Article
Clinical Neurology
Anna Ramos, Waldo R. Guerrero, Natalia Perez de la Ossa
Summary: This article reviews the importance of prehospital organization in the treatment of acute stroke, emphasizing the need for rapid treatment of large vessel occlusion. It also discusses different prehospital transfer protocols that may improve treatment outcomes.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Kori S. Zachrison, Victoria M. Nielsen, Natalia Perez de la Ossa, Tracy E. Madsen, Rebecca E. Cash, Remle P. Crowe, Erika C. Odom, Edward C. Jauch, Opeolu M. Adeoye, Christopher T. Richards
Summary: Prehospital factors play a critical role in acute stroke care and patient outcomes. This review discusses the current state of prehospital components of stroke systems of care, including layperson recognition of stroke, transport strategies, networked care, data integration, and inequities within systems.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Mimmi Sjoo, Annika Berglund, Christina Sjostrand, Einar E. Eriksson, Michael Mazya
Summary: This study compared the characteristics between triage-positive stroke mimics and stroke and triage-negative stroke mimics and stroke, and investigated the distribution of stroke mimic diagnoses between triage-positive and triage-negative cases. The results showed that patients with triage-positive stroke mimics were younger and had less severe symptoms compared to patients with stroke. Over-triage of functional paresis to the comprehensive stroke center was relatively common, while the majority of cases with minor symptoms caused by stroke mimics were correctly triaged to the nearest stroke center.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Christopher T. T. Richards, J. Adam Oostema, Sherita N. N. Chapman, Lauren E. E. Mamer, Ethan S. S. Brandler, Anne W. W. Alexandrov, Alexandra L. L. Czap, Juan Carlos Martinez-Gutierrez, Christian Martin-Gill, Ashish R. R. Panchal, Jason T. T. McMullan, Kori S. S. Zachrison
Summary: This topical review discusses the current state of prehospital acute stroke screening and transport, as well as new and emerging advances in prehospital diagnosis and treatment of acute stroke. Topics include prehospital stroke screening, stroke severity screening, emerging technologies to aid in the identification and diagnosis of acute stroke in the prehospital setting, prenotification of receiving emergency departments, decision support for destination determination, and the capabilities and opportunities for prehospital stroke treatment in mobile stroke units. Further evidence-based guideline development and implementation of new technologies are critical for ongoing improvements in prehospital stroke care.
Article
Emergency Medicine
Madison Daly, Cori Cummings, Miles Kittell, Amy Dubuque, Laurel Plante, Guillermo Linares, Daniel Wolfson
Summary: This study assessed the inter-rater reliability of EMS and EDMD FAST-ED scores in a rural EMS system. The results showed moderate reliability between EMS and EDMD scores when using FAST-ED cut-points <4 and ≥4. The sensitivity and specificity for predicting LVO varied at different score thresholds, with comparable values between EMS and EDMD.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Abdullah Alruwaili, Amir Khorram-Manesh, Amila Ratnayake, Yohan Robinson, Krzysztof Goniewicz
Summary: The deployment and practice of prehospital intensive care units for trauma care present complexities and challenges globally. Countries need to achieve specific milestones in education, competency, resource availability, and performance to effectively harness the potential of this advanced care modality.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Ali Reza Noorian
Summary: Advances in acute stroke treatment, such as pharmacologic and endovascular revascularization, have improved functional outcomes. Initiatives like stroke systems of care aim to provide faster and more efficient care, with prehospital care playing a crucial role in triaging patients accurately. New technologies, including mobile stroke units and telemedicine, offer options for optimizing this emergent process.
SEMINARS IN NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Elin Wiebert, Annika Berglund, Christina Sjoestrand, Einar E. Eriksson, Michael V. Mazya
Summary: The Stockholm Stroke Triage System (SSTS) showed equal predictive performance for LAO and EVT among men and women, despite minor differences in clinical characteristics between sexes, such as age and frequency of stroke mimics in women.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Anesthesiology
Lauri Koskela, Lasse Raatiniemi, Ari Ehrola, Timo Kaakinen, Sanna Lahtinen, Janne Liisanantti
Summary: This study assessed the prehospital evaluation of poisoned patients transported to hospital. The findings showed that dispatch centres accurately suspected poisonings, while EMS providers' failure to recognize poisoning may be linked with intravenous fluid resuscitation and decreased patient consciousness.
