期刊
NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS
卷 16, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
IOP PUBLISHING LTD
DOI: 10.1088/1367-2630/16/9/093052
关键词
non-thermal fixed points; far-from-equilibrium dynamics; Bose-Einstein condensation; quantum turbulence; non-equilibrium critical phenomena
资金
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [GA677/7, GA677/8]
- University of Heidelberg (FRONTIER)
- Helmholtz Association [HA216/EMMI]
It is demonstrated how a many-body system far from thermal equilibrium can exhibit universal dynamics in passing a nonthermal fixed point. As an example, the process of Bose-Einstein (BE) condensation of a dilute cold gas is considered. If the particle flux into the low-energy modes, induced, for example by a cooling quench, is sufficiently strong, the Bose gas develops a characteristic power-law single-particle spectrum n(k) similar to k(-5), and critical slowing down in time occurs. The fixed point is shown to be marked by the creation and dilution of tangled vortex lines. Alternatively, for a weak cooling quench and particle flux, the condensation process runs quasi-adiabatically, passing by the fixed point in the far distance, and the signatures of critical scaling remain absent.
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