Article
Biology
Amol Bhandare, Joseph van de Wiel, Reno Roberts, Ingke Braren, Robert Huckstepp, Nicholas Dale
Summary: Regulation of systemic PCO2 is a life-preserving mechanism. The RTN, Raphe, and pF(L) in the medulla oblongata play important roles in CO2 chemosensory and respiratory adaptive changes in awake adult mice during hypercapnia. The activity of these nuclei differs in temporal characteristics and CO2 sensitivity, suggesting coordinated generation of adaptive ventilatory responses.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jonathan Trevorrow Clark, Anindya Ganguly, Jadrian Ejercito, Matthew Luy, Anupama Dahanukar, Anandasankar Ray
Summary: Basic volatiles like ammonia have an inhibitory effect on olfactory and gustatory receptor neurons in fruit flies and mosquitoes, preventing them from firing action potentials to their ligands. This inhibition is accompanied by an increase in calcium in antennal cells. The concentration at which these neurons are inhibited also reduces the response to attractive ligands and attraction to human skin odor. These findings have implications for insect control.
Review
Pediatrics
Xu Zhang, Hongxiang Wang, Fan Hong, Tao Xu, Juxiang Chen
Summary: Teratoma in the medulla oblongata is extremely rare and can cause severe brain stem compression and potentially fatal impairment. Surgical removal followed by continuous rehabilitation is the preferred treatment, with good outcomes in terms of mobility and prevention of local recurrence.
FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS
(2021)
Article
Neuroimaging
Giammarco Milella, Alessandro Introna, Alma Ghirelli, Domenico Maria Mezzapesa, Ucci Maria, Eustachio D'Errico, Angela Fraddosio, Isabella Laura Simone
Summary: Unconventional MRI studies of the brainstem have shown lower volumes of medulla oblongata and pons in ALS patients compared to healthy controls, with medulla oblongata volume being a potential early predictor of survival. There are correlations between lower ALSFRS-r score and atrophy in specific regions of the brainstem, as well as differences in brainstem volumes between spinal and bulbar onset ALS subgroups.
NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Arunnjah Vivekanandarajah, Morgan E. Nelson, Hannah C. Kinney, Amy J. Elliott, Rebecca D. Folkerth, Hoa Tran, Jacob Cotton, Perri Jacobs, Megan Minter, Kristin McMillan, Jhodie R. Duncan, Kevin G. Broadbelt, Kathryn Schissler, Hein J. Odendaal, Jyoti Angal, Lucy Brink, Elsie H. Burger, Jean A. Coldrey, Johan Dempers, Theonia K. Boyd, William P. Fifer, Elaine Geldenhuys, Coen Groenewald, Ingrid A. Holm, Michael M. Myers, Bradley Randall, Pawel Schubert, Mary Ann Sens, Colleen A. Wright, Drucilla J. Roberts, Laura Nelsen, Shabbir Wadee, Dan Zaharie, Robin L. Haynes
Summary: Pre-natal exposure to nicotine and alcohol are known risk factors for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), with this study showing decreased nicotinic receptor binding in the brainstems of SIDS infants compared to infants who died from other known causes. The study also found a significant decrease in binding in relation to maternal smoking, but no effect of maternal drinking on nicotinic receptor binding.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biophysics
Yuqian Zhang, Nan Jiang, Ali K. Yetisen
Summary: Brain neurochemical monitoring utilizing microfabricated electrochemical and optical spectroscopy sensing technologies enables continuous and accurate measurements of brain biomarkers, facilitating advancements in neuroscience for clinical applications. Recent progress in sampling, electrochemistry, and optical spectroscopy for brain neurochemical monitoring is highlighted, addressing existing gaps and future directions for designing industry standard devices.
BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hongwei Zhao, Yiqiang Li, Yibo Zhang, Chi Zhang
Summary: Electrical brain stimulation technology is commonly used to treat brain neurological disorders, but it can cause side effects. This study investigated the impact of electric fields on nerve fibers and revealed the possible origin of side effects. The findings provide guidance for selecting electrical parameters in clinical stimulation therapy.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2024)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Jihyun Kim, Danbee Kwon, Sung-Soo Kim, Kichang Lee, Hakyoung Yoon
Summary: The measurement of brainstem diameters in small-breed dogs and its correlation with age, body weight, and body condition score were investigated in this study. Magnetic resonance images of 544 small-breed dogs were evaluated, and the height and width of the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata were measured. The results showed significant correlations between brainstem diameters and age and body weight, providing important clinical value in assessing abnormal conditions of the brainstem in small-breed dogs.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Fergane Memmedova, Semra Ari Sevingil, Ulviyyat Jafarova, Gizem Cifter, Ozlem Aykac, Atilla Ozcan Ozdemir
Summary: This study retrospectively analyzed the clinical progression rates in patients with medulla oblongata infarction and compared the results between different subtypes. The findings suggest that life-threatening clinical progressions may occur in patients diagnosed with medulla oblongata infarction during the early treatment process.
CLINICAL NEUROLOGY AND NEUROSURGERY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Janine-Ai Schlaeppi, Lukas Andereggen, Andreas Nowacki, Claudio Pollo
Summary: This report discusses a stereotactic posterior and midline approach for biopsy of distal and posterior brainstem lesions. Special attention should be paid to avoid bilateral damage of the X nerve nuclei. The use of direct microscopic view is recommended for identifying medullary vessels and confirming entry points to prevent potential medullary shift.
ACTA NEUROCHIRURGICA
(2021)
Editorial Material
Clinical Neurology
Tian Lan, Gang Song, Jiantao Liang
Summary: Hemangioblastoma, especially medulla oblongata hemangioblastoma, presents a great challenge for neurosurgeons. Surgical resection is the recommended treatment option, but removing a huge solid tumor without neurologic dysfunction remains elusive. This case demonstrates the successful resection of a large medulla oblongata hemangioblastoma using blunt and sharp dissection, as well as appropriate traction.
WORLD NEUROSURGERY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Katsuyuki Yamaguchi
Summary: The study found that in the human hypoglossal nucleus, the volume increases exponentially with age, while the number and profile area of neurons change almost simultaneously, with occasional neuron degeneration at certain stages.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Katsuyuki Yamaguchi, Takuya Yazawa
Summary: This study provides morphometric data on the development of the human medullary arcuate nucleus (AN) by examining the brains of preterm and perinatal infants. The results show that AN morphology demonstrates asymmetry and individual variability during the fetal period. The volume and neuronal number of AN increase exponentially with age, while neuronal density decreases exponentially. The AN may undergo neuron death and neuroblasts production after mid-gestation.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Oncology
In-Ho Jung, Kyung W. Chang, So H. Park, Ju H. Moon, Eui H. Kim, Hyun H. Jung, Seok-Gu Kang, Jong H. Chang, Jin W. Chang, Won S. Chang
Summary: This study retrospectively reviewed 42 adult patients who underwent stereotactic biopsy on brainstem lesions and found a high success rate in obtaining histopathological diagnoses. Changes in diagnosis and treatment plans were observed after biopsy, with no operative mortality among the patients.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Jin-Jin Lu, Wan-Zhe Yuan, Yong-Ping Zhu, Shao-Hua Hou, Xiao-Jia Wang
Summary: The study investigated latent infection with wild-type (wt) PRV and also infection due to the use of live attenuated vaccines on farms. Results showed that PRV DNA fragments were found in the brain tissues of pigs, indicating that live vaccines and wild-type viruses co-exist and may pose potential safety risks to the pig husbandry industry.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cecilia Skoug, Cecilia Holm, Joao M. N. Duarte
Summary: HSL is present in the brain and plays a role in regulating memory and lipid metabolism. HSL-null mice showed impaired memory and changes in lipid profiles, as well as mild inflammation.
JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Zeinab Rafiee, Alba M. Garcia-Serrano, Joao M. N. Duarte
Summary: Obesity, type 2 diabetes, and their associated comorbidities can impact brain metabolism and function, potentially leading to cognitive impairment. Alterations in taurine homeostasis may play a role in metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders. Accumulation of taurine in the brain could serve as a compensatory mechanism to prevent neurodegeneration.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cecilia Skoug, Isak Martinsson, Gunnar K. Gouras, Anja Meissner, Joao M. N. Duarte
Summary: The study found that S1PR2 and S1PR4 receptors are located in the active zone of nerve terminals and inhibit neuronal activity. These receptors have control over spontaneous neuronal activity. Future research needs to further explore whether these receptors regulate stimulation-induced neurotransmitter release.
NEUROCHEMICAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Joao M. N. Duarte
Summary: This study highlights the effects of eliminating serine racemase on insulin production in hippocampal neurons and discusses the potential role of insulin in counteracting insulin resistance in Alzheimer's disease. However, further experiments are needed to determine the effectiveness of D-serine modulation in improving insulin sensitivity in AD and other metabolic diseases with neurological impact.
JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Julien Songeon, Sebastien Courvoisier, Lijing Xin, Thomas Agius, Oscar Dabrowski, Alban Longchamp, Francois Lazeyras, Antoine Klauser
Summary: This study introduces a new artificial intelligence framework, 31P-SPAWNN, for analyzing phosphorus-31 (P-31) magnetic resonance spectra. The experiment demonstrates the reliability and accuracy of 31P-SPAWNN in estimating metabolite concentrations and spectral parameters. It also shows that 31P-SPAWNN has improved quantification and processing time compared to traditional methods.
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anja Meissner, Alba M. Garcia-Serrano, Lotte Vanherle, Zeinab Rafiee, Nicholas Don-Doncow, Cecilia Skoug, Sara Larsson, Michael Gottschalk, Martin Magnusson, Joao M. N. Duarte
Summary: Excess dietary salt impairs cerebral blood flow and metabolism in the brain, and reducing salt intake may partially reverse these effects. A study on mice showed that a high-salt diet reduced blood flow in the cortex and hippocampus, but this recovered after switching to a normal-salt diet. High-salt diet also altered metabolite profiles in the hippocampus. Only the levels of glutamine were fully restored after dietary salt normalization. Additionally, high-salt diet caused permanent structural changes in the dendritic arborization and spine density of cortical and hippocampal neurons, which were not reversed after reducing salt intake.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Yang Wen, Chuan Zhou, Leiting Chen, Yu Deng, Martine Cleusix, Raoul Jenni, Philippe Conus, Kim Q. Do, Lijing Xin
Summary: In this study, a multi-task deep learning framework was used to improve the classification accuracy of early psychosis. The framework combined structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) with cognitive assessment, achieving a high accuracy rate.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Amra Jujic, Joao P. P. Vieira, Hana Matuskova, Peter M. Nilsson, Ulf Lindblad, Michael H. Olsen, Joao M. N. Duarte, Anja Meissner, Martin Magnusson
Summary: Epidemiological studies have found associations between plasma galectin-4 (Gal-4) levels and diabetes as well as coronary artery disease. However, there is a lack of data on the association between plasma Gal-4 and stroke. This study investigated the association between plasma Gal-4 and prevalent stroke in a population-based cohort, as well as the response of plasma Gal-4 to ischemic stroke in mice fed a high-fat diet.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Daniella Dwir, Ines Khadimallah, Lijing Xin, Meredith Rahman, Fei Du, Dost Ongur, Kim Q. Do
Summary: Redox biology and immune signaling are important in brain function and are implicated in neuropsychiatric conditions such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, autism, and epilepsy. This article reviews the literature on these topics, discusses their implications for the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, and explores the potential for novel treatment interventions targeting redox and immune signaling.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Daniel Wenz, Lijing Xin, Thomas Dardano, Andre Kuehne
Summary: The dipolectric antenna, a novel RF coil design for high-field MRI, is introduced by combining a dipole antenna with a loop-coupled dielectric resonator antenna. Simulations and experiments were conducted using different channel dipolectric antenna arrays in human voxel model Duke. Results show that the dipolectric antenna array provides higher SNR performance compared to commercial head coils, and the dipole-only mode demonstrates the best transmit performance. The dipolectric antenna shows promise in enhancing SNR in human brain MRI at 7 T and can be used to develop novel multi-channel arrays for various high-field MRI applications.