ACTA ANAESTHESIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Stefan Krebs, Marek Sykora, Mario Krammel, Michael Girsa, Alexander Auer, Stefan Greisenegger, Christian Neumann, Roland Beisteiner, Wilfried Lang, Dominik Roth
Summary: The Austrian Prehospital Stroke Scale (APSS) is an accurate tool for predicting large vessel occlusion (LVO) in stroke patients and improving prehospital transportation triage. Implementing APSS triage led to a significant increase in the direct transportation rate for LVO patients and resulted in time benefits, without significant differences in neurological and radiological outcomes.
ACTA NEUROLOGICA SCANDINAVICA
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Laura C. C. van Meenen, Maritta N. van Stigt, Arjen Siegers, Martin D. Smeekes, Joffry A. F. van Grondelle, Geertje Geuzebroek, Henk A. Marquering, Charles B. L. M. Majoie, Yvo B. W. E. M. Roos, Johannes H. T. M. Koelman, Wouter V. Potters, Jonathan M. Coutinho
Summary: A reliable and fast instrument for prehospital detection of large vessel occlusion (LVO) stroke is crucial for stroke care. Electroencephalography may be a suitable method for this purpose, as it has shown good diagnostic accuracy for LVO stroke in in-hospital studies.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Aravind Ganesh, Ruben M. van de Wijdeven, Johanna M. Ospel, Martijne H. C. Duvekot, Esmee Venema, Anouk D. Rozeman, Walid Moudrous, Kirsten R. I. S. Dorresteijn, Jan-Hein Hensen, Adriaan C. G. M. van Es, Aad van der Lugt, Henk Kerkhoff, Diederik W. J. Dippel, Mayank Goyal, Bob Roozenbeek
Summary: This study evaluated the diagnostic performance of 8 commonly-used prehospital stroke scales in identifying anterior circulation large vessel occlusion (aLVO) across the spectrum of deficit severity. The results showed varying performance of these scales, with low sensitivity and positive predictive value in mild to intermediate deficits, and poor specificity, negative predictive value, and accuracy in moderate to severe deficits. The study highlights the importance of considering the severity of deficits when assessing the performance of prehospital stroke scales.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Tim Alex Lindskou, Logan Morgan Ward, Morten Breinholt Sovso, Mads Lause Mogensen, Erika Frischknecht Christensen
Summary: This study aimed to validate the predictive ability of early warning scores (EWSs) for mortality and ICU stay in a cohort of adult patients who used ambulances. The study found that EWSs performed moderately in predicting outcomes among unselected patients who used ambulances in the prehospital setting. The findings suggest the need for new and improved EWSs suitable for prehospital use.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Tove Almqvist, Anna Falk Delgado, Christina Sjoestrand, Niaz Ahmed, Annika Berglund, Einar Eriksson, Michael V. Mazya
Summary: The implementation of the Stockholm Stroke Triage System (SSTS) did not significantly affect the timing and outcomes of acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) neurosurgery. However, it successfully directed more patients with neurosurgical indications to the comprehensive stroke center.
THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES IN NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hanna Schroeder, Stefan K. Beckers, Klaudia Ogrodzki, Christina Borgs, Sebastian Ziemann, Andreas Follmann, Rolf Rossaint, Marc Felzen
Summary: This study analyzed teleconsultations during life-threatening missions over a four-year period to evaluate the impact on patient care. The findings showed that teleconsultation during missions involving potentially life-threatening conditions can significantly improve patients' vital signs.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Jessica L. L. Rohmann, Marco Piccininni, Martin Ebinger, Matthias Wendt, Joachim E. E. Weber, Eugen Schwabauer, Frederik Geisler, Erik Freitag, Peter Harmel, Irina Lorenz-Meyer, Ira Rohrpasser-Napierkowski, Christian H. H. Nolte, Darius G. G. Nabavi, Ingo Schmehl, Axel Ekkernkamp, Matthias Endres, Heinrich J. J. Audebert
Summary: This study used data from the B_PROUD study in Berlin to examine the effect of additional mobile stroke unit (MSU) dispatch on functional outcomes among all stroke patients. The results showed that MSU dispatch was associated with improved 3-month functional outcomes, without any significant association with the primary disability scale or 7-day mortality.
ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Hebun Erdur, Joachim E. Weber, Anselm Angermaier, Stephan Kinze, Ali Sotoodeh, Claudia Gorski, Kerstin Bollweg, Stefanie Ernst, Farid Kandil, Janina Behrens, Ramanan Ganeshan, Anne Keysers, Malgorzata Kotlarz-Boettcher, Daniel Peters, Ludwig Schlemm, Kirsten Stangenberg-Gliss, Carl Witt, Beata Hennig, Katrin C. Reber, Udo Schneider, Christiana Franke, Ingo Schmehl, Hans-Beatus Straub, Agnes Floeel, Sarah Theen, Matthias Endres, Tobias Kurth, Heinrich J. Audebert
Summary: Implementing a multicomponent system-of-care can reduce the risk of poor outcomes in stroke patients.
ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Ana Sofia Oliveira Goncalves, Jessica L. Rohmann, Marco Piccininni, Tobias Kurth, Martin Ebinger, Matthias Endres, Erik Freitag, Peter Harmel, Irina Lorenz-Meyer, Ira Rohrpasser-Napierkowski, Reinhard Busse, Heinrich J. Audebert
Summary: The study assessed the cost-utility and cost-effectiveness of additional mobile stroke unit (MSU) dispatch in ischemic stroke patients eligible for recanalizing treatments. Results showed that MSU dispatch increased costs but also improved quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), and it was considered cost-effective according to internationally accepted thresholds.
ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Hematology
Christopher M. Arends, Thomas G. Liman, Paulina M. Strzelecka, Anna Kufner, Pelle Loewe, Shufan Huo, Catarina M. Stein, Sophie K. Piper, Marlon Tilgner, Pia S. Sperber, Savvina Dimitriou, Peter U. Heuschmann, Raphael Hablesreiter, Christoph Harms, Lars Bullinger, Joachim E. Weber, Matthias Endres, Frederik Damm
Summary: Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) is common among older people and is associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis, inflammation, and shorter overall survival. This study investigated CH in patients with first-ever ischemic stroke and found that CH is associated with an increased risk of recurrent vascular events and death.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Joao Pedro Marto, Davide N. Strambo, George Ntaios, Thanh Nguyen, Roman Herzig, Anna Czlonkowska, Jelle Demeestere, Ossama Yassin Mansour, Alexander Salerno, Susanne W. Wegener, Philipp Baumgartner, Carlo Cereda, Giovanni Bianco, Morin Beyeler, Marcel Arnold, Emmanuel Carrera, Paolo Machi, Valerian Altersberger, Leo Bonati, Henrik Gensicke, Manuel Bolognese, Nils Peters, Stephan Wetzel, Marta Magrico, Joao Nuno Ramos, Joao Sargento-Freitas, Rita Machado, Carolina Maia, Egidio Machado, Ana Paiva Nunes, Patricia Ferreira, Teresa Pinho e Melo, Mariana Carvalho Dias, Andre Paula, Manuel Alberto Correia, Pedro Castro, Elsa Azevedo, Luis Albuquerque, Jose Nuno Alves, Joana Ferreira-Pinto, Torcato Meira, Liliana Pereira, Miguel Rodrigues, Andre Pinho Araujo, Marta Rodrigues, Mariana Rocha, Angelo Pereira-Fonseca, Luis Ribeiro, Ricardo Varela, Sofia Malheiro, Manuel Cappellari, Cecilia Zivelonghi, Giulia Sajeva, Andrea Zini, Mauro Gentile, Stefano