Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Katerina Kroupina, Chantal Bemeur, Christopher F. Rose
Summary: Hepatic encephalopathy is a decline in brain function caused by liver insufficiency. The liver's reduced ability to clear ammonia plays a crucial role in the development of hepatic encephalopathy. Cirrhotic patients require high protein intake, but this can increase the accumulation of ammonia, worsening hepatic encephalopathy. Finding a nutritional solution that provides sufficient protein doses without increasing the risk of hepatic encephalopathy is necessary.
ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Zefeng Chen, Jingsheng Ruan, Dinghua Li, Min Wang, Zhiwei Han, Wenxia Qiu, Guobin Wu
Summary: Hepatic encephalopathy is a neurological disorder that occurs in patients with liver insufficiency, and its pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated. Pharmacotherapy is the main therapeutic option for HE, which targets the pathogenesis of HE by reducing ammonia levels, improving neurotransmitter signal transduction, and modulating intestinal microbiota. The intestinal microbiota is closely associated with multiple links in the pathogenesis of HE, and restoring the homeostasis of intestinal bacteria or providing specific probiotics has significant effects on neurological disorders in HE.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Shuai Zhang, Jing Zhao, Wei-Meng Sha, Xin-Pei Zhang, Jing-Yuan Mai, Perry F. Bartlett, Sheng-Tao Hou
Summary: This study found that EphA4 plays a critical role in the contraction and tight junction damage of brain microvascular endothelial cells during oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion. The use of EphA4-Fc effectively reduces brain edema and improves neurological function recovery.
JOURNAL OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND METABOLISM
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
So Yeong Cheon, Juhyun Song
Summary: Hepatic encephalopathy and diabetic encephalopathy are emerging types of neurological diseases characterized by cognitive and motor impairments. The relationship between metabolic organs and the brain plays an important role in the pathogenesis of neurological diseases.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Rajiv Jalan, Christopher F. Rose
Summary: The clinical progress in managing hepatic encephalopathy lags behind basic research, making current criteria for definition, classification, diagnosis, and grading difficult to apply reproducibly. Studies suggest that hepatic encephalopathy may be irreversible in many patients, requiring further research into neuronal injury and death mechanisms for future drug development. Lactulose, currently considered the standard of care, has poor clinical evidence for all severity levels of hepatic encephalopathy, and ethical consideration should be given to placebo-controlled trials.
JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yevgeniya I. I. Shurubor, Alexander E. E. Rogozhin, Elena P. P. Isakova, Yulia I. I. Deryabina, Boris F. F. Krasnikov
Summary: This study examines the delayed consequences of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) on animal metabolism. The development of acute HE under the influence of thioacetamide (TAA) toxin was found to cause liver pathology, imbalance in CoA and acetyl CoA, and changes in TCA cycle metabolites. Six days after exposure to TAA, alterations in amino acids, related metabolites, glutamine transaminase (GTK) and omega-amidase enzymes were observed in vital organs. Despite apparent physiological recovery, an imbalance in amino acids and enzymes persisted, providing insight into metabolic trends for prognostic and therapeutic purposes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Young-Kook Kim, Juhyun Song
Summary: Hepatic encephalopathy is a common complication in patients with liver cirrhosis, involving various pathogeneses such as ammonia-induced oxidative stress and neuronal cell death. Researchers are exploring the effects of resveratrol on neuropathogenesis and the gut-liver axis to potentially improve the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kazuhiko Nakadate, Sumito Kamata
Summary: This study investigated the pathological changes associated with acute hepatic encephalopathy in a mouse model. The results showed that ammonium acetate treatment caused enlargement of the lateral ventricles and swelling of the choroid plexus. Additionally, there were changes in the localization of aquaporin-1 after treatment.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Yue Hu, Burcu Seker, Carina Exner, Junping Zhang, Nikolaus Plesnila, Susanne M. Schwarzmaier
Summary: This study visualized the full time course of vascular leakage after traumatic brain injury (TBI) using in vivo 2-photon microscopy. The results showed a biphasic pattern of vascular leakage, indicating acute and delayed mechanisms. Further studies are needed to explore these mechanisms and potential therapeutic strategies in more detail.
JOURNAL OF NEUROTRAUMA
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anamika, Surendra K. Trigun
Summary: The study found that in the hippocampus of MoHE rats, there was a significant decrease in SIRT3 expression and activity, accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. However, treatment with the SIRT3 activator honokiol (HKL) could restore these mitochondrial abnormalities, indicating the important role of SIRT3 in the pathogenesis of MoHE.
JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR TOXICOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Stephen G. Bowden, Christian Lopez G. Ramos, Barry Cheaney II, Emma Richie, Nasser K. Yaghi, Daniel N. Munger, David J. Mazur-Hart, Hao Tan, Matthew D. Wood, Justin S. Cetas, Aclan Dogan, Ahmed M. Raslan, Seunggu J. Han
Summary: It is not known how steroids affect the improvement of focal neurological deficits in patients with brain metastases before surgery, and whether such improvement can predict long-term recovery of neurological function. This study aimed to determine the rate of improvement in focal deficits with preoperative corticosteroids and its predictive value for postoperative recovery in brain metastasis patients.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Giuseppe Marrone, Amato Serra, Luca Miele, Marco Biolato, Antonio Liguori, Antonio Grieco, Antonio Gasbarrini
Summary: Liver cirrhosis is often accompanied by nutritional alterations, affecting about 20% of patients with compensated disease and over 60% of patients with decompensated cirrhosis. Imbalance of amino acids, especially branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), has been shown to be associated with complications and prognosis in these patients. Various studies have explored the use of BCAAs supplementation as a therapeutic option, but uncertainties persist regarding its real efficacy, optimal administration route, and dosage.
WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Wouter Claeys, Lien Van Hoecke, Sander Lefere, Anja Geerts, Xavier Verhelst, Hans Van Vlierberghe, Helena Degroote, Lindsey Devisscher, Roosmarijn E. Vandenbroucke, Christophe Van Steenkiste
Summary: Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a neurological complication of liver dysfunction and portosystemic shunting, highly prevalent in cirrhosis patients and associated with poor outcomes. New insights into peripheral origins in HE have led to innovative treatments like fecal microbiota transplantation, but central nervous system perturbations have not been fully considered. This review proposes a holistic approach, describing HE as a global dysfunction of the neurogliovascular unit, impacting blood flow, nutrient supply, blood-brain barrier function, and leading to accumulation of neurotoxic substances. Taking a broader view of central nervous system alterations in liver disease could aid in further research into HE pathophysiology and development of specific therapeutic strategies targeting central nervous system damage.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Patricia P. Bloom, Jesus M. Luevano, Kelsey J. Miller, Raymond T. Chung
Summary: This study identified several fecal bacterial species and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) associated with hepatic encephalopathy (HE). Many of the species inversely linked to HE were also associated with SCFA production. Patients with a history of HE had lower concentrations of SCFAs in their feces, but fecal ammonia concentrations were similar between those with and without a history of HE. Further research is needed to understand the relationship between these factors and develop targeted interventions for treating HE.
ANNALS OF HEPATOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Dominique Thabut, Charlotte Bouzbib, Lucy Meunier, Manon Haas, Nicolas Weiss, Alexandre Louvet, Francois Imbert-Bismut, Fanny Mochel, Yann Nadjar, Antoine Santiago, Thierry Thevenot, Veronique Duhalde, Frederic Oberti, Claire Francoz, Audrey Coilly, Marie-Noelle Hilleret, Pascal Lebray, Amelie Liou-Schischmanoff, Louise Barbier, Christophe Duvoux, Georges-Philippe Pageaux, Michael Bismuth, Damien Galanaud, Thomas De Broucker, Jean-Francois Cadranel, Vincent Leroy, Vincent Di Martino, Dominique Larrey, Christophe Camus, Olivier Scatton, Victor De Ledinghen, Ariane Mallat, Marika Rudler, Christophe Bureau
Summary: Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a frequent and severe complication of liver disease that often goes undiagnosed due to a lack of understanding and consensus on diagnosis. Non-specific symptoms and comorbidities in cirrhotic patients make differential diagnosis challenging. Guidelines are provided to assist clinicians in diagnosing and treating HE. Liver transplantation may be indicated for HE, but its reversibility post-transplantation and the consequences in patients with other neurological disorders remain controversial.
LIVER INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jan Albrecht, Magdalena Zielinska
NEUROCHEMICAL RESEARCH
(2017)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Krzysztof Milewski, Malgorzata Bogacinska-Karas, Inez Fresko, Wojciech Hilgier, Radoslaw Jazwiec, Jan Albrecht, Magdalena Zielinska
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2017)
Article
Neurosciences
Mariusz Popek, Bartosz Bobula, Joanna Sowa, Grzegorz Hess, Rafal Polowy, Robert Kuba Filipkowski, Malgorzata Frontczak-Baniewicz, Barbara Zablocka, Jan Albrecht, Magdalena Zielinska
MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2018)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marta Obara-Michlewska, Fengfei Ding, Mariusz Popek, Alexei Verkhratsky, Maiken Nedergaard, Magdalena Zielinska, Jan Albrecht
NEUROCHEMISTRY INTERNATIONAL
(2018)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Katarzyna Dabrowska, Jan Albrecht, Magdalena Zielinska
NEUROCHEMISTRY INTERNATIONAL
(2018)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Katarzyna Dabrowska, Katarzyna Skowronska, Mariusz Popek, Marta Obara-Michlewska, Jan Albrecht, Magdalena Zielinska
ENDOCRINE METABOLIC & IMMUNE DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS
(2018)
Article
Neurosciences
Katarzyna Skowronska, Marta Obara-Michlewska, Anna Czarnecka, Katarzyna Dabrowska, Magdalena Zielinska, Jan Albrecht
NEUROTOXICITY RESEARCH
(2019)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Katarzyna Skowronska, Marta Obara-Michlewska, Magdalena Zielinska, Jan Albrecht
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2019)
Article
Oncology
Ewelina Majewska, Javier Marquez, Jan Albrecht, Monika Szeliga
Review
Neurosciences
Jan Albrecht, Magdalena Zielinska
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Krzysztof Milewski, Malgorzata Bogacinska-Karas, Wojciech Hilgier, Jan Albrecht, Magdalena Zielinska
Correction
Oncology
Ewelina Majewska, Javier Marquez, Jan Albrecht, Monika Szeliga
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anna Maria Czarnecka, Krzysztof Milewski, Jan Albrecht, Magdalena Zielinska
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2020)
Article
Cell Biology
Katarzyna Skowronska, Hanna Kozlowska, Jan Albrecht
Article
Neurosciences
Marek J. Pawlik, Marta Obara-Michlewska, Mariusz P. Popek, Anna Maria Czarnecka, Stanislaw J. Czuczwar, Jarogniew Luszczki, Marcin Kolodziej, Albert Acewicz, Teresa Wierzba-Bobrowicz, Jan Albrecht
Summary: Pretreatment with GS inhibitor MSO did not significantly affect hippocampal GS activity but reduced the number of animals showing convulsive seizures and delayed the onset of electrographic seizures. The study suggests that MSO impairs a specific aspect of glutamatergic transmission involved in the transition from cholinergic stimulus to seizure onset, while leaving the nature of the Glu pool(s) involved in altered transmission undefined.