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kate Merritt, Robert McCutcheon, Andre Aleman, Sarah Ashley, Katherine Beck, Wolfgang Block, Oswald J. N. Bloemen, Faith Borgan, Christiana Boules, Juan R. Bustillo, Aristides Capizzano, Jennifer Q. Coughlin, Anthony David, Camilo de la Fuente-Sandoval, Arsime Demjaha, Kara Dempster, Kim Do, Fei E. Du, Peter Falkai, Beata Galinska-Skok, Juergen Gallinat, Charles Gasparovic, Cedric E. Ginestet, Naoki Goto, Ariel Graff-Guerrero, Beng-Choon Ho, Oliver Howes, Sameer Jauhar, Peter Jeon, Tadafumi Kato, Charles A. Kaufmann, Lawrence S. Kegeles, Matcheri S. Keshavan, Sang-Young Kim, Bridget King, Hiroshi Kunugi, J. Lauriello, Pablo Leon-Ortiz, Edith Liemburg, Meghan Mcilwain, Gemma Modinos, Elias Mouchlianitis, Jun Nakamura, Igor Nenadic, Dost Ongur, Miho Ota, Lena E. Palaniyappan, Christos Pantelis, Tulsi F. Patel, Eric Plitman, Sotirios R. Posporelis, Scot Purdon, Juergen R. Reichenbach, Perry C. Renshaw, Francisco Reyes-Madrigal, Bruce A. Russell, Akira Sawa, Martin Schaefer, Dikoma C. Shungu, Stefan Smesny, Jeffrey Stanley, James G. Stone, Agata Szulc, Reggie Taylor, Katharine N. Thakkar, Jean J. Theberge, Philip Tibbo, Therese van Amelsvoort, Jerzy Walecki, Peter Williamson, Stephen Wood, Lijing Xin, Hidenori Yamasue, Philip K. McGuire, Alice Egerton
Summary: This study conducted meta-analyses and found that patients with schizophrenia have greater variability in glutamate metabolites compared to controls in various brain regions, and age and symptoms also influence individual variability.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Letter
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Victor Casula, Jouni Karjalainen, Vladimir Mlynarik, Timo Liimatainen, Matti Hanni, Edwin H. G. Oei, Mikko J. Nissi, Miika T. Nieminen
JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Radek Skupienski, Pascal Steullet, Kim Q. Do, Lijing Xin
Summary: Defects in metabolic regulation, oxidative stress, and membrane dysfunction are implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Understanding the developmental trajectory and interaction of these components is crucial for new preventive and treatment strategies. This study investigated the neurodevelopment of an SZ animal model and found alterations in redox state, energy metabolism, and neurotransmitters, providing insights into potential treatment targets for at-risk individuals and other neurodevelopmental disorders.
TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Joao P. P. Vieira, Filip Ottosson, Amra Jujic, Vladimir Denisov, Martin Magnusson, Olle Melander, Joao M. N. Duarte
Summary: Combining LC-MS and NMR techniques improves the discrimination of metabolic disease development, including those induced by a high-fat diet. The study confirms that metabolic pathways in mice affected by high-fat diet also impact diabetes in humans.
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Zhiwei Huang, Giulio Gambarota, Ying Xiao, Daniel Wenz, Lijing Xin
Summary: The purpose of this study was to measure the apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) of major phosphorous metabolites in the human calf muscle at 7T using a diffusion-weighted (DW)-STEAM sequence. The ADC values of four phosphorous metabolites were successfully measured, providing a pathway for investigating the diffusion properties of phosphorous metabolites in health and disease on clinical MR scanners.
MAGNETIC RESONANCE MATERIALS IN PHYSICS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2023)