Forlivesi, Ludovica Migliaccio, Maria Sessa, Sara La Gioia, Alessandro Pezzini, Davide Sangalli, Marialuisa Zedde, Rosario Pascarella, Carlo Ferrarese, Simone Beretta, Susanna Diamanti, Ghil Schwarz, Giovanni Frisullo, Simona Marcheselli, Pierre Seners, Candice Sabben, Simon Escalard, Michel Piotin, Benjamin Maier, Guillaume Charbonnier, Fabrice Vuillier, Loic R. Legris, Pauline Cuisenier, Francesca Vodret, Gaultier Marnat, Jean-Sebastien Liegey, Igor Sibon, Fabian Flottmann, Gabriel O. Broocks, Nils-Ole Gloyer, Ferdinand Bohmann, Jan Hendrik J. Schaefer, Christian Nolte, Heinrich Audebert, Eberhard Siebert, Marek Sykora, Wilfried Lang, Julia Ferrari, Lukas Mayer-Suess, Michael Knoflach, Elke Ruth J. Gizewski, Jeffrey M. Stolp, Lotte Stolze, Jonathan Coutinho, Paul Nederkoorn, Ido van den Wijngaard, Joke De Meris, Robin Lemmens, Sylvie De Raedt, Fenne Vandervorst, Matthieu Pierre Rutgers, Antoine Guilmot, Anne Dusart, Flavio Bellante, Patricia Calleja-Castano, Fernando Ostos, Guillermo Gonzalez-Ortega, Paloma Martin-Jimenez, Sebastian Garcia-Madrona, Antonio Cruz-Culebras, Rocio Vera, Maria Consuelo Matute, Blanca Fuentes, Maria Alonso-de-Lecinana, Ricardo Rigual, Exuperio Diez-Tejedor, Soledad Perez-Sanchez, Joan Montaner, Fernando Diaz-Otero, Natalia Perez-de-la-Ossa, Belen Flores-Pina, Lucia Munoz-Narbona, Angel Chamorro, Alejandro Rodriguez-Vazquez, Arturo Renu, Oscar Ayo-Martin, Francisco Hernandez-Fernandez, Tomas Segura, Herbert Tejada-Meza, Daniel Sagarra-Mur, Marta Serrano-Ponz, Thant Hlaing, Isaiah See, Robert Simister, David Werring, Espen Saxhaug Kristoffersen, Annika Nordanstig, Katarina Jood, Alexandros Rentzos, Libor Simunek, Dagmar Krajickova, Antonin Krajina, Robert Mikulik, Martina Cvikova, Jan Vinklarek, David Skoloudik, Martin Roubec, Eva Hurtikova, Rostislav Hruby, Svatopluk Ostry, Ondrej Skoda, Marek Pernicka, Lubomir Jurak, Zuzana Eichlova, Martin Jira, Martin Kovar, Michal Pansky, Pavel Mencl, Hana Palouskova, Ales Tomek, Petr Jansky, Anna Olserova, Martin Sramek, Roman Havlicek, Petr Maly, Lukas Trakal, Jan Fiksa, Matej Slovak, Michal Adam Karlinski, Maciej Nowak, Halina Sienkiewicz-Jarosz, Anna Bochynska, Pawel Wrona, Tomasz Homa, Katarzyna Sawczynska, Agnieszka Slowik, Ewa Wlodarczyk, Marcin Wiacek, Izabella Tomaszewska-Lampart, Bartosz Sieczkowski, Halina Bartosik-Psujek, Marta Bilik, Anna Bandzarewicz, Malgorzata Dorobek, Justyna Zielinska-Turek, Marta Nowakowska-Kotas, Krystian Obara, Pawel Urbanowski, Slawomir Budrewicz, Maciej Guzinski, Milena Switonska, Iwona Rutkowska, Paulina M. Sobieszak-Skura, Beata Labuz-Roszak, Aleksander Debiec, Jacek Staszewski, Adam Stepien, Jacek Zwiernik, Grzegorz Wasilewski, Cristina Tiu, Elena Oana Terecoasa, Razvan Alexandru Radu, Anca Negrila, Bogdan Dorobat, Cristina Panea, Vlad Tiu, Simona Petrescu, Atilla Ozdemir, Mostafa Mahmoud, Hussam El-Samahy, Hazem Abdelkhalek, Jasem Al-Hashel, Ismail Ibrahim Ismail, Athari Salmeen, Abdoreza Ghoreishi, Sergiu Ionut Sabetay, Hana Gross, Piers Klein, Mohamad Abdalkader, Pascal Jabbour, Kareem El