Article
Thermodynamics
Peng Tan, Xin-hui Liu, Bing-wei Cao, Wei Chen, Ji-yu Feng, Zhi-lin Xiang
Summary: The traditional cooling system in loaders is inefficient in adjusting fan speed according to the working medium's temperature, resulting in significant power waste. This study proposes a high-power spray cooling system as a solution, and analyzes the impact of different factors on its heat transfer performance through multi-factor orthogonal tests. The results show that cold water flow rate and nozzle incidence angle have significant effects on heat transfer power and energy consumption ratio. The constructed spray cooling system achieves efficient heat dissipation, meeting the requirements and verifying the feasibility of the proposed scheme. A multiple linear regression model for power consumption ratio is also provided, offering insights for improving loader cooling system performance.
CASE STUDIES IN THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Yonghao Zhang, Lingfeng Shi, Hua Tian, Ligeng Li, Xuan Wang, Guangdai Huang, Gequn Shu
Summary: An experimental prototype of CO2-based combined cooling and power cycle driven by engine waste heat is developed and its flexibility is validated. The impacts of external perturbations on system operation and performance are comprehensively explored. The results show that perturbations in the refrigeration side have insignificant impacts on the power side, while perturbations in the power side can significantly influence the performance of the refrigeration side.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yuhang Zhang, Riming Wu, Na Min, Meng Chen, Wei Li
Summary: The cooling rate at the core site of hot stamping die components plays an important role in their lifespan. In order to accurately predict the cooling rate of Cr-Mo-V-W steels with different tungsten content, working temperature, and surface temperature, real-time temperature detection was carried out on Cr-Mo-V-W steel cylinders cooling in quenching sand. The Cr-Mo-V-W die steel with 1.5% tungsten showed the highest heat conductivity in the temperature range of 200°C to 600°C, attributed to the reduction of interstitial atoms and improvement of heat conductivity by tungsten. A cooling temperature trend (CTT) model was developed and found to be more precise in predicting the cooling rate of these steels compared to the modified Fourier model.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Zixu Yang, Jiaan Zhao, Baolong Wang, Rong Zhuang, Xin Li, Hansong Xiao, Wenxing Shi
Summary: A hybrid air conditioner combining a fresh air ventilator and direct evaporative cooling water spray system was proposed and investigated in this study. The results showed that the hybrid air conditioner exhibited high energy efficiency and energy-saving potential compared to conventional air conditioners through laboratory testing and field verification in three different cities.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Adriano de Souza Carolino, Matheus Moraes Biondo, Stefan Talu, Henrique Duarte da Fonseca Filho, Pedro Henrique Campelo, Jaqueline de Araujo Bezerra, Cicero Mota, Hidembergue Ordozgoith da Frota, Vanderlei Salvador Bagnato, Natalia Mayumi Inada, Edgar Aparecido Sanches
Summary: The development of conjugated polymer-based nanocomposites by adding metallic particles into the polymerization medium allows the proposition of novel materials presenting improved electrical and optical properties. In this study, ES-PANI-WO3 center dot 2H(2)O nanocomposites were successfully synthesized and characterized, showing increased electrical conductivity and purely physical interaction.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Fan Zhang, Cong Dai, Yuhao Zhang, Dianbin Guo, Jianfu Shao, Dawei Hu
Summary: This study demonstrates that thermal shock has a significant impact on the tensile behavior of granite, with higher heating temperatures resulting in more substantial decreases in tensile strength and elastic modulus. Tensile properties are more affected by thermal shock, while the heating temperature threshold for compressive properties is higher.
BULLETIN OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Menglin Du, Feng Gao, Chengzheng Cai, Shanjie Su, Zekai Wang
Summary: Liquid nitrogen cooling can cause significant cracking damage in coalbed methane reservoirs, leading to deterioration in mechanical properties and easier cracking and fragmentation. The failure mode after cooling varies at different bedding angles, with a transition to tensile failure at a 60 degrees angle.
