Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Lingzhan Xue, Yu Gao, Meiying Wu, Tian Tian, Haiping Fan, Yongji Huang, Zhen Huang, Dapeng Li, Luohao Xu
Summary: The study on the haplotype-resolved genome assembly of zig-zag eel sheds light on the evolution of sex chromosomes and recombination suppression mechanisms, revealing a similar sex-linked region on the X and Y chromosomes and identifying a potential sex-determining gene in the SLR.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Zhen Huang, Zaoxu Xu, Hao Bai, Yongji Huang, Na Kang, Xiaoting Ding, Jing Liu, Haoran Luo, Chentao Yang, Wanjun Chen, Qixin Guo, Lingzhan Xue, Xueping Zhang, Li Xu, Meiling Chen, Honggao Fu, Youling Chen, Zhicao Yue, Tatsuo Fukagawa, Shanlin Liu, Guobin Chang, Luohao Xu
Summary: Microchromosomes are prevalent in nonmammalian vertebrates, but some are missing in bird genome assemblies. This study presents a new chicken reference genome, including all autosomes and sex chromosomes, and provides detailed characterization of small microchromosomes (dot chromosomes) with unique sequence and epigenetic features, shedding insights into the structure and evolution of chromosomes.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Martin A. Lysak
Summary: The evolution of eukaryotic genomes involves fluctuations in chromosome number, with cycles of increase and decrease in chromosome number. Chromosome fusions result from DNA recombination between nonhomologous chromosomes. End-to-end chromosome fusions and nested chromosome fusions have played a more significant role in the evolution of eukaryotic genomes than previously thought. This review summarizes the limited knowledge on the origin, frequency, and evolutionary implications of these fusion events in eukaryotes, with a focus on land plants. The potential importance of interactions between nonhomologous chromosomes and chromosome pairing during meiosis in the origin of these fusions is discussed.
Article
Plant Sciences
Natalia Borowska-Zuchowska, Magdalena Senderowicz, Dana Trunova, Bozena Kolano
Summary: Cytogenetics is a branch of genetics focused on cellular components, especially chromosomes, and their relationship to heredity, genome structure, function, and evolution. Modern cytogenetic approaches allow for the visualization of different sequences in the plant genome and contribute to understanding its evolutionary history.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Mitsuhiko P. Sato, Satoshi Iwakami, Kanade Fukunishi, Kai Sugiura, Kentaro Yasuda, Sachiko Isobe, Kenta Shirasawa
Summary: This study presents the telomere-to-telomere genome sequence of E. phyllopogon, a pernicious weed species found in rice fields worldwide. The highly accurate and comprehensive genome sequence is crucial for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying its pernicious traits and developing effective weed control strategies.
Review
Plant Sciences
Tejas Thondehaalmath, Dilsher Singh Kulaar, Ramesh Bondada, Ravi Maruthachalam
Summary: Uniparental genome elimination is a phenomenon observed in distant hybridization in plants, and efforts to understand its molecular mechanism have been hindered by a lack of genetic tools in species exhibiting UGE. However, recent studies in Arabidopsis thaliana have successfully simulated the genetic consequences of distant crosses, offering potential benefits for crop breeding and genetics.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2021)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Zuzana Chumova, Terezie Mandakova, Pavel Travnicek
Summary: Polyploidy plays a crucial role in plant evolution, with some species having limited understanding of their evolutionary history. This study used various techniques to investigate the origins of sweet vernal grass and alpine sweet vernal grass, revealing different polyploidization patterns and extensive variation among European populations.
Article
Plant Sciences
Wenbo Shan, Michaela Kubova, Terezie Mandakova, Martin A. Lysak
Summary: The nuclear organization in Arabidopsis thaliana, characterized by nucleolus-associated telomere clustering, is found to be universal in small-genome crucifer species but varies in large-genome species. This suggests that genomic properties rather than phylogenetic position play a significant role in determining interphase nuclear organization in crucifer genomes, where factors such as nuclear genome size and chromosome compartmentalization influence chromosome organization.
Article
Microbiology
Mathieu Quenu, Artemis D. Treindl, Kate Lee, Daigo Takemoto, Torsten Thuenen, Samad Ashrafi, David Winter, Austen R. D. Ganley, Adrian Leuchtmann, Carolyn A. Young, Murray P. Cox
Summary: Genome rearrangements are common in filamentous fungi, but little is known about their evolution. In this study, we compared 15 complete genomes of the filamentous fungus genus Epichloe and found that the distinction between gene-rich and repeat-rich regions observed in isolated species is widespread across the Epichloe genus. Despite having the same number of nuclear chromosomes, the genomes of Epichloe species show low synteny and substantial rearrangement of gene content. These rearrangements are lineage-dependent and occur over short evolutionary distances with long periods of structural stability.
Review
Plant Sciences
Zheng Li, Michael T. W. McKibben, Geoffrey S. Finch, Paul D. Blischak, Brittany L. Sutherland, Michael S. Barker
Summary: This review discusses the impact of polyploidy on chromosome pairing behavior in land plants, as well as the two major processes of diploidization: cytological diploidization and genic diploidization/fractionation. It also compares gene fractionation variation across land plants and highlights differences in diploidization between plants and animals.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY, VOL 72, 2021
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Perla Farhat, Terezie Mandakova, Jan Divisek, Hiroshi Kudoh, Dmitry A. German, Martin A. Lysak
Summary: The establishment of Arabidopsis as the most important plant model has led to increased focus on other crucifer species for comparative research. In this study, the unispecific genus Catolobus, a close relative of Capsella, was analyzed for chromosome number, genome structure, genetic variation, and habitat suitability. The findings revealed that Catolobus underwent whole-genome duplication and subsequent diploidization, with a reduction in chromosome number. The hypotetraploid Catolobus genome provides a unique model for comparative studies of tetraploid genomes.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Evon M. DeBose-Scarlett, Beth A. Sullivan
Summary: Centromeres are crucial for genome inheritance, with abnormal function linked to various diseases. Ectopic centromeres can form at new genomic locations, impacting genome stability and disease development. While certain genome regions influence neocentromere activation, the universal mechanism remains unclear.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF GENETICS, VOL 55
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Ana Paula Moraes, Thaissa Brogliato Junqueira Engel, Eliana R. Forni-Martins, Fabio de Barros, Leonardo P. Felix, Juliano Sarmento Cabral
Summary: The study on Maxillariinae reveals that genome size and chromosome number are partially correlated with ecological data in the evolutionary process, suggesting the significance of these genomic traits in the ecological niche.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Simona Giunta, Solene Herve, Ryan R. White, Therese Wilhelm, Marie Dumont, Andrea Scelfo, Riccardo Gamba, Cheng Kit Wong, Giulia Rancati, Agata Smogorzewska, Hironori Funabiki, Daniele Fachinetti
Summary: The study demonstrates the importance of the centromere-specific histone H3 variant CENP-A in safeguarding DNA replication of alpha-satellite repeats to prevent structural aneuploidy during S phase, providing insights into how specialized centromeric chromatin maintains the integrity of transcribed noncoding repetitive DNA.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Sadaf Riaz, Meng Xiao, Pengyu Chen, Meijin Li, Yixuan Cui, Maurycy Daroch
Summary: The study highlighted the regulation of genome copy number (ploidy) status in the thermophilic cyanobacterium Thermosynechococcus E542 by growth phase and environmental factors, shedding light on the role of polyploidy. Increased ploidy level is associated with higher metabolic activity and vigor, serving as backup genetic information. Several improved ploidy estimation approaches for cyanobacteria were presented, including a new rapid and accurate spectrofluorometric method.
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
