Article
Microbiology
Nathaniel S. Harshaw, Mitchell D. Meyer, Nicholas A. Stella, Kara M. Lehner, Regis P. Kowalski, Robert M. Q. Shanks
Summary: In this study, a library of over 240 antimicrobial compounds were screened using a luminescent Rcs-reporter plasmid, and the short-chain fatty acid propionic acid was identified as an activator of the Rcs system. The activation of Rcs by propionic acid is likely due to the inactivation of alanine racemase, which affects bacterial cell wall biosynthesis. This study suggests that host gut short-chain fatty acids can influence bacterial behavior via the activation of the Rcs stress response system.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Edoardo Dalmato Schilke, Lucio Tremolizzo, Ildebrando Appollonio, Carlo Ferrarese
Summary: Tic-related disorders are common and can range from mild to severe, with Tourette Syndrome being the most severe form. Tics are arrhythmic hyperkinesias driven by a premonitory urge. Studies have shown abnormalities in striatal circuits and cortical areas associated with excessive dopamine in the basal forebrain.
NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Gui-Xiang Tian, Ke-Ping Peng, Yong Yu, Cheng-Bai Liang, Hai-Qing Xie, Yu-Yang Guo, Shan Zhou, Michael B. W. Zheng, Peng-Yuan Zheng, Ping-Chang Yang
Summary: This study found that the short-chain fatty acid propionic acid (PA) plays a crucial role in regulating the expression of IL-10 in B10 cells. PA stabilizes the mRNA of IL-10, promotes IL-10 production, and attenuates the allergic response by maintaining the function of B10 cells.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Yue Li, Liangjie Zhao, Meiling Hou, Tianlin Gao, Jin Sun, Hao Luo, Fengdan Wang, Feng Zhong, Aiguo Ma, Jing Cai
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of Lactobacillus casei on intestinal adverse reactions induced by anti-tuberculosis drugs and its regulation on gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acid metabolism. The results showed that supplementation of Lactobacillus casei increased the proportion of intestinal goblet cells and restored the level of mucin-2. The intervention of Lactobacillus casei also influenced the microbial composition and short-chain fatty acid content in the colon.
Article
Immunology
Junya Kawasoe, Yoichiro Uchida, Hiroshi Kawamoto, Tomoyuki Miyauchi, Takeshi Watanabe, Kenichi Saga, Kosuke Tanaka, Shugo Ueda, Hiroaki Terajima, Kojiro Taura, Etsuro Hatano
Summary: Liver ischemia and reperfusion injury (IRI) is a common problem in liver surgery, and this study found that feeding mice with inulin can prevent liver IRI. It is suggested that the inulin-induced increase of short-chain fatty acid propionic acid (PA) may play a key role in the prevention of liver IRI.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Tong Wei, Qian Fang, Jin Luo, Yujia Chen, Kequan Zhang
Summary: This study showed that an appropriate concentration of oleic acid promotes propionic acid production, while excess oleic acid and palmitic acid inhibit propionic acid production. The optimal concentration of oleic acid for propionic acid production was found to be 2.3 g/L.
JOURNAL OF WATER PROCESS ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chau Ha Pham, Joo-Eun Lee, Jinha Yu, Sung Hoon Lee, Kyung-Rok Yu, Jaewoo Hong, Namki Cho, Seil Kim, Dukjin Kang, Soojin Lee, Hee Min Yoo
Summary: Recent studies have shown that propionic acid inhibits the survival of HeLa cells through inducing autophagy, as well as triggering the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane dysfunction, and affecting the NF-κB and AKT/mTOR signaling pathways.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Peng Yu, Menghan Wu, Wanyin Bao, Hui Wang
Summary: In this study, three different inoculants (active sludge, pit mud and mixture of sludge and pit mud) were used to produce medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) from food waste with ethanol as electron donor. The results showed that the mixed inoculum of sludge and pit mud produced the highest MCFA concentration. Microbial community analysis revealed the key genera involved in MCFA production. Metagenomic analysis identified the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway as the main pathway for MCFA synthesis. Overall, this study provides new strategies and insights for MCFA production.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Surgery
Atsuro Fujinaga, Masayuki Ohta, Yuichi Endo, Hiroaki Nakanuma, Masahiro Kawamura, Yuka Hirashita, Takahide Kawasaki, Takashi Masuda, Teijiro Hirashita, Koro Gotoh, Masafumi Inomata
Summary: This study found that sleeve gastrectomy (SG) may activate short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) pathways through a change in gut microbiota. Metabolic parameters showed significant improvement in the SG group. Acetic acid levels in the blood and stool were significantly higher in the SG group. Butyric acid levels in the stool were also significantly higher in the SG group. The expression of SCFA receptors GPR41 and GPR43 in the ileum and epididymal fat was significantly higher in the SG group. Increases in the genera Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, and Clostridium were observed in the stool after SG.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Andrew N. Carley, Santosh K. Maurya, Matthew Fasano, Yang Wang, Craig H. Selzman, Stavros G. Drakos, E. Douglas Lewandowski
Summary: The study revealed that short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are oxidized more readily than ketones in failing hearts, serving as a potential unexplored carbon source for energy production. Despite both SCFAs and ketones bypassing reduced CPT1 activity, SCFAs show higher oxidation rates and may represent a promising alternative energy substrate for failing hearts.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Ricco Tindjau, Jian-Yong Chua, Shao-Quan Liu
Summary: This study evaluated the potential of using soy whey as a substrate for the production of a biofortified beverage through fermentation with propionic acid bacteria (PAB). The results showed that certain PAB demonstrated superior growth, acid production, and vitamin B-12 enrichment capabilities. This study highlighted the potential of PAB fermentation in enhancing the nutritional value of beverages or functional ingredients.
JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jerusa Brignardello, Sofia Fountana, Joram Matthias Posma, Edward S. Chambers, Jeremy K. Nicholson, Julien Wist, Gary Frost, Isabel Garcia-Perez, Elaine Holmes
Summary: This study investigated the temporal changes in SCFA concentrations in response to two contrasting diets using a novel GC-MS method. The results showed that the unhealthy diet was associated with lower concentrations of certain SCFAs and higher concentrations of lactic acid. The study highlighted the importance of standardizing the timing of SCFA measurements in dietary studies.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Qin Zhang, Wen-mu Hu, Yu-ling Deng, Jin-jing Wan, Yu-jun Wang, Ping Jin
Summary: This study found that gut microbiota dysbiosis and decreased propionic acid levels were observed in patients with Cushing's syndrome, which may be one of the causes of metabolic abnormalities. Therefore, the gut microbiota may serve as a potential therapeutic target to improve hypercortisolism-related metabolic abnormalities.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Yoonhwa Shin, Sunhee Han, Juhui Kwon, Songhyun Ju, Tae Gyu Choi, Insug Kang, Sung Soo Kim
Summary: The gut microbiome and its product, short-chain fatty acids, play crucial roles in human health and are closely associated with metabolic disorders and inflammation-related diseases. Studying the impact of gut microbiota and its metabolites on inflammatory bowel disease is of great importance.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Brandon Pike, Jinan Zhao, Julie A. Hicks, Feng Wang, Rachel Hagen, Hsiao-Ching Liu, Jack Odle, Xi Lin
Summary: This study investigated the effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) on carnitine status and intestinal fatty acid oxidation in neonates. Suckled newborn piglets were fed different diets with or without clofibrate, succinate+glycerol, tri-valerate, tri-hexanoate, or tri-2-methylpentanoate. Clofibrate increased carnitine concentrations in the liver and plasma, but had no effect in the intestine. TC5 and TMPA stimulated fatty acid oxidation, while TC6 had no effect. These results suggest that clofibrate improves carnitine status and increases fatty acid oxidation in neonates.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Developmental Biology
Indra R. Bishnoi, Klaus-Peter Ossenkopp, Martin Kavaliers
Summary: The study found that adolescent rats are more likely to display risky locomotor and anxiety-like behaviors compared to adult rats, with females showing more of these behaviors than males. However, being injected with LPS twice in early adolescence did not have a significant impact on these behaviors.
DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Martin Kavaliers, Indra R. Bishnoi, Klaus-Peter Ossenkopp, Elena Choleris
Summary: Despite previous speculation on the involvement of progesterone in mediating pathogen disgust in women, a study on female mice found that acute progesterone did not significantly affect their disgust-like avoidance responses to pathogen threat. Instead, progesterone appeared to influence social recognition and preferences in the mice.
HORMONES AND BEHAVIOR
(2021)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Jennifer R. Mepham, Derrick F. MacFabe, Francis H. Boon, Kelly A. Foley, Donald P. Cain, Klaus-Peter Ossenkopp
Summary: The research found that rats treated with propionic acid showed differences in spatial learning performance, with increased search latencies, longer distances traveled, fewer direct and circle swims, and more time spent in the periphery. This indicates that PPA treatment blocked the effects of the pretraining procedure, likely by impairing sensorimotor components or memory of the pretraining.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Martin Kavaliers, Indra R. Bishnoi, Klaus-Peter Ossenkopp, Elena Choleris
Summary: The study demonstrates that female deer mice can engage in mate choice copying by replicating the odor preferences and appetitive components of other females' mate choices, showing social learning behavior.
Editorial Material
Behavioral Sciences
Martin Kavaliers, Indra R. Bishnoi, Klaus-Peter Ossenkopp, Elena Choleris
HORMONES AND BEHAVIOR
(2022)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Indra R. Bishnoi, Caylen J. Cloutier, Cashmeira-Dove Tyson, Vangel M. Matic, Martin Kavaliers, Klaus -Peter Ossenkopp
Summary: This article reviews the effects of immune activation, primarily via LPS, on learning and memory, including the impact on fear and disgust responses and taste and place-related conditioned disgust memory. The central role of immune activation, particularly pro-inflammatory cytokine activity, in these effects is highlighted.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Indra R. Bishnoi, Martin Kavaliers, Klaus-Peter Ossenkopp
Summary: The present study investigated the effects of the endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the acquisition, consolidation, and extinction of LiCl-induced anticipatory nausea. The results showed that LPS exposure significantly attenuated the conditioned nauseating responses during the acquisition and consolidation stages, but had no significant effect on extinction.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Peter R. Feldman, Pietro Gentile, Charles Piwko, Hendrik M. Motswaledi, Samantha Gorun, Jacob Pesachov, Michael Markel, Maxwell I. Silver, Megan Brenkel, Oriel J. Feldman, Corey L. Kamen, Elizabeth Uleryk, Jaime Guevara-Aguirre, Klaus M. Fiebig
Summary: This study compared the relative efficacy of treatments for androgenetic alopecia (AGA) in men and women. The results showed that most treatments can improve hair density, but Finasteride, 2% Minoxidil, and Viviscal in men were not significantly different from the placebo group. Low-level laser comb, ALRV5XR, and Nutrafol showed better efficacy in both women and men.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Biology
Martin Kavaliers, Klaus-Peter Ossenkopp, Cashmeira-Dove Tyson, Indra R. Bishnoi, Elena Choleris
Summary: This article discusses the evolutionary causes and neurobiological mechanisms of pathogen avoidance. Animals evaluate the infection status and threat based on sensory and social cues. The article also explores the relationship between pathogen avoidance and social factors, brain regions, and neuromodulators, as well as the reasons for male and female involvement in pathogen avoidance.
