Article
Plant Sciences
Hans Jacquemyn, Rein Brys, Michael Waud, Alexandra Evans, Tomas Figura, Marc-Andre Selosse
Summary: Partial mycoheterotrophy, the ability of plants to obtain carbon from fungi in addition to photosynthesis, is more common in the Plant Kingdom than anticipated. Isotope analyses show wide variation in isotopic signatures among mycoheterotrophic plants, with differences in mycorrhizal communities but unclear relation to isotopic differences. Different orchid species formed mycorrhizas with a diverse range of fungi, but variation in mycorrhizal community composition did not correspond to isotope signatures differences.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Horticulture
Peter J. Zale, Melissa K. McCormick, Dennis F. Whigham
Summary: This study conducted experiments with two species of U.S. native orchids to investigate the effect of adding appropriate mycorrhizal fungi on orchid growth and survival. The results showed that the addition of mycorrhizal fungi increased the performance of the orchids, but environmental and horticultural parameters also played an important role in successful cultivation.
Article
Plant Sciences
David Soba, Angie L. Gamez, Naroa Uriz, Lorena Ruiz de Larrinaga, Carmen Gonzalez-Murua, Jose Maria Becerril, Raquel Esteban, Dolors Serret, Jose Luis Araus, Iker Aranjuelo
Summary: The study evaluated Tilia cordata leaves as bioindicators of heavy metal pollution and found that leaves from urban areas like Bilbao had higher heavy metal concentrations related to traffic emissions. The analysis of leaf carbon and nitrogen isotopes (delta C-13 and delta N-15) showed potential as indicators of heavy metal pollution levels and could distinguish pollution sources in different locations. Further research is needed to calibrate this monitoring tool through extensive vegetation screening.
URBAN FORESTRY & URBAN GREENING
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Jun Young Park, Jae-Ho Jung, Jung Hyun Kwak, Heum Gi Park, Chang-Keun Kang, Hyun Je Park
Summary: Understanding the magnitude and causes of isotopic fractionation between organisms and their dietary resources is crucial for stable isotope ecology. The study found that the isotopic fractionation values for marine ciliates are similar to those of common marine organisms, suggesting little food-dependent variation in their trophic transfer of carbon, nitrogen, and energy flow through the microbial pathway in marine ecosystems.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Mining & Mineral Processing
Noshin Masood, Tehseen Zafar, Karen A. Hudson-Edwards, Hafiz U. Rehman, Abida Farooqi
Summary: The study of Paleocene coals in the Salt Range of Punjab Province, Pakistan revealed relatively high trace element contents and associated them with organic and inorganic phases. Isotopic analysis indicated the presence of modern terrestrial vegetation in the ancient peat deposits of the coal seams.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MINING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xiong-De Tu, Ding-Kun Liu, Shao-Wei Xu, Cheng-Yuan Zhou, Xu-Yong Gao, Meng-Yao Zeng, Sai Zhang, Jin-Liao Chen, Liang Ma, Zhuang Zhou, Ming-Zhong Huang, Shi-Pin Chen, Zhong-Jian Liu, Si-Ren Lan, Ming-He Li
Summary: Goodyerinae is a phylogenetically unresolved group within Orchidaceae. This study utilized large-scale phylogenomic data to compare plastome structure between two main clades, revealing unique features in plastome structure among different genera. The findings provide insights into orchid phylogenetics and plastome evolution.
MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION
(2021)
Article
Soil Science
Guangyu Zhu, Zhouping Shangguan, Lei Deng
Summary: In this study, the dynamics of soil aggregate associated organic carbon (OC) following temperate natural forest development in China were investigated. It was found that different soil depths showed varying trends in OC changes, and factors such as land use change, soil particle characteristics, plant diversity, and C:N ratio had significant impacts on SOC stocks, rate of total SOC increase, and decomposition rate constants.
SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Leonid Y. Aranovich, Alexey N. Pertsev, Andrey V. Girnis, Nikolay S. Bortnikov, Paula M. Antoshechkina
Summary: New data on the chemical composition of basalt glasses collected in the anomaly region of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge provide insight into the compositional variability and potential source materials. The study indicates that the glasses show a wide range of compositions and could originate from both depleted mantle and other source materials. The results suggest two alternative hypotheses, partial melting of continental crustal material and melt-rock interaction within off-axial gabbro structures, as potential mechanisms for the compositional diversity observed in the samples.
Article
Plant Sciences
Marcin Jakalski, Julita Minasiewicz, Jose Caius, Michal May, Marc-Andre Selosse, Etienne Delannoy
Summary: Mycoheterotrophic plants have lost the ability to photosynthesize and receive nutrients from soil fungi independently in various land plant lineages, most commonly in the Orchidaceae family. Transcriptome analysis of two mycoheterotrophic orchids revealed unexpected retention of genes associated with photosynthesis, and altered expression profiles compared to autotrophic species, indicating significant changes in metabolic pathways during the shift from autotrophy to mycoheterotrophy.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Agronomy
Jumpei Toriyama, Akihiro Imaya, Ayumi Tanaka-Oda, Taiki Mori, Mao Hak
Summary: This study aims to investigate the differences in soil carbon and nitrogen isotopes between evergreen and deciduous forests in the seasonally dry tropics of Southeast Asia. The results showed no significant differences in carbon and nitrogen isotopes between forest types, possibly due to the interaction of multiple factors such as tree biomass, precipitation, and soil acidity.
