Article
Neurosciences
Lars Emil Larsen, Sielke Caestecker, Latoya Stevens, Pieter van Mierlo, Evelien Carrette, Paul Boon, Kristl Vonck, Robrecht Raedt
Summary: This study assessed the activity of locus coeruleus neurons and changes in noradrenergic transmission during acute hippocampal seizures. The results showed both inhibition and excitation of LC neurons during seizures, but a consistent release of noradrenaline was observed.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
F. Krohn, E. Lancini, M. Ludwig, M. Leiman, G. Guruprasath, L. Haag, J. Panczyszyn, E. Duezel, D. Haemmerer, M. Betts
Summary: The locus coeruleus (LC), a small structure in the brainstem, is the main source of noradrenaline (NA) in the brain. It modulates cognition, autonomic functions, and the brain's immune response. Degeneration of the LC may contribute to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Understanding early LC degeneration could provide insights into the mechanisms of these neurodegenerative diseases.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Negin Holland, Trevor W. Robbins, James B. Rowe
Summary: This review highlights the important role of noradrenergic projections from the locus coeruleus in regulating cognition and behavior, as well as their loss in neurodegenerative diseases. Advances in human imaging and computational methods for quantifying the locus coeruleus and potential new noradrenergic treatment strategies are also discussed.
Article
Cell Biology
Nicolo Gabriele Pozzi, Francesco Bolzoni, Gabriele Eliseo Mario Biella, Gianni Pezzoli, Chi Wang Ip, Jens Volkmann, Paolo Cavallari, Esther Asan, Ioannis Ugo Isaias
Summary: This study investigated the development of tremor in Parkinson's disease (PD) using a rat model with selective lesioning of LC-NA innervation. The results showed that LC-NA innervation plays a critical role in the development of PD tremor.
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Noa Matosevich, Yuval Nir
Summary: During sleep, the brain's noradrenaline system plays a key role in influencing sleep spindles through the thalamus and regulating coordinated heart rate variations, leading to fluctuations between disengagement and sensory reactivity every 50 seconds.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Nils Korte, Greg James, Haoming You, Chanawee Hirunpattarasilp, Isabel Christie, Huma Sethi, David Attwell
Summary: Noradrenaline released from Locus coeruleus axons induces vascular contraction in arteriolar smooth muscle and capillary pericytes. This contraction is mediated via alpha(2) adrenergic receptors and does not elevate intracellular calcium levels. Activation of alpha(2) adrenergic receptors can stimulate pericyte contraction while blocking them reduces noradrenaline-induced pericyte contraction. These findings suggest that alpha(2) adrenergic receptors play a role in regulating cerebral blood flow and could be targeted for therapeutic purposes.
JOURNAL OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alejandro Osorio-Forero, Romain Cardis, Gil Vantomme, Aurelie Guillaume-Gentil, Georgia Katsioudi, Christiane Devenoges, Laura M. J. Fernandez, Anita Luthi
Summary: During NREMS, fluctuation of noradrenaline levels in thalamus are associated with sleep spindle rhythms and heart-rate variations, indicating vigilance-promoting mechanism by LC neurons. Optogenetic activation or inhibition of LC neurons can modulate sleep-spindle clustering and heart-rate variations, affecting sensory arousability during NREMS. Noradrenergic modulation of thalamic circuits plays a key role in maintaining sensory arousability in mammalian NREMS.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Aitziber Mendiguren, Erik Aostri, Irati Rodilla, Iker Pujana, Ekaterina Noskova, Joseba Pineda
Summary: The pharmacological profile of cannabigerol (CBG), particularly its effect on alpha(2)-adrenoceptor and 5-HT1A receptor, is poorly understood. In this study, male Sprague-Dawley rat brain slices were used to investigate the impact of CBG on firing rate of LC NA cells and DRN 5-HT cells, as well as its interaction with alpha(2)-adrenergic and 5-HT1A autoreceptors. CBG was also evaluated for its anxiolytic-like effects using behavior tests. The findings indicate that CBG inhibits the suppressive effects of alpha(2)-adrenoceptor and 5-HT1A receptor agonists on NA-LC and 5-HT-DRN neurons, and produces anxiolytic-like effects through the 5-HT1A receptor.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Niels Hansen, Alina Isabel Rediske
Summary: Studies suggest that in delirium states, excessive or low arousal directly affects the release and transmission of noradrenaline, leading to deficits in cognitive function and attention.
FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Celia Kjaerby, Mie Andersen, Natalie Hauglund, Verena Untiet, Camilla Dall, Bjorn Sigurdsson, Fengfei Ding, Jiesi Feng, Yulong Li, Pia Weikop, Hajime Hirase, Maiken Nedergaard
Summary: Kjaerby and Andersen et al. demonstrate the important role of norepinephrine (NE) in shaping sleep micro-architecture. NE oscillates during sleep and its amplitude affects memory consolidation and awakenings. Micro-arousals are generated in a periodic pattern during NREM sleep, while NE oscillations drive spindles. The amplitude of NE oscillations plays a crucial role in sleep micro-architecture and memory performance.
NATURE NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Shigeki Hirano, Atsuhiko Sugiyama, Kimihito Arai
Summary: In 1967, the presence of monoamine-containing fibers in the rat cerebellum was demonstrated, providing clinical relevance of the noradrenergic system to the cerebellum. Cerebellar dysfunction and the noradrenergic system may be implicated in various diseases and symptoms, such as tremor in Parkinson's disease, motor learning in spinocerebellar ataxias, and cognitive and emotional symptoms in Alzheimer's disease and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. While recent advances in neuroimaging have helped evaluate the noradrenergic system, more research is needed to fully understand the pathophysiological relationship between the cerebellum and the noradrenergic system and its clinical implications.
Article
Neurosciences
Roman Dvorkin, Stephen D. Shea
Summary: The noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC) plays an important role in social behavior by coordinating phasic activity with specific social events and communicating tonic activity throughout the brain.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Claire O'Callaghan, Frank H. Hezemans, Rong Ye, Catarina Rua, P. Simon Jones, Alexander G. Murley, Negin Holland, Ralf Regenthal, Kamen A. Tsvetanov, Noham Wolpe, Roger A. Barker, Caroline H. Williams-Gray, Trevor W. Robbins, Luca Passamonti, James B. Rowe
Summary: Cognitive decline is common in Parkinson's disease and often unresponsive to dopaminergic therapy. Targeting the locus coeruleus-noradrenaline system may improve response inhibition deficits, with atomoxetine showing potential in some patients. Predicting treatment response and patient selection for atomoxetine therapy based on locus coeruleus integrity is crucial for optimizing therapeutic outcomes.
Article
Biology
Juan Carlos Cerpa, Alessandro Piccin, Margot Dehove, Marina Lavigne, Eric J. Kremer, Mathieu Wolff, Shauna L. Parkes, Etienne Coutureau
Summary: Organisms need to track the relationship between actions and consequences in order to make decisions, which relies on circuits in the brain. There is functional heterogeneity within certain areas of the brain in rodents. Neuromodulatory agents play a crucial role in prefrontal functions and behavioral flexibility.
Article
Biology
Thomas Pfeffer, Christian Keitel, Daniel S. Kluger, Anne Keitel, Alena Russmann, Gregor Thut, Tobias H. Donner, Joachim Gross, Ole Jensen
Summary: This study provides a comprehensive explanation of the relationship between arousal and neuronal population activity in the human brain, revealing a higher specificity of arousal effects on different components of neural activity and across cortical regions. The study also identifies a cascade of effects relative to the timing of spontaneous pupil dilations, suggesting a temporal relationship between arousal and cortical activity.