ROCK MECHANICS AND ROCK ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Yuxin Ye, Binbin Jiao, Yanmei Kong, Ruiwen Liu, Xiangbin Du, Kunpeng Jia, Shichang Yun, Dapeng Chen
Summary: This paper introduces the concept of thermal superposition effect, which can effectively reduce the average temperature of multi-hotspot chips by optimizing the superposition factor. The factor also enables prediction of the temperature change of hotspots.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Xingyu Ma, Bing Sun, Taiping Wang, Di Liu
Summary: The study demonstrates that adding a gas film can reduce thermal loads on the inner wall of the combustion chamber and improve cooling efficiency in rocket engine hot-tests. Additionally, increasing the film flow rate ratio significantly enhances cooling efficiency and reduces circumferential unevenness in cooling effect.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Junjie Chu, Wei Xu, Yijun Fu, Huimin Huo
Summary: This paper presents an experimental investigation of a new regenerative dew point indirect evaporative cooler that shows high wet bulb efficiency and cooling capacity under different working conditions. The results demonstrate the great advantages and wide application prospects of this technology in hot and dry areas.
JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Minseong Kim, Yong-Kwon Kang, Jaewon Joung, Jae-Weon Jeong
Summary: Thermoelectric technology has been developed to replace existing refrigerants in HVAC systems for building decarbonization. A hydraulic thermoelectric radiant cooling panel (hTERCP) operated based on the Peltier effect was tested, and the simulation model was verified. The study found that the heat rejection performance of the thermoelectric module significantly affects the cooling performance of the hTERCP, and the cooling water temperature is a key design factor.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
J. Jarvis, V Lebedev, A. Romanov, D. Broemmelsiek, K. Carlson, S. Chattopadhyay, A. Dick, D. Edstrom, I Lobach, S. Nagaitsev, H. Piekarz, P. Piot, J. Ruan, J. Santucci, G. Stancari, A. Valishev
Summary: Particle accelerators and storage rings have greatly contributed to scientific discoveries, with innovations in particle-beam cooling playing a crucial role. Optical stochastic cooling (OSC), an extension of stochastic cooling to optical frequencies, has been pursued for its potential to drastically increase cooling rates. In a recent proof-of-principle experiment at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, OSC demonstrated its capability to simultaneously cool particle beams in all dimensions, paving the way for more advanced experiments and potential applications.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Huaming An, Yushan Song, Lei Liu, Xiang Meng
Summary: The study proposes basalt fiber-reinforced concrete as an advanced geo-material and compares it with ordinary concrete in terms of physical parameters, static compressive strength, and dynamic compressive strength. Results show that basalt fiber-reinforced concrete has greater strength than ordinary concrete, with both static and dynamic compressive strength decreasing with increasing temperature. Air cooling method produces greater strength compared to water cooling method.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Xinyu Cong, Wei Zhou, Yiqiu Tan, Mohamed Elchalakani
Summary: This study investigated the structural properties of reinforced alkali activated materials (AAMs) concrete beams through four-point bending tests. The failure modes, crack patterns, and deflections of AAMs concrete beams were found to be similar to those of conventional reinforced concrete beams. Estimating the properties of AAMs concrete structures using existing concrete structure codes resulted in significant underestimations, while calculation methods based on the constitutive models of AAMs concrete provided a better match with the experimental results.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Ahmad Ghaderi Hamidi, Hosein Arabi, Saeed Rastegari
