Article
Optics
Akanksha Gautam, T. S. Athira, Dinesh N. Naik, Rajeev Singh, C. S. Narayanamurthy, Rakesh Kumar Singh
Summary: We introduce a method of recording incoherent vector holograms using a stable field-based interferometer and radial shearing technique. The vector holograms are recorded as elements of the 2x2 cross-spectral density (CSD) matrix, and the object encoded into these holograms is digitally reconstructed by propagating the elements of the CSD matrix. The CSD matrix, containing complex spatial coherence function elements, is connected to an incoherent vector source through the vectorial van Cittert-Zernike theorem. We experimentally measure the two-dimensional distributions of the complex elements of the CSD matrix using a Sagnac radial shearing interferometer with a phase-shifting approach.
OPTICS AND LASERS IN ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Tong Li, Baogang Quan, Guangyou Fang, Tianwu Wang
Summary: This study proposes an ultra-thin and flexible THz CEP shifter, which can modulate the carrier-envelope phase of THz pulses by changing the array of materials. The shifter has good tolerance and is suitable for applications such as THz-STM, with potential uses including wave focusing and beam steering.
ADVANCED OPTICAL MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Optics
S. L. Camenzind, D. Koenen, B. Willenberg, J. Pupeikis, C. R. Phillips, U. Keller
Summary: Pulse trains emitted from dual-comb systems with low relative timing jitter can be measured using an optical heterodyne detection approach. A new laser with precise timing and low noise has been characterized using this technique.
Article
Optics
Guoqing Pu, Bahram Jalali
Summary: Spectral interferometry is widely used in biomedical and scientific applications, and a system utilizing a neural network to directly infer the magnitude and phase of femtosecond interferograms without prior knowledge achieves higher accuracy under experimental conditions. This approach introduces a technique to train the network using a large number of labeled interferograms generated with known phase and magnitude profiles, demonstrating resilience against various optical distortions and noise.
Article
Optics
S. W. Hancock, S. Zahedpour, H. M. Milchberg
Summary: The technique presented in this study allows for the single-shot measurement of the spatiotemporal amplitude and phase of ultrashort laser pulses. It is suitable for characterizing short pulses carrying optical vortices and pulses containing singularities associated with spin/orbital angular momentum or polarization.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tong Wu, Guanglu Yuan, Zishao Wang, Xiangyu Zhang, Chao Yu, Ruifeng Lu
Summary: In order to achieve current control using intense laser field manipulation, we studied the effect of carrier-envelope phase (CEP) on residual current in SiO2 crystals. By solving semiconductor Bloch equations, we found that CEP can strongly influence the carrier population of the conduction band, providing a simple but useful tool for controlling residual current. The asymmetric distribution in the first Brillouin zone caused by CEP results in non-zero residual current. Furthermore, we investigated the two-color laser scheme and found that asymmetric two-color laser fields can induce the maximum residual current.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ziyang Hu, YanHo Kwok, GuanHua Chen, Shaul Mukamel
Summary: The experimentally observed phase shift between the maximum tunneling current and maximum electric field is found to be caused by the third-order response to the electric field. This phase shift is sensitive to the duration of pulses, allowing for precise manipulation of the tunneling process by varying the phase and duration of the pulses.
Article
Optics
Yu Zhou, Wei Quan, Meng Zhao, Zhiqiang Wang, Minghui Wang, Sijin Cheng, Jing Chen, Xiaojun Liu
Summary: Recent studies show that the stereo-ATI carrier-envelope phase meter is an effective method for determining the carrier-envelope phase of few-cycle laser pulses, but current methods discard some data containing important CEP information. A new improved method has been developed in this work to effectively utilize most of the experimental data, achieving a CEP precision of 57 mrad over the entire 2 pi range for 5.0 fs laser pulses.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Johannes Schoetz, Ancyline Maliakkal, Johannes Bloechl, Dmitry Zimin, Zilong Wang, Philipp Rosenberger, Meshaal Alharbi, Abdallah M. Azzeer, Matthew Weidman, Vladislav S. Yakovlev, Boris Bergues, Matthias F. Kling
Summary: This study presents systematic experimental studies on the signal formation in gas-phase photoconductive sampling and proposes a theoretical model based on the Ramo-Shockley theorem. Numerical simulations provide a quantitative comparison with experimental results and help to identify the roles of electron-neutral scattering and mean-field charge interactions. The results show that existing heuristic models are valid only in a limited range and are affected by macroscopic effects.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Karolina Lempicka-Mirek, Mateusz Krol, Helgi Sigurdsson, Adam Wincukiewicz, Przemyslaw Morawiak, Rafal Mazur, Marcin Muszynski, Wiktor Piecek, Przemyslaw Kula, Tomasz Stefaniuk, Maria Kaminska, Luisa De Marco, Pavlos G. Lagoudakis, Dario Ballarini, Daniele Sanvitto, Jacek Szczytko, Barbara Pietka
Summary: This research demonstrates the control of spin-orbit coupling in photons by electrically tuning the microcavity, as well as the integration of spinoptronic devices with electronics through electrical control of the light-matter coupling conditions and artificial gauge fields.
