Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Anna C. Salvador, Danny Arends, William T. Barrington, Ahmed M. Elsaadi, Gudrun A. Brockmann, David W. Threadgill
Summary: Genetic mapping revealed QTLs on Chromosome 1, 5, and 7 associated with fat and lean mass gain, as well as a significant QTL on Chromosome 1 linked to serum HDL cholesterol concentration. Causal network analysis showed a connection between HDL cholesterol and fat mass gain with Fmgq1, while strong sex effects were identified at Fmgq2 and Lmgq1, influenced by diet.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Neil K. Huang, Nirupa R. Matthan, Gregory Matuszek, Alice H. Lichtenstein
Summary: Food intake data collected subjectively can be inaccurate and biased. Objective assessment of food intake, such as metabolomic profiling, may provide a more accurate method. In this study, participants consumed diets enriched in different types of carbohydrates, and plasma metabolite concentrations were measured to compare their differences. However, individual variation had a stronger impact on plasma metabolite concentrations than the type of carbohydrates consumed.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Lifu Lei, Juan Huang, Longlong Zhang, Yuqin Hong, Suocheng Hui, Jian Yang
Summary: This study conducted a meta-analysis comparing the long-term effects of a low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) and a low-fat diet (LFD) on metabolic risk factors and weight loss in overweight and obese adults. The results showed that LCD had greater improvements in triglycerides, diastolic blood pressure, weight loss, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol compared to LFD within 6-23 months. However, LFD was more conducive to reducing total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol within the same time frame. There were no significant differences between the two diets after 24 months.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Fisheries
Yanpeng Zhang, Zhen Zhang, Xu-Fang Liang, Shan He, Ling Li, Jing Xu, Jiao Li, Muhammad Shoaib Alam
Summary: The study compared and analyzed g6p homologous genes from different species, revealing the loss of g6pcb2 in Chinese perch's genome, with g6pca and g6pcb1 showing high expression levels in the liver. The group fed with 20% starch exhibited significant decreases in the mRNA levels of g6pca and g6pcb1, along with a significant increase in g6pca DNA methylation.
AQUACULTURE REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Yaogan Luo, Jiqiu Wang, Liang Sun, Weiqiong Gu, Geng Zong, Boyu Song, Chongrong Shen, Puchen Zhou, Yufei Chen, Yanpu Wu, Huibin Lin, He Zheng, Mengshan Ni, Xiaowei Yang, Yanru Chen, Xinming Xu, Juan Zhang, Juan Shi, Ru Zhang, Jinfen Hu, Hong Hou, Ling Lu, Xiaoqiang Xu, Liming Liang, Ruixin Liu, Xiaoran Liu, Huaixing Li, Jie Hong, Weiqing Wang, Xu Lin, Guang Ning
Summary: This study compared the effects of a Mediterranean diet and Chinese diets high or low in plants on body weight and glucose homeostasis among high-risk Chinese individuals. The results showed that with a 6-month calorie-restricted feeding, both the Chinese diets and the Mediterranean diet achieved similar weight reduction and improved glucose homeostasis, while the control diet showed a higher risk for hypoglycemia.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Alessandra Soriente, Ines Fasolino, Alejandro Gomez-Sanchez, Evgen Prokhorov, Giovanna Giuliana Buonocore, Gabriel Luna-Barcenas, Luigi Ambrosio, Maria Grazia Raucci
Summary: This study focuses on the use of chitosan (CS)-based materials reinforced with inorganic bioactive signals like hydroxyapatite (HA) in bone tissue engineering. The CS/HA scaffolds were found to promote osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) while modulating cytokine production, showing potential for treating bone defects.
JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH PART A
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Serena Danti, Shivesh Anand, Bahareh Azimi, Mario Milazzo, Alessandra Fusco, Claudio Ricci, Lorenzo Zavagna, Stefano Linari, Giovanna Donnarumma, Andrea Lazzeri, Lorenzo Moroni, Carlos Mota, Stefano Berrettini
Summary: Chitin nanofibrils (CNs) exhibit anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties when used in tympanic membrane (TM) scaffolds, showing potential for clinical applications in treating inflamed tissue environments.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tiago Alexandre Conde, Ioannis Zabetakis, Alexandros Tsoupras, Isabel Medina, Margarida Costa, Joana Silva, Bruno Neves, Pedro Domingues, M. Rosario Domingues
Summary: Noncommunicable diseases and age-associated diseases are major global health concerns linked to chronic inflammation and poor dietary habits. Modulating inflammation through dietary components, particularly bioactive lipids found in microalgae, shows promise in combating these diseases. Further research is being conducted to explore the anti-inflammatory potential of microalgae lipids for preventing and mitigating chronic inflammation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Wei Luo, Jin Zhang, Dan Xu, Yao Zhou, Zhen Qu, Qin Yang, Qiujv Lv
Summary: This meta-analysis found that low-carbohydrate ketogenic diets have positive effects on cardiovascular risk factors in overweight or obese patients, especially those with T2DM. Low-carbohydrate ketogenic diets can lower blood glucose, weight, and lipid levels, improving overall cardiovascular health.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ahsan Hameed, Edyta Adamska-Patruno, Joanna Godzien, Przemyslaw Czajkowski, Urszula Miksza, Karolina Pietrowska, Joanna Fiedorczuk, Monika Moroz, Witold Bauer, Julia Sieminska, Maria Gorska, Adam Jacek Kretowski, Michal Ciborowski
Summary: The study used metabolomics to investigate the mechanisms by which high-carbohydrate meals contribute to the development of metabolic syndrome. It found that overweight/obese individuals had dysregulated metabolic pathways after consuming high-carbohydrate meals, while normal-weight individuals did not. Consumption of high-carbohydrate meals led to a significant increase in certain metabolites, particularly phospholipids and fatty acid amides, in overweight/obese individuals. The intake of cinnamon and capsicum normalized the concentration of these altered metabolites.
Article
Fisheries
Ningning Xie, Hua Wen, ShouQi Xie, Ming Jiang, Lijuan Yu, Fan Wu, Xing Lu, Xiaolin Meng, Juan Tian
Summary: The study found that high-carbohydrate diet has a stronger effect on hepatic lipid accumulation in grass carp compared to high-fat diet. High-fat diet can promote lipolysis, glycolysis and gluconeogenesis in the liver of grass carp.
AQUACULTURE NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Kevin K. Takaki, Gabriel Rinaldi, Matthew Berriman, Antonio J. Pagan, Lalita Ramakrishnan
Summary: Schistosome eggs and beads can induce granulomatous response, but only mature Schistosoma mansoni eggs recruit macrophages to form granulomas, facilitating egg extrusion. This indicates the crucial role of the eggshell in immunity.
CELL HOST & MICROBE
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
David T. Dikeman, Eric C. Westman
Summary: Management of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) involves controlling blood glucose, insulin intake, diet, exercise, and physiological factors. Research suggests that a carbohydrate-restricted diet can lead to better blood glucose control and reduced hypoglycemic reactions in motivated individuals with T1DM. Urgent further studies are recommended to explore the potential benefits of carbohydrate restriction in managing T1DM.
CURRENT OPINION IN ENDOCRINOLOGY DIABETES AND OBESITY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nicholas G. Norwitz, Adrian Soto-Mota, Bob Kaplan, David S. Ludwig, Matthew Budoff, Anatol Kontush, David Feldman
Summary: When lean individuals adopt carbohydrate-restricted diets, they may experience changes in their lipid profile, with increased LDL-C and HDL-C levels and decreased TG levels. Some lean individuals, called Lean Mass Hyper-Responders (LMHR), exhibit a pronounced hyperlipidemic response to the diet. The Lipid Energy Model (LEM) suggests that carbohydrate restriction in lean individuals drives increased secretion and uptake of TG contained in VLDL, leading to significant elevations in LDL-C and HDL-C levels and low TG levels.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Federica Perego, Rosalia Maria Ticozzi, Adriano Troia, Mauro Prato, Donatella Taramelli, Nicoletta Basilico
Summary: The study found that dextran-shelled Oxygen-Loaded NanoDroplets (OLNDs) can promote the killing of Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) by macrophages and reduce inflammatory responses, potentially providing an innovative approach to healing chronic wounds.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)