Naamani, Stavropoula Tjoumakaris, Rawad A. Abbas, Ghada Mohamed, Alex Chebl, Jiangyong Min, Majesta P. Hovingh, Jenney Tsai, Muhib Khan, Krishna Nalleballe, Sanjeeva Onteddu, Hesham Masoud, Mina Michael, Navreet Kaur, Laith G. Maali, Michael Abraham, Priyank Khandelwal, Ivo Bach, Melody Ong, Denis M. Babici, Ayaz Khawaja, Maryam Hakemi, Kumar Rajamani, Vanessa Cano-Nigenda, Antonio Arauz, Pablo Amaya, Natalia Llanos, Akemi Arango, Miguel Angel Vences, Jose Dominguo Barrientos Guerra, Rayllene Caetano, Rodrigo Targa Martins, Sergio Daniel Scollo, Patrick Matic Yalung, Shashank Nagendra, Abhijit Gaikwad, Kwon-Duk Seo, Georgios G. Georgiopoulos, Raul Nogueira, Patrik Michel
Summary: This retrospective study evaluated the safety and outcomes of revascularization treatments in patients with acute ischemic stroke and COVID-19. COVID-19 patients had higher rates of intracranial bleeding complications and worse clinical outcomes after treatment compared to non-COVID-19 patients.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Tim Bastian Braemswig, Madeleine Kusserow, Barbara Bellmann, Frederik Beckhoff, Markus Reinthaler, Regina von Rennenberg, Hebun Erdur, Jan F. Scheitz, Ivana Galinovic, Kersten Villringer, David M. Leistner, Heinrich J. Audebert, Matthias Endres, Ulf Landmesser, Karl Georg Haeusler, Jochen B. Fiebach, Alexander Lauten, Andreas Rillig, Christian H. Nolte
Summary: New cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) occur in approximately one third of patients after catheter based structural heart interventions, and longer procedure duration may be a risk factor for new CMBs.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Christoph Riegler, Janina R. Behrens, Claudia Gorski, Anselm Angermaier, Stephan Kinze, Ramanan Ganeshan, Andrea Rocco, Alexander Kunz, Tobias J. Muller, Andreas Bitsch, Albert Grueger, Joachim E. Weber, Eberhard Siebert, Kerstin Bollweg, Regina von Rennenberg, Heinrich J. Audebert, Christian H. Nolte, Hebun Erdur
Summary: This study compared the time-to-care metrics and outcomes of stroke patients undergoing interhospital transfer for mechanical thrombectomy in rural and metropolitan areas. The results showed that although rural patients had longer time from arrival at the primary stroke center to start of intravenous thrombolysis, they underwent groin puncture at comprehensive stroke centers faster. Despite longer transport distances in rural areas, there was no significant difference in the time from arrival at the primary stroke center to groin puncture compared to metropolitan areas. Overall, the time-to-care metrics were similar in both rural and metropolitan areas.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Jessica L. Rohmann, Rodrigo Huerta-Gutierrez, Heinrich J. Audebert, Tobias Kurth, Marco Piccininni
Summary: This study demonstrates the potential bias in using unadjusted stacked bar graphs to compare functional outcomes after stroke. By using IPT weighting to account for measured confounding, the researchers were able to present more accurate results.