Article
Optics
Zhi Zhong, Chen Wang, Chunyan Du, Lei Liu, Wentao Niu, Yan Liu, Bin Liu, Lei Yu, Mingguang Shan
Summary: A temporal division method is developed to retrieve the observed phase maps without phase unwrapping and/or high-speed acquisition, resulting in improved retrieval speed and quality.
OPTICS AND LASERS IN ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Optics
E. S. Efimenko, N. A. Abramovsky, M. I. Bakunov
Summary: Contrary to common belief, the generation of free carriers can have a positive impact on Cherenkov-type terahertz emission from ultrashort laser pulses by broadening the radiation bandwidth. This is achieved through the acceleration of optically generated carriers by rectified electric fields, resulting in a surge current and broadened emission. Specific results are provided for GaP pumped at a 1.7-μm wavelength.
Article
Optics
Wei Li, Xiao Wang, Yilin Hong, Xiaoming Zeng, Jie Mu, Yanlei Zuo, Zhaoli Li, Jingqin Su
Summary: This study proposes a single-frame complete spatiotemporal characteristics measurement method for ultrafast laser pulses, called Carrier Frequency Division Multiplexing Spectral Interferometry (CFDMSI). By utilizing the idea of frequency division multiplexing, the 3D spatiotemporal field of a femtosecond laser pulse can be reconstructed from a single spectral interferogram. The implementation of CFDMSI is straightforward, involving the use of a slit array and an imaging spectrometer to obtain the unknown pulse's spatiotemporal field.
OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Nauman Ali, Usman Zabit, Olivier D. Bernal
Summary: A method for recovering displacements with nanometric precision based on spectral analysis of self-mixing laser interferometric signal feedback phase is proposed. This method, an enhancement of TFSP, provides a better in-depth analysis of the signal spectrum to detect even lower amplitude vibrations. Experimental results show a significant improvement over TFSP, allowing the recovery of target vibrations with amplitude down to approximately λ/32.
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Christian Heide, Tobias Boolakee, Timo Eckstein, Peter Hommelhoff
Summary: By comparing two experimental schemes for controlling light-field-driven currents in graphene, it was found that two-color control is more efficient than CEP control by over two orders of magnitude. The omega + 2 omega field exhibits significantly more asymmetry in its temporal shape, leading to the superior efficiency of two-color current control. This finding is supported by numerical simulations, suggesting the relevance of these results for fundamental properties of solids at ultrafast timescales and the field of petahertz electronics.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Ang Li, Yiming Pan, Philip Dienstbier, Peter Hommelhoff
Summary: By studying the two-color visibility spectroscopy of multiphoton photoemissions from a solid-state nanoemitter, it was found that the visibility was around 90%, which could be varied between 0% and close to 100% by adjusting the relative intensity ratio of the two colors. Additionally, a theoretical model was able to explain all observations with great quantitative agreements, indicating the universality of this work in photo-driven quantum interference in various fields.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Optics
Tao He, Yizhu Zhang, J. J. Zhao, Xincheng Wang, Zhenjie Shen, Zuanming Jin, Tian-Min Yan, Yuhai Jiang
Summary: The study investigates the mechanism of low-order harmonic generation induced by a strong laser field, with a focus on the third harmonic generation. It is found that the third harmonic generation is strongly suppressed in counter-rotating bi-chromatic laser fields, and the quantum-mechanical treatment provides a better explanation for experimental observations compared to the semi-classical photocurrent model. The work suggests that overlapping in continuum states via different quantum paths of a single electron plays a role in low-order harmonic generation under elliptical bi-chromatic laser fields.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Lennart Aufleger, Patrick Friebel, Patrick Rupprecht, Alexander Magunia, Thomas Ding, Marc Rebholz, Maximilian Hartmann, Christian Ott, Thomas Pfeifer
Summary: We investigate the interaction between intense extreme ultraviolet (XUV) light and the 2s2p doubly excited state in helium. Experimental results show that high XUV intensities can modify the line-width of the 2s2p state. Simulation results reveal that this line-width broadening is connected to the strong coupling between the ground state and the 2s2p doubly excited state.
NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tobias Boolakee, Christian Heide, Antonio Garzon-Ramirez, Heiko B. Weber, Ignacio Franco, Peter Hommelhoff
Summary: Light-driven electronic excitation plays a crucial role in energy and information transfer. Researchers have discovered that virtual and real charge carriers can be excited and disentangled in a gold-graphene-gold heterostructure, offering new possibilities for lightwave electronics.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Yuya Morimoto, Yasushi Shinohara, Kenichi L. Ishikawa, Peter Hommelhoff
Summary: This study reveals the spatial distribution of light-field-driven currents on the atomic scale and their relationship with light-induced changes in charge densities by adapting the nearest-neighbor tight-binding model and the semiconductor Bloch equation.
NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Patrick Rupprecht, Lennart Aufleger, Simon Heinze, Alexander Magunia, Thomas Ding, Marc Rebholz, Stefano Amberg, Nikola Mollov, Felix Henrich, Maurits W. Haverkort, Christian Ott, Thomas Pfeifer
Summary: The study introduces a method to control electronic exchange interactions by coupling excited states and demonstrates this concept through experiments on the SF6 molecule. The results show that increasing the intensity of infrared laser can enhance the effective exchange energy between the core hole and the excited electron.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Y. S. S. Patil, J. Yu, S. Frazier, Y. Wang, K. Johnson, J. Fox, J. Reichel, J. G. E. Harris
Summary: In this study, single photon detectors are used to investigate the motional state of a superfluid He-4 resonator with a mass of about 1 ng. The arrival times of Stokes and anti-Stokes photons, scattered by the acoustic mode of the resonator, are utilized to measure the resonator's phonon coherences up to the fourth order. By selecting specific photon detection events, the coherences in the resonator are also measured when <= 3 phonons are added or subtracted. These measurements are consistent with the predictions assuming a Markovian coupling between the acoustic mode and a thermal bath.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yogesh S. S. Patil, Judith Holler, Parker A. Henry, Chitres Guria, Yiming Zhang, Luyao Jiang, Nenad Kralj, Nicholas Read, Jack G. E. Harris
Summary: This article investigates the relationship between control parameters and eigenfrequency spectrum in coupled oscillator systems, focusing on the spectral flow phenomenon in control loops. Experimental observations reveal the formation of braids and the emergence of a non-Abelian group in control loops with N>2.
Letter
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kilian P. Heeg, Lars Bocklage, Cornelius Strohm, Christian Ott, Dominik Lentrodt, Johann Haber, Hans-Christian Wille, Rudolf Rueffer, Jakob Gollwitzer, Christian F. Adolff, Kai Schlage, Ilya Sergeev, Olaf Leupold, Guido Meier, Christoph H. Keitel, Ralf Roehlsberger, Thomas Pfeifer, Joerg Evers
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
R. Shiloh, T. Chlouba, P. Hommelhoff
Summary: Researchers demonstrate the quantum coherent coupling between electrons and light in a scanning electron microscope, achieving breakthrough results in low-energy electron field with potential for spatially extended and cascaded optical experiments.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Philip Dienstbier, Lennart Seiffert, Timo Paschen, Andreas Liehl, Alfred Leitenstorfer, Thomas Fennel, Peter Hommelhoff
Summary: Solids exposed to intense electric fields release electrons through tunnelling, which plays a vital role in various applications. In this study, we use two-colour modulation spectroscopy to uncover the suboptical-cycle strong-field emission dynamics from nanostructures, with attosecond precision. By measuring the photoelectron spectra and matching the quantum model to the experiment, we determine the emission duration of 710 +/- 30 attoseconds. These results have implications for ultrafast electron sources, quantum degeneracy studies, nanoplasmonics, and petahertz electronics.
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Stefan Meier, Jonas Heimerl, Philip Dienstbier, Peter Hommelhoff
Summary: This article presents a simple method based on photoemission technology to determine the work function and tip apex radius parameters of needle tip electron sources in real time. Through experiments on tungsten needle tips, we found that strong laser pulse irradiation increases the work function of the tip and changes the spatial electron emission distribution.
REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Jonas Heimerl, Stefan Meier, Adrian Kirchner, Tobias Weitz, Peter Hommelhoff
Summary: We present strong-field electron energy spectra generated from nanometric gold needle tips using femtosecond laser pulses. Two different wavelengths, 800 nm with 12 fs pulse duration and 1550 nm with 170 fs pulse duration, were employed. The recorded electron spectra exhibit extended plateaus and cutoffs of rescattered electrons, indicating characteristic features of strong-field physics. Additionally, the spectra clearly exhibit above-threshold photoemission peaks, making them ideal for benchmarking current theory models.
JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B
(2023)
Article
Optics
Yiming Pan, Eliahu Cohen, Ebrahim Karimi, Avraham Gover, Norbert Schonenberger, Tomas Chlouba, Kangpeng Wang, Saar Nehemia, Peter Hommelhoff, Ido Kaminer, Yakir Aharonov
Summary: In this study, a new measurement-based framework is developed to investigate classical and quantum interactions between free electrons and photons, and is experimentally tested. It is found that classical electron-photon interactions can be represented as outcomes of weak measurement. The transition from quantum to classical measurement is quantified by a universal factor.
LIGHT-SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Optics
Christian Heide, Tobias Boolakee, Takuya Higuchi, Peter Hommelhoff
Summary: In this study, the light-matter interaction in a two-band system as a model for solid-state excitation is theoretically and numerically investigated. Five distinct excitation regimes are identified, providing insights into the highly complex excitation dynamics in solids and connecting Rabi physics with Landau-Zener physics. The categorization allows for a deep understanding of strong-field excitation in solids and can aid in finding optimal driving parameters for various purposes.