Article
Plant Sciences
Franziska E. Zahn, Erik Soell, Thomas K. Chapin, Deyi Wang, Sofia I. F. Gomes, Nicole A. Hynson, Johanna Pausch, Gerhard Gebauer
Summary: Stable isotope signatures of fungal pelotons extracted from orchid roots reveal the explicit fungal nutrition source of orchids associated with ectomycorrhizal fungi, while hindering the detection of carbon gains from rhizoctonia-associated orchids and fungal pelotons.
Article
Ecology
Melissa K. McCormick, Kerry L. Good, Thomas J. Mozdzer, Dennis F. Whigham
Summary: This study found that shade and drought increased the dependence of orchids on fungal carbon and nitrogen.
FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2022)
Review
Plant Sciences
Sayeeda Kousar Bhatti, Monika Thakur
Summary: Orchids, which lack endosperm in their seeds and rely on endophytes for their growth and development, are valued for their decorative, therapeutic, and nutritional properties. Current research focuses on the identification and isolation of mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal endophytes that contribute to orchid growth and the synthesis of bioactive compounds. Understanding the relationship between orchids and endophytes is important for renewable production of bio-applications and technologies.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Keryn Roberts, Michael Grace, Perran Cook, Dirk Erler, Wei Wen Wong
Summary: The effectiveness of nitrogen removal in wetlands depends on biological processes. Isotopic fractionation factors were measured to evaluate nitrogen transformation processes in two urban water treatment wetlands. Differences in sampling conditions, such as rainfall patterns and light availability, affected the removal capability of the wetlands. Nitrate removal was influenced by overall nutrient inputs, residence time, and water temperature.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Kei Ota, Rei Kinjo
Summary: The development of zero-valent species of group 13-15 elements has been reinterpreted with the use of Lewis bases to stabilize such species. This has led to the isolation of E-n(0) derivatives with a variety of bonding and structural motifs due to the diversity of Lewis bases available. The exploration of allotrope chemistry relevant to materials science is proposed as a potential future direction for zero-valent main-group chemistry at the end of the article.
Article
Forestry
Hugh A. L. Henry, Juergen Kreyling, Gerhard Gebauer, Marcin Klisz, Robert Weigel
Summary: Juveniles and canopy trees may not exhibit similar nitrogen acquisition responses to soil temperature change caused by variation in snow cover over winter. The use of (15)N tracer can effectively track the effects of variation in soil frost on plant nitrogen acquisition. Estimating the nitrogen acquisition responses of mature canopy trees based on juveniles may lead to overestimation due to differences in (15)N enrichment responses.
TREES-STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
(2021)
Editorial Material
Plant Sciences
Gerhard Gebauer, Stephan Clemens
PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Entomology
Philipp P. Sprenger, Christian Muesse, Juliane Hartke, Barbara Feldmeyer, Thomas Schmitt, Gerhard Gebauer, Florian Menzel
Summary: Competition is highest among species in close association such as Camponotus and Crematogaster ants. There is evidence of interference competition and trophic niche partitioning between the two genera. The coexistence of cryptic species may be mediated by neutral dynamics in this model system.
ECOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Philipp Giesemann, Hanne N. Rasmussen, Gerhard Gebauer
Summary: About half of the chlorophyllous Paris-type species tested showed significant carbon enrichment from fungi, with seed plants exhibiting the highest carbon gain. These species are mainly herbaceous perennials thriving on shady forest ground.
Article
Ecology
Robert Weigel, Hugh A. L. Henry, Ilka Beil, Gerhard Gebauer, Gerald Jurasinski, Marcin Klisz, Ernst van der Maaten, Lena Muffler, Juergen Kreyling
Summary: Climate warming may increase soil frost events in northern temperate regions, impacting tree growth and biogeochemical cycling. Soil frost was found to affect tree growth and cycling sensitivity, regardless of prevailing winter climate and snow conditions.
Article
Ecology
Sebastian Steibl, Robert Sigl, Sanja Blaha, Sophia Drescher, Gerhard Gebauer, Elif Guerkal, Frederic Huftlein, Anna Satzger, Michael Schwarzer, Dimitri Seidenath, Jana Welfenbach, Raphael S. Zinser, Christian Laforsch
Summary: Ecosystems are interconnected by energy fluxes that provide resources for the inhabiting organisms. In systems with elevated in situ production, the relevance of external resources becomes limited to species close to the input site. The dependency on external resources is also species-dependent, with consumers occurring close and distant to the input site showing similar proportions of external input in their diets.
ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Stefan G. Bindereif, Felix Ruell, Peter Kolb, Lucas Koeberle, Holger Willms, Simon Steidele, Stephan Schwarzinger, Gerhard Gebauer
Summary: In 2018 and 2019, Europe experienced significant drought, posing a major risk to global barley supply. A novel approach utilizing near-infrared spectra analysis, C-13 isotope enrichment, and betaine accumulation successfully differentiated between barley samples from 2018 and 2017. Through modern analysis techniques, both fraudulent labeling prevention and valuable insights into crop drought tolerance can be achieved.
Article
Plant Sciences
Philipp Giesemann, Gerhard Gebauer
Summary: This study used hydrogen stable isotope (H-2) natural abundances as a substitute for carbon stable isotope (C-13) to investigate the carbon gain of C-3 parasitic plants from their hosts. The progressive enrichment of H-2 can be used as a proxy to evaluate the carbon gains from hosts.
Article
Plant Sciences
Franziska E. Zahn, Yung- Lee, Gerhard Gebauer
Summary: The green orchid Cremastra appendiculata from East Asia is unique in that it changes fungal mycorrhiza partners during development. In the early seedling stage, this orchid relies on wood- or litter-decomposing fungi, while adults either continue to be associated with these fungi or switch to ubiquitous saprotrophic fungi of the rhizoctonia group. This study provides new insights into changes in subterranean morphology and nutrition mode accompanying this fungal partner switch. It turns out that only rhizomes were colonized by the wood- or litter-decomposing fungi, while roots of adults were colonized by rhizoctonia. Early seedlings relied fully on fungi as a nutrient source, while adults without rhizomes were fully autotrophic.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Sebastian Steibl, Gerhard Gebauer, Christian Laforsch
Summary: Human land use has a growing impact on island ecosystems, especially on food webs. Different land use regimes, such as tourism and urban development, can significantly alter the structure and characteristics of food webs on small oceanic islands. This study found that tourism land use reduced trophic diversity and increased trophic niche widths, while urban land use resulted in reduced trophic diversity at the base of the food web and a more uneven trophic niche distribution. These findings suggest that oceanic islands may face unpredictable long-term changes in food web dynamics due to human land conversion.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Marius Klotz, Joerg Schaller, Heike Feldhaar, Juergen Dengler, Gerhard Gebauer, Gregor Aas, Anita Weissflog, Bettina M. J. Engelbrecht
Summary: Water regimes in temperate grasslands affect plant silicon and nitrogen concentrations, with grasses showing more consistent silicon responses and forbs showing more variable responses. Drought increased nitrogen concentrations for all species, while waterlogging and flooding resulted in decreased concentrations for some species. Changes in water regimes influenced the rankings of plant silicon and nitrogen concentrations, particularly in forbs. The observed plasticity in plant silicon and nitrogen concentrations may have significant implications for ecological processes.
FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Deyi Wang, Gerhard Gebauer, Hans Jacquemyn, Franziska E. Zahn, Sofia I. F. Gomes, Johanna Lorenz, Harrie van der Hagen, Menno Schilthuizen, Vincent S. F. T. Merckx
Summary: The symbiotic associations between orchids and various ecological guilds of fungi provide an ideal study system for understanding the evolution and ecophysiology of mycorrhizal symbiosis. This research investigated the mycorrhizal communities and isotope signatures of a terrestrial orchid, Neottia ovata, growing in different light conditions in Europe. The results suggest that rhizoctonia fungi played a major functional role in carbon and nutrient supply for the orchids, while ectomycorrhizal fungi did not substantially contribute to the plants' carbon budget.
FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Franziska E. Zahn, Erik Soell, Thomas K. Chapin, Deyi Wang, Sofia I. F. Gomes, Nicole A. Hynson, Johanna Pausch, Gerhard Gebauer
Summary: Stable isotope signatures of fungal pelotons extracted from orchid roots reveal the explicit fungal nutrition source of orchids associated with ectomycorrhizal fungi, while hindering the detection of carbon gains from rhizoctonia-associated orchids and fungal pelotons.
Letter
Plant Sciences
Sofia I. F. Gomes, Philipp Giesemann, Saskia Klink, Colin Hunt, Kenji Suetsugu, Gerhard Gebauer
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Christopher B. Wall, Sean O. I. Swift, Carla M. D'Antonio, Gerhard Gebauer, Nicole A. Hynson
Summary: Deforestation and land-use conversion have negative effects on biodiversity. Using a reforestation site and a neighboring remnant forest, this study found that the outplanted N2-fixing trees had higher tree density and lower nitrogen isotope values in the soil and plants compared to the remnant forest, indicating greater biological nitrogen fixation. Additionally, the study found differences in water use efficiency and carbon isotope values, suggesting different plant-water relations and soil carbon contributions between the two forest types.
