☆ 4.8 Editorial Material

Smoking and the First Amendment

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2011)

期刊

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

卷 365, 期 25, 页码 2351-2353

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MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC

DOI: 10.1056/NEJMp1113011

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Medicine, General & Internal

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Abortion Counseling, Liability, and the First Amendment

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Summary: Clinicians in states with abortion bans may face legal risks in counseling patients, and assessing these risks can help maximize patients' well-being.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2023)

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Article Law

GREENWASHING AND THE FIRST AMENDMENT

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Summary: The recent growth in environmental marketing claims by businesses has raised concerns about their truthfulness. This essay offers clarity and a normative approach to understanding how the First Amendment should address issues at the intersection of science, politics, and markets.

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THE ANTI-KLAN ACT IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY

William M. Carter Jr

Summary: This Essay sheds light on the importance of applying federal civil rights statutes to the planning and discussion of racially motivated attacks on online platforms. The 1871 Ku Klux Klan Act gave rise to Section 1985 and 1986, which provide protection against conspiracies and inaction. Drawing upon sociological research and psychological literature, this Essay argues that Section 1986 can be used more extensively to combat white-supremacist terrorism. Potential First Amendment compelled speech challenges to Section 1986 suits are also discussed.

HARVARD LAW REVIEW (2023)

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Article Agronomy

A new Rothamsted long-term field experiment for the twenty-first century: principles and practice

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Summary: Agriculture faces the challenge of meeting competing societal demands to produce food, fiber and fuel while minimizing negative environmental impacts. This necessitates the establishment of long-term agricultural field experiments to study the behavior of different cropping systems. A new experiment has been implemented at Rothamsted to examine the behavior of contrasting cropping systems and initial yield data has been reported.

AGRONOMY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (2023)

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Article Environmental Sciences

Iron amendments minimize the first-flush release of pathogens from stormwater biofilters*

Maryam Ghavanloughajar, Annesh Borthakur, Renan Valenca, Meera McAdam, Chia Miang Khor, M. Timothy Dittrich, Michael K. Stenstrom, K. Sanjay Mohanty

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Article Law

THE NON-FIRST AMENDMENT LAW OF FREEDOM OF SPEECH

Genevieve Lakier

Summary: This article explores the history and operation of non-First Amendment free speech law in the United States, highlighting the greater legal protection for speech in the nineteenth century and the contemporary system's majoritarian and pluralist conception of freedom of speech. It emphasizes the importance of recognizing traditional nonconstitutional mechanisms used to promote free speech. The article criticizes the Supreme Court for its limited understanding of the regulatory history of free speech, leading to an inconsistent body of First Amendment law that fails to sustain laissez-faire principles.

HARVARD LAW REVIEW (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Smoking Is Related to Reduced Motivation, But Not Global Cognition, in the First Two Years of Treatment for First Episode Psychosis

Brandon Schermitzler, Kathleen Miley, Sophia Vinogradov, Ian S. Ramsay

Summary: The study found that smoking is common among individuals with psychotic disorders and may affect neurocognition and motivation, although the results are inconclusive. Over the first two years of treatment, non-smokers showed significantly greater improvements in motivation compared to smokers, and these changes were also associated with improved functioning.

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Article Law

Platforms: The First Amendment Misfits

Jane R. Bambauer, James Rollins, Vincent Yesue

Summary: This Essay explains why previous First Amendment precedents that allowed government to require a private entity to host the speech of others have limited applicability to online platforms like Twitter and Facebook. It argues that the competitive nature of the open internet and user preferences make these platforms responsive to changes in content curation, whether imposed by the government or chosen by the companies themselves. The Essay also compares social media platforms to traditional venues for speech, identifies critical differences, and concludes that online platforms should be considered speech participants. It further argues that the First Amendment protections afforded to platforms should not be significantly altered based on public perception of them as public squares, but transparency requirements may be necessary.

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Article Environmental Sciences

Indigenous earthworms and gut bacteria are superior to chemical amendments in the remediation of cadmium-contaminated seleniferous soils

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Summary: Earthworms and their gut bacteria were found to be more effective in immobilizing Cd in seleniferous soil and increasing the Se/Cd ratio in soil. However, soil amendment alone could not ensure the food safety of leaf vegetables.

ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY (2022)

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Article Law

Unfit to Print: Government Speech and the First Amendment

Seana Valentine Shiffrin

Summary: The UCLA School of Law annually hosts the Melville B. Nimmer Memorial Lecture, a forum for renowned scholars in the fields of copyright and First Amendment law. The lectures are published by the UCLA Law Review, which continues the tradition by featuring an Article based on this year's Nimmer Lecture delivered by Professor Seana Valentine Shiffrin.

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LAWYER SPEECH, INVESTIGATIVE DECEPTION, AND THE FIRST AMENDMENT

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Summary: This article discusses the tension between an attorney's expressive and associational rights and her professional duty of absolute honesty, indicating that lawyers should be allowed to provide counsel, despite the presence of deceptive elements in certain investigations.

UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LAW REVIEW (2021)

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Article Substance Abuse

Experimenting first with e-cigarettes versus first with cigarettes and transition to daily cigarette use among adolescents: the crucial effect of age at first experiment

Stephane Legleye, Henri-Jean Aubin, Bruno Falissard, Francois Beck, Stanislas Spilka

Summary: The study found that experimenting with e-cigarettes first, rather than tobacco, is associated with a reduction in the risk of daily tobacco smoking among French adolescents aged 17-18.5. However, this association varies with age at experimentation, with younger e-cigarette experimenters at higher risk.

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Article Law

FIRST AMENDMENT LIMITATIONS ON PUBLIC DISCLOSURE OF PROTEST SURVEILLANCE

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Summary: The article argues that the government should adhere to the restrictions of the First Amendment when collecting and distributing sensitive associational information, especially in the case of public protest surveillance. Public dissemination of protest surveillance may infringe on protesters' privacy rights, and while ensuring transparency in police-protestor interactions, a more stringent standard must be followed.

COLUMBIA LAW REVIEW (2021)

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Article Substance Abuse

Moderators of changes in smoking, drinking and quitting behaviour associated with the first COVID-19 lockdown in England

Sarah E. Jackson, Emma Beard, Colin Angus, Matt Field, Jamie Brown

Summary: The first COVID-19 lockdown in England was associated with increased smoking prevalence among younger adults and increased high-risk drinking prevalence among all adults. Smoking cessation activity also increased: more younger smokers made quit attempts during lockdown and more smokers quit successfully. Socio-economic disparities in drinking behavior were evident: high-risk drinking increased more among women and those from less advantaged social grades (C2DE), but the rate of reduction attempts increased only among the more advantaged social grades (ABC1).

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First Amendment knowledge and competence in United States residents

Kimberly M. Bernstein, Cynthia J. Najdowski

Summary: The research found that lacking knowledge about one's rights may inhibit the likelihood of exercising those rights, with one-quarter of participants failing a test on First Amendment knowledge. Furthermore, participants were unable to apply their limited knowledge to real-world situations, demonstrating impaired First Amendment competence.

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Letter Immunology

Antibiotic Development Incentives That Reflect Societal Value of Antibiotics

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Improving data sharing to increase the efficiency of antibiotic R&D

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Review Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Setting the standard: multidisciplinary hallmarks for structural, equitable and tracked antibiotic policy

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A one health framework to estimate the cost of antimicrobial resistance

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ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE AND INFECTION CONTROL (2020)

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The impact of infections on reimbursement in 92 US hospitals, 2015-2018

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The effect of generic market entry on antibiotic prescriptions in the United States

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Patient Access in 14 High-Income Countries to New Antibacterials Approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, European Medicines Agency, Japanese Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency, or Health Canada, 2010-2020

Kevin Outterson, Ebiowei S. F. Orubu, John Rex, Christine Ardal, Muhammad H. Zaman

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Antimicrobial Resistance: Is Health Technology Assessment Part of the Solution or Part of the Problem?

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Article Health Care Sciences & Services

Estimating The Appropriate Size Of Global Pull Incentives For Antibacterial Medicines

Kevin Outterson

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HEALTH AFFAIRS (2021)

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News Item Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Trends in the global antibiotics market

Jacob Madden, Kevin Outterson

NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY (2023)

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Editorial Material Economics

Global Pull Incentives for Better Antibacterials: The UK Leads the Way

Kevin Outterson, John H. Rex

APPLIED HEALTH ECONOMICS AND HEALTH POLICY (2023)

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Article Ethics

A Pandemic Instrument Can Start Turning Collective Problems into Collective Solutions by Governing the Common-Pool Resource of Antimicrobial Effectiveness

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Smoking and the First Amendment

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出版社

MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC

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