Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Hiroyuki Matsuura, Xiao Yang, Guangqiang Li, Zhangfu Yuan, Fumitaka Tsukihashi
Summary: The treatment of ironmaking and steelmaking slags is crucial for the sustainable development of the steel industry. Japan and China are two major steel producing countries that have been focusing on developing new technologies to reduce slag emissions or promote slag utilization. While Japan has achieved almost complete reuse or recycling of slags, future applications in conventional sectors may be challenging due to stagnant infrastructural investments. China, on the other hand, has steadily increased the utilization ratios of ironmaking and steelmaking slags through technological advances, although increasing the utilization ratio of basic oxygen furnace slags remains a major challenge.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MINERALS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Daniel J. C. Stewart, David Thomson, Andrew R. Barron
Summary: Zinc-contaminated steelmaking by-products pose a recycling challenge, but Rotary Hearth Furnaces offer a solution by recovering iron and zinc through carbothermal reduction. New RHF processes like ITmk3 and e-nugget produce pig iron nuggets from iron ore concentrates and coal, achieving quality separation of iron and gangue without additional melting units. Computational studies show that high-quality pig iron nuggets can be produced from BF dust and BOS dust with the addition of SiO2 and MgO at a specific temperature.
RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Sam Reis, Peter J. Holliman, Ciaran Martin, Eurig Jones
Summary: The global steel industry produces millions of tonnes of iron ore sinter annually using fossil fuels. Sintering is an energy-intensive process that emits significant amounts of CO2. The study compared two iterations of a new biomass-coal hybrid fuel (ecoke(R)(A) and ecoke(R)(B)) with coke breeze and anthracite coal. The results showed that both ecoke(R) samples have the potential to replace up to 30% of the coke breeze in the sintering process or EAF processes to offset CO2 emissions.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Sui Xie, Xinhua Yuan, Fupeng Liu, Baojun Zhao
Summary: The composition and microstructures of the quenched smelting and converting slags were analyzed to determine slag properties and the factors influencing these properties for optimizing operating conditions in the copper flash smelting process. The effects of matte grade, SO2 partial pressure, and the Fe/SiO2 ratio on the liquidus temperature and copper content of the smelting slag were investigated using thermodynamic software FactSage 8.2. The possibility of recovering valuable metals from the smelting and converting slags through pyrometallurgical reduction by carbon was also discussed.
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Snehanshu Pal, Manisha Sahoo, Devi Dutta Biswajeet, Sujan Hazra, Garwa Sunny Tarachand, Debanjana Bhattacharyya, Samik Nag, Seshadri Seetharaman
Summary: In this study, Support Vector Machine (SVM) and ExtraTrees Regressor were used to predict the viscosity, liquidus temperature, and other thermodynamic properties of high alumina slag. The models achieved a high accuracy. The study also investigated the minimization of detrimental effects of high alumina slag by varying the MgO content and CaO/SiO2 ratio in a certain range.
IRONMAKING & STEELMAKING
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Hamed Abdeyazdan, Maksym Shevchenko, Evgueni Jak
Summary: An integrated experimental and thermodynamic modeling investigation was conducted to characterize the phase equilibria in the PbO-NiO-SiO2 system, providing new experimental data and developing a thermodynamic database for a better understanding of the chemical reactions in Ni-containing Pb processing slags.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
(2023)
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Zhengjian Liu, Zhen Li, Yaozu Wang, Jianliang Zhang, Jiabao Wang, Lele Niu, Sida Li, Ben Feng
Summary: Accurate computational models of sintering behavior can improve sinter quality and play a role in yield prediction. This paper introduces the fundamental physical formula and chemical reactions of numerical simulation of the sintering process, based on previous studies. It reviews the studies on sintering numerical simulation from different perspectives and discusses the main methods and assumptions. The current state of sintering simulation, including innovative algorithms and optimized sintering technology, is discussed along with potential implications for model development.
