Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
M. J. Bolukbasi, S. C. Middleburgh, W. E. Lee
Summary: The increasing demand and rising prices of energy have highlighted the importance of efficiency and economic viability in operating nuclear power plants. This study evaluates the potential impacts of 157Gd-enriched Gd2O3 on nuclear power plants and suggests that by removing residual reactive isotopes, lower uranium enrichment levels can be achieved, leading to economic benefits.
PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR ENERGY
(2023)
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
M. J. Bolukbasi, S. C. Middleburgh, M. Dahlfors, W. E. Lee
Summary: In this study, fuel assemblies using gadolinium oxide enriched with 157Gd isotope were modelled and compared to natural Gd based absorber. The use of enriched Gd isotopes in the fuel eliminates residual reactivity caused by natural gadolinium oxide and allows similar reactivity properties with less burnable absorber. The financial cost of incorporating enriched Gd isotopes into nuclear fuel has also been estimated.
PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR ENERGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
E. K. Papynov, O. O. Shichalin, I. Yu Buravlev, A. S. Portnyagin, V. Yu Mayorov, A. A. Belov, A. E. Sukhorada, E. A. Gridasova, I. G. Tananaev, V. Sergienko
Summary: The study investigates the use of unconventional spark plasma sintering technology (SPS) to produce composite UO2-Eu2O3 pellet fuel and presents data on densification dynamics and formation of (U,Eu)O-2 solid solution. Structural changes in the fuel compositions depending on sintering temperature and IFBA content were identified through metallography and electron microscopy. The formation of pores and defects in the Eu2O3-rich regions of UO2 ceramics is found to be controlled by the Kirkendall effect.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2021)
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
Ouadie Kabach, Abdelouahed Chetaine, Abdelfettah Benchrif, Hamid Amsil
Summary: A new reactivity control method involving burnable absorbers has been investigated in high-temperature gas-cooled reactors to suppress excess reactivity phenomenon in the early stages of core life. By adding Erbia doped with Gadolinia, excess reactivity can be compensated during the early stages of core life and flattened during the cycle.
NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
E. K. Papynov, O. O. Shichalin, I. Yu Buravlev, S. I. Ivannikov, V. V. Zheleznov, A. S. Portnyagin, A. N. Fedorets, D. Kh Shlyk, A. E. Sukhorada, A. E. Tarabanova, D. Yu Kosyanov, V. Yu Yagofarov, I. G. Tananaev, V. Sergienko
Summary: This study investigates the densification dynamics of UO2-Y2O3 system under spark plasma sintering conditions, revealing the formation of (U,Y)O-2 solid solutions and the structural changes within the ceramics bulk. The results show that the addition of Y2O3 leads to a decrease in microhardness, compressive strength, and density, although the values remain within acceptable limits.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Mofei Xu, Xiang Yu, Shijian Zhang, Sha Yan, Vladislav Tarbokov, Gennady Remnev, Xiaoyun Le
Summary: The study investigates the fabrication of titanium-chromium (Ti-Cr) alloy coatings using magnetron sputtering and successive intense pulsed ion beam (IPIB) irradiation. The IPIB irradiation induces element mixing, formation of supersaturated solid solutions, and lattice transition, resulting in enhanced hardness and improved wear resistance. The Ti-Cr alloy coating treated with 20 pulses exhibits exceptional wear resistance and demonstrates a remarkable increase in hardness. The development of this efficient and eco-friendly method for designing coatings with specific structures is of great importance for various material systems. Evaluation: 8 out of 10.
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
Mahmud Hasan Ovi, Afroza Shelley, Mahidul Haque Prodhan
Summary: This study focuses on the neutronic characteristics and feasibility of using Gadolinia and Erbia in integral burnable absorber (IBA) rods for the proposed MOX fuel assembly of VVER-1000 reactor. By neutron calculation, the optimal percentage of Gd2O3 and Er2O3 was determined, and it was found that the combination of Gd and Er has a better power distribution and power peaking factor compared to using Gd only.
ANNALS OF NUCLEAR ENERGY
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Junxiu Chen, Yu Xu, Sharafadeen Kunle Kolawole, Jianhua Wang, Xuping Su, Lili Tan, Ke Yang
Summary: This article reviews the latest research progress in biodegradable magnesium alloys, including high-performance Mg alloys, bioactive coatings, and actual or potential clinical applications, and also discusses the future research and development direction of biodegradable Mg alloys.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Lingyan Zhang, Kai Xu, Tulu Liang, Jin Shi
Summary: In this paper, surface modification of materials using mechanical alloying and electron beam irradiation is investigated. The results show that the Sn-rich Ni-Sn alloy layer obtained through this method has a higher surface hardness compared to the initial pure nickel layer. The atomic structure of the Sn-doped nickel substrate in the alloy layer is also simulated to understand the improvement mechanism.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Tianqi Li, Yulong Zhang, Qingjie Jiao, Yunjun Luo
Summary: PFOA-functionalized Al Metastable Intermolecular Composites (MICs) are a system that uses aluminum nanoparticles as fuel and PFOA as oxidant. These composites combine the high calorific value of aluminum with oxidizing fluorine in nano-sized structures. The composition, microstructure, and combustion performance of these MICs were studied.
