crucial for addressing the problem of broiler chicken obesity.
WORLDS POULTRY SCIENCE JOURNAL
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Austin J. Graybeal, Jada L. Willis, Elisa Morales-Marroquin, Grant M. Tinsley, Sarah E. Messiah, Meena Shah
Summary: Historically, fat mass has been considered to have a significant impact on human body energy homeostasis through its indirect relationship with appetite control. However, recent evidence supports the potential role of fat-free mass (FFM) in appetite control, particularly in the regulation of appetite-related measures. Yet, the underlying biological mechanisms explaining the role of FFM in tonic/episodic appetite regulation remain unclear.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
A. S. Aderibigbe, K. M. Ajuwon, O. Adeola
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the regulation of appetite in broiler chickens by dietary phosphorus concentration. The results showed that a phosphorus-deficient diet decreased feed intake and body weight gain in chickens. It was found that the expression of anorexigenic genes in the gut and hypothalamus was altered in chickens fed a phosphorus-deficient diet. These findings indicate that dietary phosphorus deficiency can affect appetite regulation in broiler chickens.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Madusha Peiris, Rubina Aktar, David Reed, Vincent Cibert-Goton, Ausra Zdanaviciene, Writaja Halder, Adam Robinow, Simon Corke, Harween Dogra, Charles H. Knowles, Ashley Blackshaw
Summary: Colonic enteroendocrine cells store and release anorectic hormones and express nutrient sensing receptors for medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs), such as GPR84 and FFAR4. Non-surgical targeted colonic delivery of MCFA in obese adults induced EEC and neuronal activation, leading to reduced calorie intake and increased postprandial PYY levels. Activation of GPR84 and FFAR4 in colonic EECs activates parallel intracellular pathways and synergistically evokes hormone release, with further synergism in sensory nerve responses to MCFA and EEC mediators.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Daniela G. Costa, Claudia Almeida, Claudia Cavadas, Sara Carmo-Silva
Summary: This review provides an overview of physiological mechanisms involved in satiety and methodologies to assess food intake and satiety. It focuses on the differences between satiety and satiation, how the central nervous system regulates food intake and satiety, the impact of different macronutrients on satiety, and how the manipulation of food composition can influence overall satiety. Bringing together this knowledge on satiety mechanisms is useful for understanding and controlling obesity and other eating disorders.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Fardin Javanmardi, Kooshan Nayebzadeh, Atoosa Saidpour, Meisam Barati, Amir Mohammad Mortazavian
Summary: Fibers and proteins are crucial compounds in reducing appetite and inducing satiety, with optimizing snacks rich in these components showing promise in controlling appetite. A combination of textures and sensory evaluations was used to select an optimal sample with 30% protein and 10% fiber, demonstrating the role of proteins in improving certain textural characteristics and the delaying of digestion through the mixing of fibers and proteins.
LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Andrea Calderon Garcia, Roberto Pedrero Tome, Ana Alaminos-Torres, Consuelo Prado Martinez, Jesus Roman Martinez Alvarez, Noemi Lopez Ejeda, Maria Dolores Cabanas Armesilla, Maria Dolores Marrodan Serrano
Summary: This study found associations between genetic polymorphisms (SNPs) and eating behavior and obesity phenotype in schoolchildren. Different SNPs were associated with various eating behaviors, primarily those related to pro-eating behaviors or increased risk of developing obesity. Feeding behavior appears to mediate between genotype and obesity phenotype.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Editorial Material
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Alexis C. Sudlow, Carel W. le Roux
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Leigh Perreault, Melanie Davies, Juan P. Frias, Peter Norkjaer Laursen, Ildiko Lingvay, Sriram Machineni, Anette Varbo, John P. H. Wilding, Signe Olrik Rytter Wallenstein, Carel W. le Roux
Summary: This study analyzed the effects of semaglutide treatment on glucose metabolism and prediabetes in adults with overweight/obesity. The results showed that semaglutide led to improvements in glucose metabolism and a higher likelihood of normoglycemia in participants with prediabetes.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Naomi Fearon, Alexis Sudlow, Carel W. le Roux, Dimitri J. Pournaras, Richard Welbourn
Summary: This study aims to investigate the prevalence of stigmatizing language about obesity in scientific literature and examine its impact on patients. The research found that negative language implies personal responsibility for weight loss and affects the relationship with healthcare providers.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
David C. C. Llewellyn, Hugh Logan Ellis, Simon J. B. Aylwin, Eduard Ostarijas, Shauna Green, William Sheridan, Nicholas W. S. Chew, Carel W. W. le Roux, Alexander D. D. Miras, Ameet G. G. Patel, Royce P. P. Vincent, Georgios K. K. Dimitriadis
Summary: Postprandial hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia with neuroglycopenia is a recognized complication of bariatric surgery. This systematic review suggests that GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) may reduce the number of postprandial hypoglycemic episodes and improve glycemic variability.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Carel W. le Roux, Shuyu Zhang, Louis J. Aronne, Robert F. Kushner, Ariana M. Chao, Sriram Machineni, Julia Dunn, Farai B. Chigutsa, Nadia N. Ahmad, Mathijs C. Bunck
Summary: The SURMOUNT development program aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of tirzepatide as a treatment for obesity. The program includes four global phase 3 trials, which have shown that once-weekly administration of tirzepatide can significantly reduce body weight.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Hilary C. Craig, Zoe M. Doran, Carel W. le Roux
Summary: Obesity, a global epidemic, is a major health crisis with significant impacts. Over the years, perception of obesity has evolved from a self-inflicted condition to a recognized disease. An understanding of the underlying issues is crucial for developing comprehensive obesity management strategies, and the promotion of healthy behaviors is important, though not a standalone treatment for obesity.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Roshaida Abdul Wahab, Ricardo V. Cohen, Carel W. le Roux
Summary: Obesity is a chronic disease characterized by excess adiposity that negatively impacts health. The high prevalence of obesity increases the risk of long-term medical complications, including type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease. Studies have shown that certain medications and surgical procedures, such as sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and bariatric surgery, can have positive effects on diabetic kidney disease. However, more research is needed to effectively treat patients with obesity and chronic kidney disease and reduce morbidity.
