Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Cemil Can Eylem, Tuba Recber, Muhammad Waris, Sedef Kir, Emirhan Nemutlu
Summary: Central carbon metabolism is a major energy source for all living organisms, and changes in metabolite levels can be used as biomarkers for different diseases. Tracking enzyme changes in central carbon metabolism using stable isotopes can serve as biomarkers for various illnesses. GC-MS has unique advantages in analysis, making it widely used in central carbon metabolism research.
MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Soil Science
Peng Chen, Xiao-Liang Yuan, Lin -Yang Li, Jun-Ya Li, Run-Qin Zhang, Zhi-Guo Li, Yi Liu
Summary: Land-use type influences CO2 emission fluxes, delta(CO2)-C-13, and the effects of heterogeneity in soil microenvironment. This study investigated the effects of land-use type on soil-respired CO2 and delta(CO2)-C-13 using long-term soil incubation and fractionation techniques. Results showed that woodland had the highest soil respiration rates and exhibited a shift in delta(CO2)-C-13 values. Aggregational differentiation of soil-respired CO2 and delta C-13 was found only in the woodland, and warming intensified these differences. These findings are important for understanding the feedback of soil carbon pool to global warming.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mukundan Ragavan, Mengchen Li, Anthony G. Giacalone, Charles E. Wood, Maureen Keller-Wood, Matthew E. Merritt
Summary: Ovine models have been widely used for studying maternal-fetal interactions and congenital heart diseases. This study demonstrates a comprehensive assessment of heart function and metabolism in a perinatal model, with the use of [U-C-13]glucose as a tracer to study central energy metabolism. The methodology presented can be applied to investigate acute and chronic effects of hormonal signaling in future studies.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yapeng Zhang L, Ignas A. G. Snellen, Alexander J. Bohn, Paul Molliere, Christian Ginski, H. Jens Hoeijmakers, Matthew A. Kenworthy, Eric E. Mamajek, Tiffany Meshkat, Maddalena Reggiani, Frans Snik
Summary: Isotope abundance ratios play a crucial role in astronomy and planetary sciences, offering insights into various aspects such as the origin and evolution of the Solar System, interstellar chemistry, and stellar nucleosynthesis. Carbon isotope ratios in the Solar System are relatively constant, but can vary on a galactic scale. Observation of (CO)-C-13 in the atmosphere of a young accreting super-Jupiter suggests substantial enrichment in C-13, possibly acquired from ices enriched in C-13 through fractionation.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Renee Z. Wang, Albert K. K. Liu, Douglas M. M. Banda, Woodward W. W. Fischer, Patrick M. M. Shih
Summary: A closely related sister clade of octameric rubiscos (Form I') has been recently discovered, which can assemble without small subunits (RbcS) unlike Form I rubisco. The KIE measurement indicates that the L-8 rubisco has a smaller kinetic isotope effect compared to Form I rubisco, suggesting that the small subunits may affect the enzyme's function. These findings provide new insights into the function of RbcS and the interpretation of environmental carbon isotope data.
Article
Plant Sciences
Thomas Wieloch, Roland Anton Werner, Jurgen Schleucher
Summary: Stable isotope analysis is a versatile tool in the plant and Earth sciences, conveying information about plant physiology and paleoclimate variability. A C-13 signal at tree-ring glucose C-4 is identified, believed to be introduced by glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases, conveying information about metabolism and catalysis. The theory is supported by C-13 fractionation modelling, providing evidence for a carbon-neutral mechanism known as the cytosolic oxidation-reduction (COR) cycle.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2021)
Review
Plant Sciences
John N. Ferguson, Alison C. Tidy, Erik H. Murchie, Zoe A. Wilson
Summary: Heat stress affects crop productivity through impaired carbon metabolism and reproductive development. Understanding the integration of these processes and their contribution to yield maintenance is crucial for developing climate-resilient crops. Recent studies on source-sink dynamics, non-foliar photosynthesis, and net carbon gain provide key insights into improving reproductive development and crop productivity under heat stress.
PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Limnology
Noam Lotem, Andre Pellerin, Katey Walter Anthony, Almog Gafni, Valeria Boyko, Orit Sivan
Summary: The ongoing global temperature rise in the Arctic leads to permafrost thaw and the release of Pleistocene-aged organic matter, resulting in increased microbial degradation and production of greenhouse gases, especially methane. This study examines the extent and mechanism of anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) in the sediments of thermokarst lakes in Alaska. The results show that AOM rates are much lower than methanogenesis rates, indicating a lack of buffer mechanisms to attenuate methane production in warming climates.
LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Marina de Leeuw, Marta R. A. Matos, Lars Keld Nielsen
Summary: Kinetic models are important for understanding metabolic systems. This paper presents a detailed kinetic model for the central carbon metabolism of Escherichia coli, which has been validated and can be used for studying cellular metabolism and metabolic pathway design.
METABOLIC ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Luke C. Jeffrey, Damien T. Maher, Eleonora Chiri, Pok Man Leung, Philipp A. Nauer, Stefan K. Arndt, Douglas R. Tait, Chris Greening, Scott G. Johnston
Summary: Tree bark harbors unique microbial communities dominated by methane-oxidizing bacteria (MOB) that can significantly reduce methane emissions, indicating a potentially important methane sink for further research in the field of methane mitigation.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Veniamin B. Polyakov, Juske Horita
Summary: The study calculated reduced partition function ratios for carbon isotopes in various hydrocarbons, analyzing the beta factor changes at different temperatures. Results suggest that beta factors increase with the number of C atoms, while C-13 enrichment decreases among different hydrocarbon groups. Position-specific isotope effects within hydrocarbons are determined by the beta factors of C in different functional groups.
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shui-Jiong Wang, Shu-Guang Li
Summary: This paper reviews the Mg isotope geochemistry of silicate and carbonate during plate subduction. It explores how the subduction of carbonates and silicates can potentially fractionate Mg isotopes and change their chemical compositions. The study suggests that at different depths, the fluids involved in subduction may dissolve different carbonate minerals, leading to selective and partial dissolution. It also highlights the possibility of elemental and isotopic exchange between carbonate and silicate minerals within the subducting slab.
NATIONAL SCIENCE REVIEW
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Daniel Bouchard, Patrick Hohener, Didier Gori, Daniel Hunkeler, Tim Buscheck
Summary: Several types of laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate isotope fractionation caused by phase transfer process for a selection of common environmental contaminants. Carbon and hydrogen isotope fractionation caused by vaporization of non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL), volatilization from water, and dissolution into an organic solvent (TGDE) were investigated. The results showed significant isotope fractionation during NAPL vaporization and volatilization from water, while no significant fractionation was observed during the air-TGDE partitioning process, except for certain compounds.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Katherine J. Keller, Samuel R. Phelps, Ann Pearson
Summary: Careful assessment of fractionation associated with HPLC is essential for accurate ??13C measurements. This study examines the effects of fractionation in orthogonal dimensions of HPLC separation of iGDGTs. 13C fractionation is observed during normal phase separations, but not during reverse phase HPLC. The fractionation in normal phase is attributed to diminished Van der Waals attraction between 13C-enriched iGDGTs and the stationary phase.
ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Chenchen Huang, Yanhong Zeng, Ya Cao, Chuhong Zhu, Zihe Ren, Yin-E Liu, Shutao Gao, Yankuan Tian, Xiaojun Luo, Bixian Mai
Summary: This study investigated the carbon and chlorine isotope fractionation during ultraviolet-photolysis of PCBs in different photochemical systems, revealing differences in degradation processes. Nondechlorinated pathways and magnetic isotope effects were suggested in MeOH/H2O for PCB138. Significant negative correlations were found between C-AKIE and relative disappearance quantum yields of ortho-dechlorinated substrates in Hex and MeOH/H2O.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2021)