Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Harpreet Kaur, Gurjeet Kaur, Syed Azmal Ali
Summary: To maintain host health and create a conducive environment for the gut microbiota, the host and gut microbiota interact with each other. These interactions primarily occur between commensal bacteria and intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), serving as the primary defense mechanism to preserve intestinal homeostasis. The use of post-biotics, such as p40, positively influences IECs by acting as transactivators of the EGF receptor (EGFR), inducing protective responses and alleviating colitis. Moreover, post-biotics play a role in reprogramming IECs during the neonatal period for sustained protection against colitis in adulthood through regulation of TGF-beta release and expansion of regulatory T cells (Tregs).
PROBIOTICS AND ANTIMICROBIAL PROTEINS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Zuri A. Sullivan, William Khoury-Hanold, Jaechul Lim, Chris Smillie, Moshe Biton, Bernardo S. Reis, Rachel K. Zwick, Scott D. Pope, Kavita Israni-Winger, Roham Parsa, Naomi H. Philip, Saleh Rashed, Noah Palm, Andrew Wang, Daniel Mucida, Aviv Regev, Ruslan Medzhitov
Summary: Research has shown that carbohydrate intake plays a vital role in regulating intestinal epithelial gene expression and the enzymes and transport proteins required for carbohydrate digestion and absorption; gamma delta T cells regulate this process by suppressing interleukin-22 production by type 3 innate lymphoid cells; nutrient availability affects the tissue localization and transcriptome of gamma delta T cells, as well as the cellular remodeling of the epithelial compartment.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Veedamali S. Subramanian, Trevor Teafatiller, Hamid Moradi, Jonathan S. Marchant
Summary: Intestinal absorption of vitamin C in humans is mediated by specific transporters, with decreased expression in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. In this study, histone deacetylase inhibitors were found to significantly decrease the expression and function of hSVCT1 in intestinal epithelial cells, partly mediated through transcription factor regulation and chromatin modification. Epigenetic regulation of SVCT1 expression in intestinal epithelia was demonstrated through HDAC isoforms two and three, with potential implications for vitamin C homeostasis.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Arivarasu N. Anbazhagan, Shubha Priyamvada, Anoop Kumar, Dulari Jayawardena, Alip Borthakur, Seema Saksena, Ravinder K. Gill, Waddah A. Alrefai, Pradeep K. Dudeja
Summary: Our study reveals that miR-29a, b, and c posttranscriptionally regulate SMCT-1 in colonic epithelial cells, with lower expression levels in the mouse colon explaining the higher SMCT-1 expression in the colon compared to the small intestine.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Sathyanarayanan Jayashree, Ramamoorthy Sivakumar, Raman Karthikeyan, Paramasamy Gunasekaran, Jeyaprakash Rajendhran
Summary: This study utilized INSeq to identify 113 candidate genes essential for the adhesion and colonization of Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 on intestinal cells. These genes are associated with various functions such as carbohydrate transport and metabolism, cell wall biogenesis, stress response, motility, and signal transduction. Individual knock-out mutants of five genes confirmed their role in adhesion to Caco-2 cells, providing insights for developing designer probiotic strains.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Wen-Juan Pan, Lu-Lu Shi, Yu-Ru Ren, Cheng-Ying Yao, Yong-Ming Lu, Yan Chen
Summary: The protective potential of polysaccharides from Oudemansiella raphanipes (ORP-1) against age-associated intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction was investigated. The results showed that ORP-1 could restore a healthy gut microbial population and strengthen intestinal structural integrity.
FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Harpreet Kaur, Syed Azmal Ali, Fang Yan
Summary: The mutual interactions between the gut microbiota and the host are crucial for maintaining human health and creating a favorable environment for the gut microbial community. Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) act as the first responders to the gut microbiota in order to maintain intestinal balance. Recent studies suggest that components derived from commensal bacteria play a functional role in protecting intestinal integrity and reducing susceptibility to intestinal inflammation. Additionally, IECs have been found to communicate with the gut commensal bacteria, shaping the composition and function of the microbial community. This review highlights the beneficial effects of functional factors secreted by commensal bacteria on IECs, focusing on soluble proteins, metabolites, and surface layer components, as well as the impact of IECs on the commensal microbial profile. This knowledge provides a proof-of-concept model for understanding the mechanisms underlying the microbiota-host mutualism.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
H. N. Gao, F. Z. Ren, P. C. Wen, L. X. Xie, R. Wang, Z. N. Yang, Y. X. Li
Summary: This study investigated the effects of yak and cow milk-derived exosomal miRNAs on the barrier function of intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) under hypoxic conditions. It was found that bta-rnift-34a in yak milk exosomes played a crucial role in alleviating hypoxic injury to IEC-6 and increasing cell survival. Additionally, the study shed light on the regulatory relationship between bta-miRNA-34a and the hypoxia-inducible factor/apoptosis signaling pathway, providing insights into the mechanisms by which miRNAs promote survival of intestinal epithelial cells under stress.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Raffaella di Vito, Alessia Di Mezza, Carmela Conte, Giovanna Traina
Summary: The intestinal epithelium acts as a barrier that selectively allows for absorption of nutrients while defending against bacteria and toxins. Imbalances between the gut microbiota and the immune system can lead to inflammation. Mast cells play a crucial role in this process. A probiotic formulation containing specific strains was found to prevent inflammation and maintain intestinal barrier integrity in co-culture models.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Darine W. El-Naccache, Fei Chen, Mark J. Palma, Alexander Lemenze, Matthew A. Fischer, Wenhui Wu, Pankaj K. Mishra, Holger K. Eltzschig, Simon C. Robson, Francesco Di Virgilio, George S. Yap, Karen L. Edelblum, Gyorgy Hasko, William C. Gause
Summary: Intestinal nematode parasites can cause tissue damage and promote host protective type 2 immunity by crossing the epithelial barrier and releasing danger-associated molecular patterns. The A2B adenosine receptor on intestinal epithelial cells plays an important role in this process. Blocking this receptor inhibits the host protective memory response to the parasite, affecting granuloma development at the host-parasite interface.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Ane Olazagoitia-Garmendia, Linda Zhang, Paula Mera, Julie K. Godbout, Maialen Sebastian-DelaCruz, Iraia Garcia-Santisteban, Luis Manuel Mendoza, Alain Huerta, Inaki Irastorza, Govind Bhagat, Peter H. Green, Laura Herrero, Dolors Serra, Jose Antonio Rodriguez, Elena F. Verdu, Chuan He, Jose Ramon Bilbao, Ainara Castellanos-Rubio
Summary: This study identifies a novel m(6)A-XPO1-NFkB pathway that is activated in CD patients, prompting the development of new therapeutic approaches directed at m(6)A proteins and XPO1, a target under evaluation for the treatment of intestinal disorders. The functional involvement of a CD-associated SNP located in the 5'UTR of XPO1 is described, shedding light on the role of this SNP in triggering inflammation in coeliac intestinal epithelium.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Xiaoxiang Xu, Juan Chang, Ping Wang, Chaoqi Liu, Ting Zhou, Qingqiang Yin, Guorong Yan
Summary: This study investigated the effect of combining glycyrrhinic acid (GA) with Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) and Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) on alleviating cell damage induced by deoxynivalenol (DON). The results showed that the optimal combination significantly promoted cell viability and reduced DON toxicity. Additionally, the combination improved intestinal barrier function and nutrient absorption. These findings suggest that the combination of GA, S. cerevisiae, and E. faecalis may have potential as a dietary supplement for individuals exposed to DON-contaminated food.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Francesca Lombardi, Francesca Rosaria Augello, Paola Palumbo, Laura Bonfili, Serena Artone, Serena Altamura, Jenna Marie Sheldon, Giovanni Latella, Maria Grazia Cifone, Anna Maria Eleuteri, Benedetta Cinque
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the lysate from multi-strain probiotic formulation SLAB51 on the HIF pathway in an in vitro model of human intestinal epithelium and its protective role against lipopolysaccharide challenge. The probiotic lysate stabilized HIF-1 alpha through the activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway and the inhibition of NF- kappa B, NOS2, and IL-1 beta increase, thus protecting against LPS-induced inflammatory response.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Virology
So-Ri Han, Hetron M. Munang'andu, In-Kyu Yeo, Sung-Hyun Kim
Summary: Bacillus subtilis and its surfactin have the ability to inhibit VHSV infection.
Pre-treatment of fish with Bacillus subtilis can prevent the spread of VHSV infection to internal organs.
Bacillus subtilis has the potential to serve as an antiviral therapeutic agent against different viral infections in aquaculture.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Nisreen Faizo, Chandrakala Aluganti Narasimhulu, Anna Forsman, Shibu Yooseph, Sampath Parthasarathy
Summary: The study utilized RNA sequencing to investigate the impact of exposure to peroxidized linoleic acid on cellular processes, uncovering alterations in lipid metabolic pathways, detoxification mechanisms, and suppression of oxidative phosphorylation. These findings provide insights into the effects of 13-HPODE on cellular processes and propose potential therapeutic strategies for LOOH-related pathologies.