MATERIALS & DESIGN
(2023)
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Meng Zhang, Liu Zhu, Jinfang Wang, Nengyong Ye, Sheng Dai, Shengwang Yu, Yucheng Wu
Summary: DGPSA technology is a fascinating method for modifying metal materials with improved surface performances, and it has played an increasingly important role in biomedical metal surface modification.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jiaye Yao, Juan Li, Guanghui Zhao, Huaying Li, Lifeng Ma, Jie Liu
Summary: Inconel 625 nickel-base alloy was modified by electron beam surface alloying (EBSA) with TiC coating at different scanning speeds. The microstructure evolution showed that the FCC phase in the alloy became island-shaped after EBSA. The scanning speed also affected the texture types and resulted in changes in surface hardness and wear resistance of the alloy. The highest surface hardness was achieved at 80 mm/min, and the wear resistance was the lowest at this scanning speed.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Keyan Sheng, Xiaohan Dong, Zhiyan Chen, Zijian Zhou, Yanlong Gu, Jiang Huang
Summary: This study developed a cost-effective method to increase the surface hydrophobicity of silicone rubber through electron beam irradiation in the presence of glycerol. It was found that the network structure formed on the silicone rubber surface was responsible for the increased hydrophobicity. This method has the advantages of cost-effectiveness, easy operation, and non-toxicity of glycerol, making it applicable for large-scale industrial production and modification of silicone rubber.
APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Engineering, Biomedical
Jiaxin Wu, Xinting Cheng, Jicenyuan Wu, Junyu Chen, Xibo Pei
Summary: Bone regeneration is a critical clinical challenge, and bone tissue engineering using Mg-based biomaterials provides a promising solution. However, rapid degradation is a major limitation in the applications of Mg-based biomaterials. Researchers have explored various approaches, such as alloying, surface modification, and synthesizing composite materials, to improve their properties.
JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH PART B-APPLIED BIOMATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Cong Liu, Yanguo Yin, Congmin Li, Ming Xu, Rongrong Li, Qi Chen
Summary: Lead-free FeS/Cu-Bi (FCB) copper matrix composites were prepared with improved hardness and density through FeS surface modification, although impact toughness and crushing strength decreased; nevertheless, these processes had a synergistic effect on enhancing the tribological properties of the materials.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2021)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Taisei Hayashi, Kensei Ichiba, Daisuke Nakauchi, Takumi Kato, Noriaki Kawaguchi, Takayuki Yanagida
Summary: In this study, Cr-doped Mg4Ta2O9 single crystals with different doping levels were synthesized using the floating zone method, and their photoluminescence and scintillation properties were evaluated. The results showed that Cr-doped Mg4Ta2O9 single crystals exhibited broad emission bands in the near-infrared region and showed scintillation characteristics within specific wavelength ranges. Additionally, the samples with different Cr doping levels demonstrated different lower detection limits based on the dose rate response function.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS
(2024)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
S. Marouf, A. C. Chami, Y. Boudouma
Summary: This study develops a Monte Carlo simulation approach to describe proton-induced secondary electron emission in solids. Theoretical modeling based on the Mott's elastic scattering cross-section and Lindhard's dielectric function was used to calculate the double differential cross-section (DDCS) of excited electrons and describe electron transport in the medium. The results for aluminum show the angular and energy distributions of backscattered electrons for incident protons with energy below 25 keV at normal incidence, and the total electron emission yield also agrees well with available measurements.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS
(2024)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Weipeng Yan, Baojun Duan, Zijian Zhu, Yan Song, Guzhou Song, Jiming Ma, Binkang Li, Yucheng Liu
Summary: This article reports on the scintillation performance of Lithium-doped 2D (PEA)2PbBr4 perovskite single crystals synthesized at room temperature. The crystals exhibit fast decay time, high light yield, and high spatial resolution, making them highly promising for medical diagnostic applications.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS
(2024)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
S. B. Vishwakarma, S. K. Dubey, R. L. Dubey, I. Sulania, D. Kanjilal
Summary: Investigations have been conducted on the implanted SiO2 thin film after thermal annealing using various analytical techniques. The results revealed the absence of vacancy defects, variations in vibrational modes and the formation of new structures. The photoluminescence intensity of the annealed SiO2 samples was higher, with a decrease in non-radiative defect centers and an increase in radiative Si:SiO2 interface states. Additionally, the presence of silicon nanoclusters formed after annealing resulted in an additional radiative recombination peak. Furthermore, the formation of new SiOx structures was observed after thermal annealing.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS
(2024)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
M. Koshimizu, S. Kurashima, A. Kimura, M. Taguchi
Summary: By observing the scintillation time profiles of CeF3 under irradiations of pulsed beams with different LETs, we found that the initial decay was faster for higher LET, which is consistent with previous studies on other self-activated scintillators. This faster decay at higher LET can be explained by the competition between the scintillation caused by 5d-4f transition of Ce3+ ions and quenching due to the interaction between excited Ce3+ ions close to each other.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS
(2024)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Junjie Shi, Jianhong Hao, Fang Zhang, Qiang Zhao, Bixi Xue, Jieqing Fan, Zhiwei Dong
Summary: This study examined the neutralization process and beam quality of a hydrogen beam by emitting negative hydrogen ions to a hydrogen target. The findings showed that the neutralization efficiency was influenced by variables such as the transport distance, energy, and target gas density. However, the maximal neutralization efficiency was not affected by the density of the target gas or the energy of the negative hydrogen ions.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS
(2024)