Article
Forestry
Colleen M. Sutheimer, Jed Meunier, Sara C. Hotchkiss, Eric Rebitzke, Volker C. Radeloff
Summary: The study reveals that in central North American hemiboreal peatlands, fire events were frequent and widespread historically, primarily occurring during dormancy and the growing season, as well as under mild to moderate drought conditions. These fire events not only impact the ecosystem of peatlands, but may also have implications for climate change.
FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Ebrahim Nabizadeh, Sandro W. Lubis, Pedram Hassanzadeh
Summary: The predictability of different weather regimes during extended boreal summer in the Pacific-North American region was examined in this study. It was found that the Arctic high regime had the highest forecast skill and intrinsic predictability, while the Pacific trough regime had the lowest intrinsic predictability. The results also highlighted the link between prediction skill and intrinsic predictability.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Gabriele Messori, Joshua Dorrington
Summary: The North American and Euro-Atlantic weather regimes show a close statistical correspondence, and a joint analysis can provide statistical predictability for anomalies in their occurrence frequencies. North American regimes have a clear impact on the European surface weather associated with Euro-Atlantic regimes.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Entomology
Thiago Mastrangelo, Adalecio Kovaleski, Bruno Maset, Maria de Lourdes Zamboni Costa, Claudio Barros, Luis Anselmo Lopes, Carlos Caceres
Summary: Significant progress has been made in the domestication and artificial rearing techniques for the South American fruit fly, Anastrepha fraterculus, since the 1996 FAO/IAEA Workshop held in Chile. However, there is a need to further optimize rearing protocols to increase yields and reduce costs. Evidence of sexual incompatibility between a long-term mass-reared Brazilian strain and wild populations has also been found.
Article
Fisheries
Daniel P. Gillis, Charles K. Minns, Brian J. Shuter
Summary: This study developed a semi-mechanistic seasonal temperature-profile model to accurately predict lake temperatures in 369 North American lakes. By using random forests to select candidate predictors and creating empirical equations based on these predictors, the researchers were able to accurately predict thermal profiles in lakes.
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Ye Liu, Sha Feng, Yun Qian, Huilin Huang, Larry K. Berg
Summary: In this study, a two-stage procedure approach is used to identify four weather regimes (WRs) that influence wind resources over North America. The WR-based reconstruction explains up to 40% of the monthly variance of power production over the western United States, and the explanatory power of WRs generally increases with the increase of timescales.
NPJ CLIMATE AND ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Ecology
R. K. Hagmann, P. F. Hessburg, S. J. Prichard, N. A. Povak, P. M. Brown, P. Z. Fule', R. E. Keane, E. E. Knapp, J. M. Lydersen, K. L. Metlen, M. J. Reilly, A. J. Sa'nchez Meador, S. L. Stephens, J. T. Stevens, A. H. Taylor, L. L. Yocom, M. A. Battaglia, D. J. Churchill, L. D. Daniels, D. A. Falk, P. Henson, J. D. Johnston, M. A. Krawchuk, C. R. Levine, G. W. Meigs, A. G. Merschel, M. P. North, H. D. Safford, T. W. Swetnam, A. E. M. Waltz
Summary: Implementation of wildfire- and climate-adaptation strategies in seasonally dry forests of western North America faces constraints and uncertainties due to historic resource and land use changes. Research shows persistent fire deficits, widespread alterations to ecological structures, and increased vulnerability to drought and fire in contemporary conditions. Objectively evaluating ongoing research and monitoring will help differentiate necessary uncertainties for effective adaptation strategies.
ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Fisheries
Neil K. Ashton, Tyler J. Ross, Ryan S. Hardy, Sarah M. Stephenson, Valerie Evans, Nathan R. Jensen, Shawn P. Young, Kenneth D. Cain
Summary: Research shows that Burbot embryos are sensitive to temperature changes between 4.0°C and 5.5°C, with faster rates of warming causing greater harm. Family effects and incubation temperature influence deformity and survival of protolarvae. It is recommended that hydropower operations avoid thermopeaking during winter spawning of Burbot and maintain water temperatures below 3°C for at least the first two weeks.
TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Fisheries
Junxian Zhu, Luo Lei, Chen Chen, Jiansong Li, Yongchang Wang, Congcong Wu, Yakun Wang, Xiaoyou Hong, Xiaoli Liu, Lingyun Yu, Haigang Chen, Chengqing Wei, Yihui Liu, Wei Li, Xinping Zhu
Summary: In this study, a medium-free incubation method for hatching Pelodiscus sinensis eggs was developed and compared with the traditional vermiculite incubation method. The results showed that medium-free incubation did not significantly affect hatching success, body weight, carapace length, carapace width, plastron length, plastron width, and righting response time of P. sinensis compared to the traditional vermiculite incubation. Furthermore, light treatment shortened the incubation period and had negative effects on certain parameters during medium-free incubation. This study also discovered the phenomenon of egg-hatching synchrony in P. sinensis.