EUROPEAN STROKE JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Philipp Klyscz, Thomas Ihl, Inga Laumeier, Maureen Steinicke, Matthias Endres, Georg Michelson, Heinrich J. Audebert
Summary: Retinal pathologies were not found to be significantly associated with major subsequent vascular events in patients with recent TIA or minor stroke. However, in patients with diabetes mellitus and hypertension, vascular retinopathy with vessel rarefaction was associated with a higher risk of recurrent stroke.
STROKE AND VASCULAR NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Marco Piccininni, Tobias Kurth, Heinrich J. Audebert, Jessica L. Rohmann
Summary: The B_PROUD study aimed to evaluate the impact of mobile stroke unit (MSU) dispatch on ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA) patients. However, a large proportion of patients did not receive MSU care despite being dispatched. The study found that receiving additional MSU care was associated with better functional outcomes compared to conventional care.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Fridolin Steinbeis, Charlotte Thibeault, Sarah Steinbrecher, Yvonne Ahlgrimm, Ira An Haack, Dietrich August, Beate Balzuweit, Carla Bellinghausen, Sarah Berger, Irina Chaplinskaya-Sobol, Oliver Cornely, Patrick Doeblin, Matthias Endres, Claudia Fink, Carsten Finke, Sandra Frank, Sabine Hanss, Tim Hartung, Johannes Christian Hellmuth, Susanne Herold, Peter Heuschmann, Jan Heyckendorf, Ralf Heyder, Stefan Hippenstiel, Wolfgang Hoffmann, Sebastian Ulrich Kelle, Philipp Knape, Philipp Koehler, Lucie Kretzler, David Manuel Leistner, Jasmin Lienau, Roberto Lorbeer, Bettina Lorenz-Depiereux, Constanze Dorothea Luettke, Knut Mai, Uta Merle, Lil Antonia Meyer-Arndt, Olga Miljukov, Maximilian Muenchhoff, Moritz Mueller-Plathe, Julia Neuhann, Hannelore Neuhauser, Alexandra Nieters, Christian Otte, Daniel Pape, Rafaela Maria Pinto, Christina Pley, Annett Pudszuhn, Philipp Reuken, Siegberg Rieg, Petra Ritter, Gernot Rohde, Maria Roennefarth, Michael Ruzicka, Jens Schaller, Anne Schmidt, Sein Schmidt, Verena Schwachmeyer, Georg Schwanitz, Werner Seeger, Dana Stahl, Nicole Stobaeus, Hans Christian Stubbe, Norbert Suttorp, Bettina Temmesfeld, Sylvia Thun, Paul Triller, Frederik Trinkmann, Istvan Vadasz, Heike Valentin, Maria Vehreschild, Christof von Kalle, Marie von Lilienfeld-Toal, Joachim Weber, Tobias Welte, Christian Wildberg, Robert Wizimirski, Saskia Zvork, Leif Erik Sander, Janne Vehreschild, Thomas Zoller, Florian Kurth, Martin Witzenrath
Summary: The NAPKON-HAP study is a multi-centered observational study aimed at providing comprehensive data and biospecimen collection for the investigation of the pathophysiology and pathology of COVID-19. It will contribute significant scientific insights and high-quality data to aid researchers in understanding the acute and long-term outcomes of the disease.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Frederik Geisler, Lisa Haacke, Maren Lorenz, Eugen Schwabauer, Matthias Wendt, Lydia Bernhardt, Eman Dashti, Erik Freitag, Alexander Kunz, Christina Hofmann-Shen, Martina Zuber, Carolin Waldschmidt, Farid I. Kandil, Kai Kappert, Chantip Dang-Heine, Irina Lorenz-Meyer, Heinrich J. Audebert, Joachim E. Weber
Summary: This study aims to evaluate the ability of a single blood biomarker or a combination of biomarkers to distinguish between patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and stroke mimics (SM) in the early phase after symptom onset in the prehospital setting. The kinetics of blood biomarkers in AIS and ICH patients will also be investigated. The goal is to evaluate new ways to reliably diagnose stroke and accelerate the application of evidence-based therapies in stroke patients.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2023)