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Sujan Hazra, Snehanshu Pal, Devi Dutta Biswajeet, Manisha Sahoo, Garwa Sunny Tarachand, Debanjana Bhattacharyya, Samik Nag, Seshadri Seetharaman
Summary: The composition of high alumina (Al2O3 > 15%) in blast furnace slags has a significant impact on viscosity and flowability. Part-1 of the study provides a comprehensive analysis of the role of high alumina compositions, reviewing critical parameters such as slag viscosity, liquidus temperature, and activation energy, and proposing solutions for desired operating conditions. Flow parameters and the effect on tap-to-tap time are examined, along with the study of additives to improve slag properties. Various slag compositions and optimization techniques are discussed to enhance understanding of the topic.
IRONMAKING & STEELMAKING
(2023)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
X. Wen, M. Shevchenko, E. Jak
Summary: The phase equilibria of the PbO-CuO0.5 and PbO-CuO0.5-FeO1.5 slag systems in equilibrium with solid metallic copper and/or liquid metallic lead-copper alloy were studied. The compositions in the liquid slag, solid oxide, and metallic phases were directly measured. Phase equilibria data on several primary phases were obtained, and it was discovered that the copper plumbite phase melted incongruently contradicting previous studies.
TRANSACTIONS OF NONFERROUS METALS SOCIETY OF CHINA
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Dan Yu, Fei Liu, Changdong Zou, Xiao Yang
Summary: Shortage of soluble Fe in seawater can limit the growth of benthic seaweeds. This study proposes the use of steelmaking slag and municipal green wastes as a cost-effective method to provide Fe for seaweeds. By adding tangerine peel, which contains flavonoids, to the mixture of slag and green wastes, the release of Fe was significantly improved. The formation of stable flavonoid-Fe (II) chelates changes the thermodynamic property of Fe(II) in water, promoting its release from slag. These results demonstrate the feasibility of developing a technology for Fe supply in seawater.
RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING
(2023)
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jinfa Liao, Gele Qing, Baojun Zhao
Summary: Due to its advantages of high productivity, high energy efficiency, and low cost, more and larger blast furnaces have been constructed worldwide in recent years. Slag plays an important role in producing high-quality hot metal and maintaining smooth operations in a blast furnace. Extensive research has been conducted on the phase equilibria in the CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 slag system to meet the changing requirements of blast furnace operations and raw materials. Reliable thermodynamic modelling is the target of researchers to accurately predict liquidus temperatures of the slag.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Aidin Heidari, Niusha Niknahad, Mikko Iljana, Timo Fabritius
Summary: This review focuses on the current research status of improving the green production of iron and steel industry, emphasizing the potential of hydrogen in steelmaking processes and cost control, and lists the key parameters affecting reduction kinetics. The research results show that increasing temperature, H-2/CO ratio, hydrogen flow rate, and hematite percentage can increase the reduction rate.
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Yannan Wang, Wei Lv, Xiaohui Fan, Min Gan
Summary: The study revealed that lead can be removed in different forms during the iron ore sintering process, with increasing carbon content, maximum sintering temperature, and CaO content enhancing the removal of lead.
ISIJ INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Sina Shakibania, Alireza Mahmoudi, Mohammad Mokmeli
Summary: A selective process for separating vanadium and iron from steelmaking slag is proposed in this study. The process involves leaching, cementation, and solvent extraction stages. The experimental results show that D2EHPA and Aliquat 336 are effective extractants for vanadium extraction with different oxidation states. The study also reveals the extraction mechanism of vanadium through both anion and cation exchange reactions.
MINERALS ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Kanak Das, Ashish Agrawal, A. S. Reddy, R. V. Ramna
Summary: Reducing slag rate can improve blast furnace productivity, and achieving this can be done by removing alumina from the iron ore or adding more silica. High Al2O3% in BF slag has negative effects, so it is important to identify a slag regime with low liquidus temperature and viscosity.
TRANSACTIONS OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF METALS
(2021)