AQUACULTURE REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
T. G. Sumithra, S. R. Krupesha Sharma, S. Gayathri, Sanal Ebeneezar, K. J. Reshma, K. K. Anikuttan, G. Iyyapparaja Narasimapallavan, P. Rameshkumar, M. Sakthivel, D. Linga Prabu, G. Tamilmani, P. Vijayagopal, A. Gopalakrishnan
Summary: This study compares the effects of four preservation methods on fish larval microbiome profiles and recommends three reliable preservation methods. It also reveals that the microbiome profiles of ethanol preserved samples at room temperature deviate significantly and suggests the use of alternative preservation methods.
APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Ornithology
Anastasia M. Maliguine, Christopher J. Latty, Elyssa M. Watford, Tuula E. Hollmen
Summary: Determining embryo age is crucial for predicting hatch dates and studying nest behavior of birds. Two common methods, egg candling and egg flotation, are used for estimating embryo age, but there is limited information on their repeatability and equivalence between different observers. This study compared the differences in embryo-age estimates between candling and floating methods, as well as between different observers. The results showed that floating and candling produced different estimates during certain incubation periods, and observers had different estimates for candling but not for floating, suggesting that flotation may be more reliable. Therefore, caution should be exercised when combining data collected using different methods and from multiple observers across incubation stages.
Article
Psychiatry
Jean Addington, Lu Liu, Kali Brummitt, Carrie E. Bearden, Kristin S. Cadenhead, Barbara A. Cornblatt, Matcheri Keshavan, Daniel H. Mathalon, Thomas H. McGlashan, Diana O. Perkins, Larry J. Seidman, William Stone, Ming T. Tsuang, Elaine F. Walker, Scott W. Woods, Tyrone D. Cannon
Summary: This article provides an overview of the methodology of the third phase of the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (NAPLS) consortium, known as NAPLS-3, and presents the demographic information of 710 clinical high-risk participants in NAPLS-3.
SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sam Stroupe, David Forgacs, Andrew Harris, James N. Derr, Brian W. Davis
Summary: In the late nineteenth century, the North American bison population experienced a significant decline, close to extinction. Most surviving bison were maintained by private cattle ranchers and crossed with domestic cattle. Recent whole genome sequencing studies have found multiple historical hybridization events between bison and domestic cattle.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Joshua Mccurry, Jonathan Poterjoy, Kent Knopfmeier, Louis Wicker
Summary: To address the uncertainty of moist convection, a novel Bayesian data assimilation method based on particle filtering is evaluated. Assimilating with particle filtering produces posterior variables that are more consistent with model climatology compared to ensemble Kalman filtering, reducing data assimilation bias. These differences have significant impacts on the dynamic evolution of convective systems and forecast verification scores, with implications for the selection of physical parameterization schemes and parameter estimation in data assimilation frameworks.
MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Tarek Ghazal, Ahmed Elshaer, Haitham Aboshosha
Summary: Due to climate change, the number of extreme wind events is increasing in Canada, making storm shelters a popular life-saving solution. However, current design codes lack specific guidelines for smaller scale storm shelters. This study compares North American design codes with detailed wind simulations conducted through wind tunnel testing, and analyzes critical zones that may exceed code-specified values.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2022)
Article
Fisheries
Timothy J. Bruce, Sinem Gulen, Luke P. Oliver, Jie Ma, Kenneth D. Cain
Article
Fisheries
Timothy J. Bruce, Jie Ma, Evan M. Jones, Brent M. Vuglar, Luke P. Oliver, Kenneth D. Cain
Summary: The study highlights the high virulence of certain strains of F. psychrophilum in Atlantic salmon and brook trout, providing valuable information for the development of therapies and vaccines against these infections and demonstrating the reproducibility of the experimental challenge model.
JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Fisheries
Timothy J. Bruce, Jie Ma, Ponnerassery S. Sudheesh, Kenneth D. Cain
Summary: The study found that the wild-type CSF-259-93 strain increased the production of FITB and FR 1 after exposure to iron-limiting media for 72 hours and 96 hours. In contrast, the vaccine strain B.17 showed a downregulation in SS expression at 72 hours. Furthermore, compared with the wild-type strain, B.17 exhibited elevated expressions of FITB, FR1, and SS at 0 hours, while TBomr1 had lower expression at 96 hours.
JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Fisheries
Luke P. Oliver, Joseph T. Evavold, Kenneth D. Cain
Summary: The intensive commercial production of burbot fingerlings relies on consistent supply of eggs and larvae throughout the year, which can be achieved by successfully spawning burbot outside their natural spawning season through manipulation of temperature and photoperiod. The study found that out-of-season spawning of burbot was successful, with no significant differences in egg production, fertilization, or larval growth and survival compared to in-season spawning. This method could be an important tool for ensuring a reliable supply of burbot fingerlings for commercial production.