Summary: Research shows that, in addition to density, microstructural aspects have significant effects on the conductivity and thermal erosion resistance of W-Cu composites. Larger copper channels in W-Cu composites provide higher conductivity and erosion resistance, and the uniformity of channel walls has the same effects.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRACTORY METALS & HARD MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Hanns Gietl, Johann Riesch, Till Hoeschen, Michael Rieth, Jan W. Coenen, Rudolf Neu
Summary: Research has shown that tungsten fiber-reinforced composites have the potential to overcome the brittleness issue of tungsten at room temperature. Through Charpy impact tests and microscopic investigation, the transition temperature ranges of the fiber and matrix have been identified.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
M. Yoshida, G. Giruzzi, N. Aiba, J. F. Artaud, J. Ayllon-Guerola, L. Balbinot, O. Beeke, E. Belonohy, P. Bettini, W. Bin, A. Bierwage, T. Bolzonella, M. Bonotto, C. Boulbe, J. Buermans, M. Chernyshova, S. Coda, R. Coelho, S. Davis, C. Day, G. De Tommasi, M. Dibon, A. Ejiri, G. Falchetto, A. Fassina, B. Faugeras, L. Figini, M. Fukumoto, S. Futatani, K. Galazka, J. Garcia, M. Garcia-Munoz, L. Garzotti, L. Giacomelli, L. Giudicotti, S. Hall, N. Hayashi, C. Hoa, M. Honda, K. Hoshino, M. Iafrati, A. Iantchenko, S. Ide, S. Iio, R. Imazawa, S. Inoue, A. Isayama, E. Joffrin, K. Kamiya, Y. Ko, M. Kobayashi, T. Kobayashi, G. Kocsis, A. Kovacsik, T. Kurki-Suonio, B. Lacroix, P. Lang, Ph Lauber, A. Louzguiti, E. de la Luna, G. Marchiori, M. Mattei, A. Matsuyama, S. Mazzi, A. Mele, F. Michel, Y. Miyata, J. Morales, P. Moreau, A. Moro, T. Nakano, M. Nakata, E. Narita, R. Neu, S. Nicollet, M. Nocente, S. Nowak, F. P. Orsitto, V Ostuni, Y. Ohtani, N. Oyama, R. Pasqualotto, B. Pegourie, E. Perelli, L. Pigatto, C. Piccinni, A. Pironti, P. Platania, B. Ploeckl, D. Ricci, P. Roussel, G. Rubino, R. Sano, K. Sarkimaki, K. Shinohara, S. Soare, C. Sozzi, S. Sumida, T. Suzuki, Y. Suzuki, T. Szabolics, T. Szepesi, Y. Takase, M. Takech, N. Tamura, K. Tanaka, H. Tanaka, M. Tardocchi, A. Terakado, H. Tojo, T. Tokuzawa, A. Torre, N. Tsujii, H. Tsutsui, Y. Ueda, H. Urano, M. Valisa, M. Vallar, J. Vega, F. Villone, T. Wakatsuki, T. Wauters, M. Wischmeier, S. Yamoto, L. Zani
Summary: The JT-60SA project focuses on plasma controllability for scenario development and risk mitigation in ITER and investigating DEMO relevant regimes. Recent works on simulation studies have prepared for plasma physics and control experiments, contributing to ITER and DEMO.
PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION
(2022)
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
J. Riesch, A. Feichtmayer, J. W. Coenen, B. Curzadd, H. Gietl, T. Hoeschen, A. Manhard, T. Schwarz-Selinger, R. Neu
Summary: Advanced materials, such as tungsten fibre-reinforced composites, are used to address issues with baseline materials in fusion reactors. High-energy ions are used to simulate the effects of neutron irradiation on the mechanical properties of these materials. Fine tungsten wire provides a means to study irradiation damage and can be used to predict the properties of bulk composite materials.
NUCLEAR MATERIALS AND ENERGY
(2022)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
T. Happel, T. Puetterich, D. Told, M. Dunne, R. Fischer, J. Hobirk, R. M. McDermott, U. Plank, A. S. D. E. X. Upgrade Team ASDEX Upgrade Team
Summary: This study provides an overview of the results of negative triangularity (NT) studies conducted on the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak (AUG). The results show moderate values of triangularity and both favorable and unfavorable magnetic configurations. In unfavorable configuration, higher power thresholds are required to enter the high-confinement mode (H-mode). In favorable configuration, H-mode with type-I edge localized modes (ELMs) is observed. The study also investigates the influence of different heating methods on plasma confinement.