ANNALS OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Carel W. le Roux, Emily R. Hankosky, Duzhe Wang, Raleigh Malik, Maria Yu, Ana Hickey, Hong Kan, Mathijs C. Bunck, Adam Stefanski, Luis-Emilio Garcia-Perez, Sean Wharton
Summary: By using an indirect treatment comparison, this study found that tirzepatide 10 and 15 mg are more effective for weight loss compared to semaglutide 2.4 mg.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ebaa Al-Ozairi, Mohammad Irshad, Etab Taghadom, Litty Sojan, Jumana Al Kandari, Dherar Alroudhan, Carel W. le Roux
Summary: This study assessed the effects of adding sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and/or glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RA) to insulin on weight and glycemic control in individuals with type 1 diabetes. The results showed that both SGLT2i and GLP1-RA alone improved weight and glycemia, but combining these medications resulted in greater weight loss.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Antonio E. Pontiroli, Lucia Centofanti, Carel W. Le Roux, Silvia Magnani, Elena Tagliabue, Franco Folli
Summary: Overweight and obesity are associated with atrial fibrillation (AF). Bariatric surgery (BS) can induce sustained weight loss and may be an ideal treatment for preventing AF. Previous studies have not definitively established the role of weight loss and BS in preventing AF. This meta-analysis evaluates the role of weight loss through BS in preventing incident AF in obesity.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Moath S. Alsaqaaby, Carel W. le Roux
Summary: Obesity is now recognized as a disease associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Weight loss has been found to ameliorate the metabolic abnormalities underlying type 2 diabetes and improve glycemic control. Intentional weight loss can benefit patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity by not only improving glycemic control but also reducing cardiometabolic disease risk factors and enhancing well-being.
DIABETOLOGY INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ahmed W. Al-Humadi, Khaled Alabduljabbar, Moath S. Alsaqaaby, Hani Talaee, Carel W. le Roux
Summary: The study aimed to identify associations between clinico-demographical characteristics and genetic mutations associated with obesity. The results revealed that gene mutations associated with obesity are common among patients with a BMI > 40 kg/m(2). However, a patient's BMI, age of onset of obesity, or age of onset of hyperphagia did not provide valuable information in predicting the presence of genetic mutations associated with obesity.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Hilary C. Craig, Dalal Alsaeed, Suzanne Norris, John Holian, Cormac Kennedy, Alix Feldman, Carel Le Roux
Summary: By studying patients' preferences for obesity treatment and the factors influencing them, the adherence and efficacy of treatment can be improved.
OBESITY SCIENCE & PRACTICE
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Martin T. W. Kueh, Nicholas W. S. Chew, Ebaa Al-Ozairi, Carel W. le Roux
Summary: Obesity, a chronic low-grade inflammatory disease caused by various factors, is a significant global health threat for adults and children. There is a connection between type 1 diabetes and obesity, and managing obesity in this population poses challenges. Healthcare professionals need to balance benefits and risks without specific guidelines and regulatory approval.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Adrian H. Heald, Helene A. Fachim, Bilal Bashir, Bethanie Garside, Safwaan Adam, Zohaib Iqbal, Akheel A. Syed, Rachelle Donn, Carel W. Le Roux, Mahmoud Abdelaal, James White, Handrean Soran
Summary: Bariatric surgery, specifically Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), improves dyslipidaemia and reduces body weight. This study found that RYGB may modulate gene expression in fat cells to influence the expression of the PCSK9 and LDLR genes. Lower PCSK9 gene expression and higher LDLR gene expression were observed in adipose tissue after RYGB in rats. Additionally, TNF alpha gene expression was positively correlated with PCSK9 gene expression after RYGB.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