Article
Fisheries
Neil K. Ashton, Tyler J. Ross, Ryan S. Hardy, Sarah M. Stephenson, Valerie Evans, Nathan R. Jensen, Shawn P. Young, Kenneth D. Cain
Summary: Research shows that Burbot embryos are sensitive to temperature changes between 4.0°C and 5.5°C, with faster rates of warming causing greater harm. Family effects and incubation temperature influence deformity and survival of protolarvae. It is recommended that hydropower operations avoid thermopeaking during winter spawning of Burbot and maintain water temperatures below 3°C for at least the first two weeks.
TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Fisheries
Timothy J. Bruce, Luke P. Oliver, Jie Ma, Brian C. Small, Ronald W. Hardy, Michael L. Brown, Steven R. Craig, Kenneth D. Cain
Summary: The study demonstrated that replacing 25% of fishmeal with soybean meal can improve growth performance in burbot without adverse effects on their intestine, disease resistance, or innate immune function.
Article
Immunology
Jie Ma, Elisa Casadei, Timothy J. Bruce, Ali Sepahi, Kenneth D. Cain, Irene Salinas
Summary: This study evaluated the efficacy and immune responses of two different vaccines at 6 and 12 months post-vaccination. The findings suggest that nasal vaccination with a live attenuated viral vaccine provides long-lasting protection, while nasal ERM vaccination does not. Booster vaccination before 6 months post-vaccination is recommended.
Article
Fisheries
Jacob W. Bledsoe, Jia Ma, Ken Cain, Timothy J. Bruce, Anna Rawles, Jason Abernathy, Tom Welker, Ken Overturf
Summary: This study compared the transcriptomic responses of three improved strains of rainbow trout fry during infection with IHNV. The results showed significant differences in IHNV resistance among the strains, with the PSel strain exhibiting a stronger immune response. The study also identified different gene expression responses to IHNV infection among the strains.
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Fisheries
Evan M. Jones, Luke P. Oliver, Jie Ma, Robine H. J. Leeuwis, Veronica Myrsell, Mary R. Arkoosh, Joseph P. Dietrich, Cameron M. Schuster, Matt Hawkyard, A. Kurt Gamperl, Kenneth D. Cain
Summary: A monoclonal antibody specific to sablefish IgM was produced and demonstrated its usefulness in studying antibody-mediated immunity, vaccine development, and aquaculture efforts for this fish species. The antibody, UI-25A, can recognize membrane-bound IgM and identify immunogenic regions of A. salmonicida.
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Fisheries
Tifani R. R. Watson, Timothy J. J. Bruce, Jie Ma, Kenneth D. D. Cain
Summary: This study evaluated the virulence and challenge route of R. salmoninarum strains in Rainbow Trout. The results showed that fish exposed to CK-90 strain via immersion did not exhibit mortality compared to those injected with CK-90 or ATCC 33739 strains. Therefore, the immersion challenge method was ineffective in inducing mortality.
JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH
(2023)
Editorial Material
Fisheries
Kenneth Cain
JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Fisheries
Luke P. Oliver, Timothy J. Bruce, Jie Ma, Evan M. Jones, Kenneth D. Cain
Summary: Burbot have high economic value, low temperature requirements, and fast growth rate, making them a good candidate for cool or cold-water aquaculture. However, limited information exists on the immune systems of this species due to a lack of species-specific tools. In this study, an anti-IgM monoclonal antibody was developed and used to measure the specific antibody response of burbot following exposure to two pathogenic strains. The results demonstrate that the antibody specifically recognized burbot IgM and will be useful in characterizing the immune responses of this fish species.
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Fisheries
Jie Ma, Jesse T. Trushenski, Evan M. Jones, Timothy J. Bruce, Doug G. McKenney, Gael Kurath, Kenneth D. Cain
Summary: This study explores the maternal immunity in rainbow trout aquaculture, showing that vaccination of broodstock can reduce mortality in offspring from viral and bacterial diseases.
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Fisheries
Luke P. Oliver, Timothy J. Bruce, Sinem Gulen, Evan M. Jones, Brent M. Vuglar, Michael L. Brown, Kenneth D. Cain
Summary: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of soy products on the growth and gastric evacuation of Burbot, as well as their digestibility. The results showed that soy protein is highly digestible in Burbot and can replace up to 25% of fish meal in the diet without impacting growth performance.
NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Jie Ma, Veronica L. Myrsell, Joseph Dietrich, Kenneth D. Cain
Summary: The complete genome sequence of an atypical A. salmonicida strain T30 isolated from sablefish has been presented, providing insights into the bacterium's role in marine aquaculture.
MICROBIOLOGY RESOURCE ANNOUNCEMENTS
(2023)