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
R. De Luca, P. Fanelli, D. Paoletti, C. Stefanini, A. von Mueller, A. Feichtmayer, F. Vivio, V. Belardi, G. Dose, G. De Sano, S. Roccella, G. Calabro, J. -H. You, R. Neu
Summary: Amongst the engineering challenges of power exhaust in DEMO and future reactors, an effective wall protection strategy is regarded as crucial. Sacrificial first wall limiters provided with innovative tungsten lattices are preferred as the last protection resource during extreme plasma events. Additive manufacturing was employed to realize samples for material characterization and testing.
FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Maximilian Fuhr, Till Hoeschen, Johann Riesch, Max Boleininger, Juergen Almanstoetter, Wolfgang Pantleon, Rudolf Neu
Summary: Through studying a series of potassium-doped tungsten wires, it was found that cold-worked tungsten materials can exhibit ductility even at low temperatures. Transient mechanical tests were conducted to determine the effective activation volumes and strain-rate sensitivities of the wires at room temperature. It was concluded that the ductility of drawn tungsten wires at low temperatures is attributed to microstructural and textural changes during the wire drawing process, rather than a change in the rate-controlling deformation mechanisms.
PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE
(2023)
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
V. Rohde, M. Balden, K. Hunger, I. Zammuto, A. Herrmann, R. Neu
Summary: Solid tungsten tiles in the ASDEX Upgrade divertor exhibit cracks parallel to surface and humps at the surface. These horizontal cracks, occurring for the first time, lead to protrusions on approximately 10% of the tiles. The location of these cracks coincides with the highest deposited energy, affecting thermal contact and causing recrystallization and grain growth.
NUCLEAR MATERIALS AND ENERGY
(2023)
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
R. Neu, H. Maier, B. Boeswirth, S. Elgeti, H. Greuner, K. Hunger, J. Kondas, A. von Mueller
Summary: Cold gas spraying was investigated for the production of thick tungsten coatings for use in fusion devices. A systematic study using tungsten and tantalum powder mixtures was performed due to the brittle nature of tungsten. Coatings with negligible porosity and good adhesion were achieved using a 90 vol% tungsten mixture, resulting in a 70 vol% tungsten content in the coating. High heat flux experiments showed good performance under low steady-state loads, but cracks appeared during high power transients.
NUCLEAR MATERIALS AND ENERGY
(2023)
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
J. Boscary, G. Ehrke, P. Frosi, P. Junghanns, B. Koncar, B. Mendelevitch, D. Naujoks, R. Neu, M. Richou, L. Selan, J. Tretter, Z. Wang, J. H. You, K. Zhang
Summary: The Wendelstein 7-X stellarator will start operating in 2022 with an actively water cooled divertor using CFC NB31 tiles. Research activities, supported by EUROfusion, are being carried out to develop a metallic water cooled divertor for future installation. The first prototyping phase is being prepared through conceptual design.
FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN
(2023)
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
C. Stefanini, P. Fanelli, R. De Luca, D. Paoletti, F. Vivio, V. Belardi, S. Trupiano, G. Calabro, J. -H. You, R. Neu
Summary: In the EU DEMO reactor, components exposed to burning plasma are subjected to extreme conditions, which affect their lifespan and functionality. Researchers have developed a parametric model to identify the optimal component configurations that maximize the sacrificial limiter's effectiveness.
FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN
(2023)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
A. Burckhart, A. Bock, R. Fischer, T. Puetterich, J. Stober, S. Guenter, A. Gude, J. Hobirk, M. Hoelzl, V. Igochine, I. Krebs, M. Maraschek, M. Reisner, R. Schramm, H. Zohm, ASDEX Upgrade Team
Summary: In high-beta scenarios, the absence of sawteeth suggests the presence of an additional current redistribution mechanism beyond neoclassical current diffusion. Imaging diagnostics indicate the consistent behavior of q0 around 1 in the presence of a 1/1 mode, highlighting its potential role in current redistribution. Furthermore, it is shown that the mode's ability to modify central current and suppress sawteeth increases with plasma pressure. The advantages of the flux pumping scenario are also emphasized.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
R. Neu, J. W. Coenen, B. Curzadd, H. Gietl, H. Greuner, T. Hoeschen, K. Hunger, R. Luerbke, Av Mueller, J. Riesch, G. Schlick, U. Siefken, E. Visca, Jh You
Summary: In the research on the European Fusion Roadmap, water-cooled divertor PFCs are planned to be used in the design of the first fusion demonstration power plant (DEMO) for reliable heat removal capability. The Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics is focusing on the development and testing of composite materials based on tungsten and copper, with W fibres playing a central role in the investigations.
MATERIALS RESEARCH EXPRESS
(2023)
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
J. G. A. Scholte, M. Balden, B. Boeswirth, S. Elgeti, H. Greuner, A. Herrmann, K. Hunger, K. Krieger, P. Leitenstern, A. Manhard, R. Neu, R. C. van Schaik, V. Rohde, I. Zammuto, T. W. Morgan
Summary: Using liquid metals as plasma-facing components can extend the lifespan of the divertor, but the high atomic number of tin limits its use in the main plasma. Therefore, it is crucial to test this concept in a tokamak environment. This paper presents the design of a liquid tin module and its testing in a high heat flux device. The results show that the module is suitable for high heat fluxes.
NUCLEAR MATERIALS AND ENERGY
(2023)
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
Joris Fellinger, M. Richou, G. Ehrke, M. Endler, F. Kunkel, D. Naujoks, Th. Kremeyer, A. Menzel-Barbara, Th. Sieber, J-F. Lobsien, R. Neu, J. Tretter, Z. Wang, J-H. You, H. Greuner, K. Hunger, P. Junghanns, O. Schneider, M. Wirtz, Th. Loewenhoff, A. Houben, A. Litnovsky, P-E. Fraysinnes, P. Emonot, S. Roccella, O. Widlund, B. Koncar, M. Tekavcic
Summary: Wendelstein 7-X, the world's largest superconducting stellarator, has started plasma experiments with a water-cooled plasma-facing wall in 2022, allowing for long pulse operation. Furthermore, a project is planned to develop a W based divertor to demonstrate plasma performance of a stellarator with low tritium retention.
NUCLEAR MATERIALS AND ENERGY
(2023)
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
Dirk Naujoks, Chandra-Prakash Dhard, Yuhe Feng, Yu Gao, Torsten Stange, Birger Buttenschoen, Sergey A. Bozhenkov, Sebastijan Brezinsek, Kai Jakob Brunner, Gabor Cseh, Andreas Dinklage, David Ennis, Joris Fellinger, Eric Flom, Dorothea Gradic, Eduard Grigore, Dirk Hartmann, Frederik Henke, Marcin Jakubowski, Amit Kharwandikar, Mikhail Khokhlov, Jens Knauer, Gabor Kocsis, Petra Kornejew, Maciej Krychowiak, Matej Mayer, Paul McNeely, Daniel Medina, Rudolf Neu, Kian Rahbarnia, Cristian Ruset, Norbert Rust, Peter Scholz, Thomas Sieber, Ivan Stepanov, Naoki Tamura, Erhui Wang, Thomas Wegner, Daihong Zhang
Summary: The transition to reactor-relevant materials for the plasma facing components is a crucial step to demonstrate the feasibility of the stellarator concept for future fusion reactors. Tungsten was used as the plasma-facing material in W7-X stellarator, and design changes were made to improve the overheating issue in the baffle area.
NUCLEAR MATERIALS AND ENERGY
(2023)
